Return to
LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORaiORY

WOODS HOLE, MASS.

Loaned by American Museum of Natural History

tei;:l?),,Jcms

f'-Vw v.

:V/ YORK. ^

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA

VOL. YL 1^52, 1853.

PHILADELPHIA.

PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY,
By Merrihew & Thompson, Merchant street, above Fourth,

1854.

A

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INDEX TO VOLUME VI.

Abell, John, deposit in museum, Ixiv.
Abert, Col. J. J., don. to lib., xxviii.,

xxxii., Ixxiii.
Acad. C. L. C. Nat.- Curiosorum, don.

to lib. xiv., xlix., lix Ixxvi.
Acad. Nationale des Sci. &c. de Lyon,

don. to lib. Ixix.
Adams, Prof. C. B., don. to lib., xxxvi,

xlviii. >

Agardh, J. G., don. to lib., xlv.
Agassiz, Prof., communication from, in

relation to Cambarus Gambelii, 375.
Agnew, Rev. Wm. G., don. to mus.

Ixxv.
Albany Institute, don. to lib., Ivi.
American Academy of Arts aod Sci.,

don. to lib., Ixix.
American Philosophical Society, don.

to lib., ix., XXV., Ixxvi.
American Pomolog. Society, don. to

lib., xlix.
Anatomical Collection of the late Dr.

S. G. Morton, presented by members

and others, Ixiv.
Annals of Science, don. of by Editor,

Ixv, ixvi, Ixix, Ixxi, Ixxii, Ixxiii,

Ixxviii.
Andrews, Israel D., don. t lib., Ixxvi.
Ashmead, Chas. C, don. to mus.,xxxv.

lix.
Ashmead, Samuel, don. to mus., xvi.,

XXXV., xliv., Ixxii. Remarks on a

collection of Marine Algoe, 147.
Audubon and Bachman, description of

a new American Fox, 114.

Baird, Prof. S. F., note in reference to
Vulpes Utah, 124.

Baird, Prof, and C. Girard, on the cha-
racters of some new Reptiles in the
Museum of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, 68, 125, 173; Descriptions of
new species of Reptiles, collected by
the U. 6. Expl. Exp., Capt. Wilkes,
174, 420 ; List of iReptiles collected
in California by Dr. J. Le Conte, with

descriptions of new speciesj 300 ;
Descriptions of some new Fishes from
the River Zuni, 368 ; Description of
new species of Fishes, collected by
Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S and
Mexican Boundary Commission, 387;
Description of new species ef Fishes,
collected by Capts. Marcy and Mc-
Clellan in Arkansas, 390.

Bache, Prof. F., don. to lib., Ixxviii.

Bailey, Prof. J. W., (see Harvey.)

Barry, Rev. A. C, don. to mus., Ixviii.

Bathygnathus borealis, lower jaw of,
presented by Dr. Leidy, Mr. Lea and
\V. S. Vaux, Ixxiv.

BischofF, Dr.G. G., don. to lib., xxxviii.

Blagoe, Benj., don. to mus., xliv.

Bland, Thomas, don. to lib., xlv.

Boston Soc of Nat. History, don. to lib.
by, ii., vi., xi., xiv., xvii., xxviii.,
xxxiii., xlix., Ivi., Iviii., Ixvii., Ixx.

Botto, G. D., don. to lib., ii.

Boue, Dr. Ami, don. to lib., Ixxvii.

Brasier, A. J., don. to lib., Ixvii.

Bridges, Dr. R., don. to lib., xiv.

Brown, F., Jr., don. to mus., Ixiv.

Browne, Peter A., don. to lib., xxii.

Budd, Dr. C. H.,don. to mus., viii.jxvi.
xvii.

Burtt, Dr., U. S. N., don. to mus., i.,
viii., xvi., xvii., xxvii., xxxii. ; don.
to lib., xxii. ; on the influence of Sul-
phuretted Hydrogen arising from the
Bay of Callao on Fishes in its waters, i.

Butler, Pierce, don. to mus., liii.

By-Laws, amendmients to, 375, 403.

Carson, Prof. Jos., don. to lib., xiv.l.

Carter, Dr. Charles, don. to mus., Ixiv.

Cassin, John, don. to mus.,i. ; remarks
on the Birds from the Arctic regions,
presented by Dr. Kane, 107 ; an-
nouncement of Dr. Heermann's re-
turn from California, 147 ; Descrip-
tion of new species of Birds in the
collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., 184 ;

IV.

INDEX.

Catalogue of Halcyonidae, 188 ; Re-
marks on a new species of Scalops
^ from Oregon, 242 ; Catalogue of Hi-
rundinidae in Collection of Acad. Nat.
Sci., 369; Description of new species
of Hirundinidae and Psittacidas, in
Collection of A. N. S., 369 ; Synop-
sis of Falconidae of America north of
Mexico, 450.

Charleston Med. Journal and Review,
don. of, by Editors, vii., xiv., xxx.,
xxxviii., 1., Iviii., Ixvii., Ixx., Ixxii.,
Ixxviii.

Clapp, Dr. A., don. to lib., Ixv.

Clay, Jos. A., don. to mus., Ixiv.

Coates, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., vii.;
correction of an error in Dr. Smyth's
work on the Unity of the Human
Races, 191.

Cole, Mrs., don. to lib., Ixxviii.

Committee on Proceedinsis, Report by,

2iy.

Committee on Mammalogy, Report by,
220.

Committee to communicate with Com.
Perry, in relation to making collec-
tions in India, by the U. S. Japan
Exp., 55.

Committee on the purchase of Dr. Mor-
ton's Anatomical collection, 304.

Committee on the occasion of the de-
cease of J. Price Wetherill, 376.

Committees, Standing, for 1852, 30; for
1853, 239.

Committees on Scientific Papers : By
Dr. Wetherill; Examination of Mo-
lybdate of Lead, from Phcenixville,
Penna., 52 and 117; Chemical Inves-
tigation of the Honey Ant, 107 ; on
the food of the Queen Bee, 117; on
Mr. Sumner's Analyses of the Cotton
Plant and Seed, as communicated by
Dr. Wetherill, 195: By Mr. Lea;
description of a new species of Sym-
phynote Unio, 52; description of a
fossil Saurian, from the New Red
Sandstone of Penna., 72 ; on some
new fossil Molluscs in the Carbonife-
rous Slates of Penna., 72 ; Descrip-
tion of a new species of Eschara, lOG;
Notice of the Mya nodulosa VV^ood,
325 : By Col. G. A. McCall : descrip-
tion of a new species of Carpodacus,
56: By Dr. Woodhouse ; Description
of new species of Vireo and Zonotri-
chia, 56j Description of a new species
of Lcpus, 72 ; of a now species of
Ectopistes, 72 ; Description of a new
species of Sciurus, 100 ; description of
a new species of Numenius, 192 ; new

species of Geomys and Perognathus,
195 ; new species of Struthus, 196 ; a
nev/ species of Dipodomys, 224 ; a
new species of Hesperomys, 24U: By
Dr. Leconte ; Remarks on Coleop-
tera from Arkansas and New Mexico,
58 ; Synopsis of the Anthicites of the
United States, 71 ; Synopsis of the
species of Pterosticus, 107 ; on the
Coccinellidas of the U. S., and on a
new species of Trorabidium, 124; no-
tice of fossil Dicotyles from Missouri,
and on some fossil Pachyderms from
Illinois, 1 ; Hints towards a natural
classification of the family Histrini,34;
Synopsis of the Parnidse of the U. S.,
34; Synopsis of thelEucnemidce oftem-
perate N. America, 34 ; Description
of a new species of Sciurus, 147 ;
Catalogue of Melyrides of the U.S.,
147 ; Synopsis of the Scydmaenidae of
the U. S., 148; Synopsis of the genus
Geomys Raf., 148 ; description of 20
new species of Coleoptera of the U.
S., 223 ; Synopsis of the Silphales of
America north of Mexico, and Synop-
sis of the Scaphidilia of the U. S.,
240; Synopsis of the species of Abrfeus
inhabiting the U. S., 241 ; Synopsis
of the Meloides of the U. S., and Sy-
nopsis of the EndomychidcB, Rhipi-
ceridae and Cyphonidae of the U. S.,"
323 ; Description of new Coleoptera
from Texas, 438: ByC. Girard: Ob-
servations on N. American Astaci,
58 ; descriptions of new Nemerteans
and Planarians from the coast of
Carolina, 325 ; Observations on the
American species of Esox, and note
on a nest constructed by Catfishes,
377 ; Researches upon Nemerteans
and Planarians, 434 : By Prof. Baird
and C. Girard; On new Reptiles in
the Museum of the Smithsonian In-
stitution, 59, 117 and 148; descrip-
tion of new Reptiles collected by U.
S. Expl. Exp., Capt. Wilkes, 171;
description of new species of Reptiles
from California, collected by Dr. Le
Conte, 241 ; description of new fishes
from the River Zuni, 326 ; description
of Fishes collected in Arkansas by
Capts. Marcy and McClelland, and
descriptions of Fishes collected by
Mr. Clarke oa the U. S. and Mexican
Boundary Survey, 379: By Dr. Hallo-
well; on new species of Reptiles from
Western Africa, 58 ; descriptions of
new Reptiles from Oregon, 172 ; on
some new Reptiles inhabiting North

INDEX.

V.

America, 172 ; on a new genus and
two new species of Reptiles inhabit-
ing N. America, 195 ; on a new genus
and new species of African Serpents,
198 ; on new Reptiles from California,
225 : By Prof. Dana ; Crustacea of
Expl. i' xp., 59: By Dr. Leidy;
on the Osteology of the head of the
Hippopotamus, &c., 59 ; description
of Bathygnathus borealis, 438. By
Dr. Owen ; notice of a Mineral from
California, 72 : By Dr. Genth , on
some minerals which accompany
Gold from California, 107 ; on Rhodo-
phyllite, 118 ; on a probably new ele-
ment with Iridosmene and Platinum
from California, 198 ; on a new va-
riety of gray Copper, and on Uvvenite,
a new mineral, 241: By the Rev. Mr.
Longstreth ; on the impregnation
of the eggs of the Queen Bee, 34:
By Mr. Cassin ; Catalogue of Hal-
cyonidae, in the Collection of the
Acad. Nat. Sci., 172 ; on new species
of Birds in the Collection of the Aca-
demy, 172 ; description of a new spe-
cies of Scalops from Oregon, 241 ;
Catalogue of Hirundinidas in the Col-
lection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., and on
Jiew species of Swallows and Parrots
in same collection, 326 : Synopsis of
the Falconidaa of America north of
Mexico, 439: By ^Ir. Tuomey ; des-
criptions of fossil shells from the Ter-
tiary of the Southern States, 192: By
Dr. Heermann ; Notes on the Birds
of California, 195 ; Catalogue of the
Oological Collection of the Acad. Nat.
Sci., 241 : By Mr. Conrad ; descrip-
tion of new fossil shells of the United
States, and remarks on the Tertiary
Sl;rata of St. Domingo and of Vicks-
burg. Miss., 196; Notes on Shells and
descriptions of new species, 197 ; Sy-
nopsis of the N. American Naiades,
240 ; description of a new species of
Unio, 315, and monograph of the ge-
nus Fulgur, 315; Monograph of the
genus Argonauta, and synopsis of the
genus Cassidula, and description of a
new genus Athleta, 438 ; omissions
and corrections to Synopsis of North
American Naiades, 438 : By Dr. Hoy ;
descriptions of Owls from Wisconsin,
197; Notes on the Ornithology of
Wisconsin, 240: By Major Le Conte ;
on the Vine's of N. America, 395; de-
scription of a new species of Pa-
cane nut, 395 ; description of three
new species of Arvicola, &c., 403 ;

Observations on Crotalus durissusand
C. adamanteus, 404 : By Dr. F.
Greene ; on the chemical inves-
tigation of the remains of fossil
Mammalia, 241 :^By the Rev. Mr.
Berkeley and Rev. M. A. Curtis ;
on the Exotic Fungi from the
Schweinitz Herbarium in the Acad.
Nat. Sci., 242 : By Lieut. Maury :
Observations on Atmospheric Pres-
sure, 304 : By Prof. Haldeman ; des-
cription of new species of Insects,
325 : By Dr. M. C. Read;' Notes on
the Birds of northern Ohio, 395 : By
Professors Harvey and Bailey ; De-
scription of new species of Diato-
maceae, collected by U. S- Exploring
Exp., Capt. Wilkes, 430 : By Dr. S".
Weir Mitchell ; On the influence of
the Respiration on the Pulse, 435.
Conrad, ^T. A., don. to mus.,xvii.,xliv.
Remarks on the Tertiary Strata of
St. Domingo, and of Vicksburg, Miss.,
198; Notes on Shells, 199,320; Sy-
nopsis of the Naiades of North Ame-
rica, 243 ; Monograph of the genus
Fulgur, 316 ; Synopsis of the genus
Cassidula and of a proposed new ge-
nus Athleta, 448 ; Omissions and cor-
rections to Synopsis of N. A. Naiades,
449.
Correspondents elected.

Antisell, Dr. Thos., New York, 171.
Barry, Rev. A. C, Wisconsin, 403.
Dalton, Dr. H. G., Dernerara, 124,
Daniel, Dr. Wm. F., Africa, 146.
De Candolle, Prof. Alphonse, Geneva,

324.
Ford, Dr. H. A., Africa. 56.
Foster, J. W., New York, 50.
Fox, Rev. Charles, Michigan, 403.
Hartlaub, Dr. G., Bremen, 315.
Hartmann, Dr. Wm. D., Westchester,

Pa., 373.
Hoy, Dr. Philo R., Wisconsin, 403.
Kennedy, Dr. H. W., Buenos Ayres,

195.
Le Confb, Prof. John, Georgia, 458.
Lynch, Commander Wm. F., U. S.

N., 146.
Maury, Lieut. M. F., U. S. N., 239.
Marsh, Dexter, Mass., 146.
Newberry, Dr. J. S., Ohio, 403,
Perley,M.H., St. John-s, N. B., 171.
Porter, Rev. Thos. G., Penna., ^94.
Potter, Rt. Rev. Alonzo, Penna. 171.
Schaum, Dr. H., Berlin, 315.
Smith, J. Broome, California, 195.
Wagner, Prof. A.j Munich, 315.
Webber, Dr. Samuel, N. H., 30.

VI.

INDEX.

Whitney, J. D., New York, 50.
Cotting, Dr.B. E., don. to lib., xlviii.
Costa, Achille, don. to lib., Ixviii.
Cramer, Charles, don. to mus., Ixi.
Creot, Alfred, don. to nnus., Ixxii.
Curators, Report of, for 1852, 218; for

1853,456. _
Curtis, Rev. M. A, don. to mu?.,xvii.,

don. to lib , v.
Cuttle, John, don. to mus., i.

Dalton, Dr. H. G., don. to mus., xvii.

Dana, Prof. J. D., Conspectus of the
Crustacea of the Exploring; Expedi-
tion, Capt. Wilkes, 73.

Daniel, Dr. Wm. F., don. to lib., xviii.

Darlington, Dr. Wm., don. to lib.,
Ixv.

Daubree, Wm. A., don. to lib., xxiv.

Dawson, J. W.,don. to mus.,lxiv.,don.
to lib, Ixviii.

De la Berge, M., don. to mus., xxxv.

Delafield, Dr. E., don. to lib., lii.

DowJer, Dr. B., don. to lib., xxx. Ixix.

Durand, Elias, don. to lib., lii.

Ecole des Mines, don. by, of Annalesdes

Mines, ix., xxxi., Iv., Ixix., Ixxxi.
Edwards, Amory, don. to mus., vii.
Edwards, Mr., don. to mus.,liii., Iviii.,

Ixviii.
Elwyn, Dr. A. L., don. to lib. xiii. ;

deposit in lib. xxxvi.
Engelmann, Dr. Geo., don. to mus.

xliv.jlxiv.
Eschricht, Dr. D. E., don. to lib. Ixxvi.

Fahnestock, G. W.,don. tomus.xxxvi.,
xliv., liii.

Faraday, M., don. to lib. xv. -

Fisher, Dr. J.C., remarks on the aurora
borealis 51 ; don. to lib. vi.

Fisher, Thomas, don. to mus. i., xvii,
xliv. ; don. to lib. Ixxiii.

Flourens, M.,don. to lib. Ixxviii.

Ford, Dr. H. A., don. to mus. i., Ixviii.;
on the characteristics of the Troglo-
dytes gorilla, 30.

Foster, J. W., don. to lib. 1.

Frazer, Prof., don. to lib. Ixxii.

Gambel, Mrs., letter from, presenting

the MSS..of the late Dr. Gambel, of
his last overland journey to Cali-
fornia, 439.

Geological Society of London, don. to
lib., ii., xiv., xxiii., xxiv., liv , Ixvii.,
Ixix., Ixxv.

Geological Society of Germany, don. to
lib., Ixxvi., Ixxvii.

Genth, Dr. F. A., don. to mus. xvii. ;
on some minerals which accompany
gold in California, 113 ; on Stron-
tiano-calcite, 114; on Rhodophyllite,
121 ; on some salts of Cobalt and
Ammonia, 147 ; on a probably new
element with Iridosmine and Pla-
tinum from California, 209 ; on a new
variety of Gray Copper, 296 ; on
Owenite, 297,

Germain, L. J., don. to mus. Ixxii.

Gibbes,Dr. R. W., don. To mus. Ixxiv.:
don. to lib. Ixxii.; letter from, pre-
senting an aboriginal cranium from
South Carolina, 433.

Gibbons, Dr., don. to mus. lix.

Gilliams, H., don. to mus. viii.

Gilliams, J., don. to mus. xxxvi.

Gillou, Constant, don. to mus., liii.

Girard, Charles, don. to lib., vi., xxx.,
Ixxii.; Revision of the North Ameri-
can Astaci, 87 ; description of New
Nemerteans and Planarians from the
Carolina Coast, 365 ; observations on
a species of Rana, and of Bufo, from
Oregon, 37S ; description of a sup-
posed new species of Salmo, 380 ; re-
marks on Professor Agassiz' commu-
cation on Cambarus Gambelii, &c.,
380 ; on the American species of
Esox, 386; on a nest constructed by
Catfishes, 387.

GistljDr. J., don. to lib. xxx.

Graham, Col. J. D., don to lib. Ivi.

Grant, Wm., don. to mus. xvii.

Greene, Dr. F. V., Chemical investiga-
tion of the remains of fossil Mam-
malia, 292.

Gries, Wm., don. to lib. xxiii.

Grube, Prof. E., don. to lib. Ixxv.

Haidinger, Wm., don. to lib. xlv., xlvi.

Haldeman, Prof. S. S., don. to mus.
xxvii., xxviii., Ixiv., Ixviii.; don.to
lib. xxiii. ; remarks on some albino
specimens of Tamias Lysteri, 198;
description of new species of insects,
361 ; proposition to change Meloc par-
vus to M. ]iarv2il7is, 404.

Hallovvell, Dr. E., don. to mus. Ixxii.,

INDEX.

Vll.

Ixxiv. ; on new reptiles from Western
Africa, 62 ; on some new reptiles in-
habiting N. America, 177 ; on new
species of reptiles from Oregon, 182 ;
on a new genus and new species of
African Serpents, 203; on a new
genus and new species of reptiles in-
habiting N. America, 206; on some
new rpptiles from California, 236.

Hanley, M., don. to mus. viii.

Harris, Edward, don. to mus. xvii.

Harris, Mr., don. to mus. viii.

Hartmann, Dr. Wm. D., don. to mus. i.,
viii., xxvii. ; don. to lib. Ixii.

Harvey, Profs. W. H., & J. W. Bailey,
on new species of Diatomaceae, col-
lected by the U. S. Exploring Expe-
dition, Capt. Wilkes, 430.

Hayes, Dr. Isaac, remarks on a tooth
of the fossil Tapir, 53; don. to mus.
i., vii., Ixviii.

Henderson, Dr. A., don. to mus. i., viii.

Heermann, Dr. A. L., don. to mus.,
xxviii., XXXV., xxxvi., xliv., liii.,
Iviii., Ixiv. ; Catalogue of the Oolo-
gical Collection of the Acad. Nat.
Sci-, 313.

Henry, Dr. T. Charlton, don. to mus.,
viii.

Hiester, Dr., don. to mus. xvi.

Hildreth, Dr. S. P., don. to lib., Ixxvi.

Historical Society of Penna., don. to
lib., Ixxiii.

Histoire Nat., &c., de Pile de Cuba,
don. of by members, xi., Ixxxiii.

Holmes, Prof. F. S., don. to mus.,
xxxvi.,, circular from 124.

Hoopes, B. H., don. to mus., xliv.

Hooper, John, don. to lib., xiii.

Hopkins, Wm., don. to lib., xxiv.

Horsfield, Dr. Thomas, don. to lib.,
xxviii., Ivi.

Hoy, Dr. Philo R., description of new
Owls, from Wisconsin, 210; Notes
on the Ornithology of Wisconsin, 304,
381, 425.

Imperial Geological Institute of Vien-
na, don. to lib., Ixv., Ixxvii.

Jackson, Dr. Charles T., don. to lib.,
iii., 1.

Jackson, Dr. J. B. S., don. to lib., Ixix.

Janney, Dr. A., don. to mus., xvi.

Jessup A., don. to mus., xvi., lix.. Ixiv.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and
Eastern Asia, don. of by editors, vii.,
XV., xxiv., xxxii., xxxvi., xlv., Iviii.,
Ixviii., Ixix., Ixxv.

Kane, Dr. E. K., don. to mus., xvii.,
liii., Ixviii., don. to lib., Ixviii.,
Ixxviii ; announcement by, of a new
Amer. Arctic Expedition, in search
of Sir John Franklin, 196.

Keefer, T. C, don. to lib., lix.

Kennedy, Dr. H. W., don. to mus.,
xxxvi., don. to lib., xl., xlii., xliv.

Kern, E. L., don. to mus., viii.

Kern, R. H., don. to mus., vii., xxvii.

Kilvington, Robert, don. to mus., viii.,
xvii., xxvii.

King, Dr. A. T., don. to mus., Ixiv.

Kirtlanu, Dr. 7. P., don. to mus., xxvii.,
Ixviii.

Kneeland, Dr. S., Jr., don. to lib., Ix.

Krider, John, don. to mus., i., xvii.,
xxvii., lix., Ixviii., Ixxv.

Lambert, John, don. to mus., viii.

Langstroth, Rev. L. L., don. to lib.,
Ixix. ; on the Honey Ant, of Mexico,
71 ; on the impregnation of the eggs
of the Queen Bee, 49.

Latham, R. T., don to lib., liii.

Latour, M. Huguet, don. to lib., liii.,
liv., Iv., Iviii., Ixi., Ixiv.

Lawrence, Geo. N., don. to mus. viii.

Lea, Isaac, don. to mus., viii., xvii.,
Ixxv., don. to lib., vi., ix., xxii., ; on
Dipsas plicatus Leach, 53 ; periodi-
city of the family Unionidae, 54; de-
scription of a new species of Sym-
phynote Unio, 54 ; definition of the
term " Species," 57 ; on some im-
pressions of human feet in sandstone,
from Illinois, 106; on some shells
from the Drift, near Philadelphia,
106 ; description of a new species of
Eschara, 109; notice of Myanodulo-
sa, 368 ; on the Castalia sulcata
Krauss, and other Naiades, 376; on
the MuUeria Ferussac, Acostoea D'-
Orbigny, 435 ; on a specimen of
Gneiss bored by Pholas dactylus, 438.

Lea, L., don. to lib., xviii.

Leasure, Dr. D., don. to lib., xviii.

Le Conte, Prof. J., don. to lib., Ixxvi.

Le Conte, Major John, don. to mus.,
viii., xvii , xxvii., liii., don. to lib.,
Ivi. ; enumeration of the Vines of N.
America, 269 ; remarks on a speci-
men of Dipsas plicatus containing ar-
tificial pearls, 326 ; description of a
new species of Pacane Nut, 402 ; de-
scription of nine new species of Arvi-
cola, with remarks on other North
American Rodents, 404 ; observations

VIll.

INDEX.

on the so-called Crotalus durissus,
and C. adamanteus of authors, 415.

Le Conte, Dr. John L., don. to mus.,
i., vii., viii., xvi., xxvii., xliv. ; don.
to lib., Ixvi. ; on some fossil Suiline
Pachydernas, from Illinois, 3 : notice
of a fossil Dicotyles, from Missouri,
5 ; on the difference between primor-
dial and introduced races, 35 ; on a
natural classification of the Histrini,
36; synopsis of the Parnidae of the
United States, 41 ; synopsis of the
Eucnemides of teinperate N. Ameri-
ca, 45; remarks on a new locality
for Casteroides Ohioensis, 53 ; on
some fossil Pachyderms, from Illi-
nois, 56; on some Coleoptera, from
Missouri and New Mexico, collected
by Dr. Woodhouse, 65 ; synopsis of
the Anthicites of the United States,
91; on the Coccinellidse of the U.
States, 129 ; description of a new
species of Trombidium, 145; descrip-
tion of a new species of Sciurus, 149;
synopsis of the Scydmaenidae of the
United States, 149 ; attempt at a
synopsis of the genus Geomys Raf.,
157 ; Catalogue of the Melyrides of
the United States, 163; remarks on
the genus Dipodomys, 224 ; on the
Mexican Ant, 225; descriptions of
twenty new species of Coleoptera in-
habiting the United States, 226 ;
synopsis of the Silphales of America,
north of Mexico, 274 ; synopsis of the
species of Abraeus inhabiting the U.
States, 287 ; remarks on the speci-
mens of Scalops in the collection of
the Academy, 326 ; synopsis of the
Meloides of the U. States, 328; syn-
opsis of the Atopidag Rhipiceridae and
Cyphonidae of the United States, 350;
synopsis of the Endomychidae of the
United States, 357 ; description of
new Coleoptera from Texas, collect-
ed by the Mexican Boundary Com-
mission, 439.

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, don. to mns., xxvii.,
Ixviii.; don. to lib., v., xviii., xxviii.,
liv.,lv., lix., Ixii., Ixvii.; remarks on a
fossil vertebra, from Ouachita, La.,
52; osteology of the Hippopotamus,
52, 53 ; on the fossil Tortoises, from
Nebraska, 59 ; on " Red Snow," from
the Arctic regions, 59 ; on two crania
of extinct species of Ox, 71 ; on the
Honey Ant, of Mexico, 72 ; reference
to a fossil tooth of a Tapir, 106 ; re-
marks on the fossil Ox, 117 ; remarks
on the fossil Edentata of N. America,

117 ; remarks on some fossil teeth of
Rhinoceros, from Nebraska, 2 ; on a
fossil Turtle, from Nebraska, 34; re-
marks on a fossil Delphinus, from the
Miocene of Virginia, and a fossil Cro-
codileaYi reptile, from New Jersey,
35; remarks on Tapirus Haysii, 148;
remarks on various fossil teeth, 241 ;
on some fossil fragments from Nat-
chez, Miss., 303 ; observations on re-
mains of extinct Cetacea, from the
green sand of New Jersey, and from
South Carolina and Virginia, 377 ;
remarks on a collection of fossil
Mammalia and Chelonia, from the
Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska, 392 ;
remarks on a fragment of a jaw of an
extinct Saurian, from Prince Ed-
ward's Island, 404 : character ex-
plained of nodular bodies found in the
tails and fins of fishes, from Cold
Pond, N. H., 433.

Le Gal, E., don. to lib., xiv.

Lepsius, Dr. R., don. to lib., xxxi.

Letters from Individuals
Adams, Com., U. S. N., 71.
Bache, Prof. A. D., 105.
Baird, Prof. S. F., 438.
Barry, Rev. C, 433.
BischofF, Dr. G. G., 147.
Blanding, Dr. Wm., 240.
Boue, Dr. M., 435.
Boyd, Lieut., U. S., 125.
Chambers, Dr. R. C, 241.
Costa, Sig. Achille, 325.
Cresson, Prof. J. C, 323.
Curtis, Rev. M. A., 105.
Daniel, Dr. Wm. F., 71.
Davis, J. Barnard, 395.
Dawson, J. W., 325.
Ducachet, Rev. Dr., 71.
Dun^lison, Dr. R., 240.
Durand, E., 191.
Edwards, Amory, 52.
Ehrlich, Prof., 125.
Espinoza, Signor Juan, 324.
Fahnestock, G. W., 147.
Ford, Dr. H. A., 375.
Fox, Rev. Charles, 433.
Frazer, Prof. J. F., 223.
Gibbes, Dr. R. W., 403.
Gilman, Charles, 438.
Gibbons, Dr. H., 304.
Gistl, Dr. J., 117.
Grube, Prof. E., 433.
Haidinger, Wm., 189.
Hamilton, James M., 378.
Hartlaub, Dr. G., 325.
Hoy, Dr. Philo R., 404.
Kane, Hon. J. K., 438.

INDEX.

12.

Kennedy, Hon. J. P., 223.
Kennedy, Dr. H. W., 196.
Kirkbride, Dr. T., 172.
Kirtland, Prof. J. P., 117.
Lapham, J. P., 223.
Laporte, M., Sr., 125-
Lawson, Thomas, U. S. A., 51.
Lea, Isaac, 325.
Lepsius, Prof., 118.
Marsh, Dexter, 195.
Maury, Lieut. U. S. N., 304.
Marston, Com'r. U. S. N., 433.
McCluney, Capt. U. S. N., 59.
Merrick, S. V., 37S.
Miller, Jacob S., 304,
Moore, Wm. E., 433.
Ord, George, 1.
Paine, Dr. Martyn, 172.
Peale, T. R., 1.

Perry, Commodore, U. S. N., 58.
Prescott, Wm. H., 58.
Potter, Rt. Rev. Alonzo, 196.
Ravenel, H. W., 323.
Retzius, Prof. A., 71.
Sheafer, P. W., 323.
Shumard, Dr. B. F., 1.
Troschel, Dr. F. H., 56.
Tschudi, Dr. J. J., 434.
Wagner, Dr. 433.
Webber, Dr. Samuel, 51, 433.
Wood, Richard D., 375.
Letters from Societies, &c.

Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum, 192,

240, 303, 433.
Acad, of Sciences, Belles Lettres,

&c., of Lyons, 375.
Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, 195.
Agricultural Soc of Lyons, 375.
Albany Institute, 240.
Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences,

107, 325.
Amer. Philosoph. Soc, 1, 51, 117,

147, 240, 323,326, 395, 433.
Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 189.
British Museum, 53, 105, 189.
Ecole des Mines, 303.
Faculty of Harvard University, 53.
Geological Soc. of London, 34, 107,

223.
Geolog. Soc. of Germany, 403.
Historical Soc. of Penna., 315, 404,

435.
Imperial Geolog. Institute of Vienna,

323, 435.
Leeds Literary & Philosoph. Society,

172.
Linnean Soc. of London, 51, 124.
Linnean Soc. of Lyons, 375.
Lyceum of Nat. History of N. York,

58, 316, 403.

Manchester Library & Museum, 172.

Naturwissen. Verein in Hamburg,
172.

Naturwissen. Verein in Halle, 195.

New York State Library, 1, 34, 72,
107, 147, 172, 196, 240, 323, 325,
395, 403.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Brussels, 59,
324.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Naples, 56,
325.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Stockholm,
34, 303, 435.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Vienna, 56,
189, 323,433, 435.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Amsterdam,
303, 381.

Royal Bavarian Academy, 379, 433,
437.

Royal Asiatic Soc. of London, 240.

Royal Geograph. Soc. of London, 241.

Royal Geograph. Institute of Vienna,
435.

Royal Mineralog. Society of St. Pe-
tersburg, 403.

Royal Soc. of Sciences of Liege, 172.

Smithsonian Institution, 51, 71, 107,
225, 303, 323,434.

Theological Society of London, 172.

Troy, (N. Y.) Young Men's Associ-
ation, 303.

Wurtemburg Soc. of Sciences, 324,
433.

Zoological and Botanical Soc. of Vi-
enna, 437.
Le Vaillant, Gen., don. to mus., xxxv.
Lewis, Dr. F. W., don. to mus., Iviii.
Lewis, Dr, Samuel, don. to mus., xliv.
Librarian, Report of for 1852, 216; for

1853,455.
Linnean Society of London, don. to lib.,

xxxiii., Ixxvi.
Linnean Soc. of Lyons, don. to lib.,

Ixix-
Lyceum of Nat. History of New York,

don. to lib., xxxii., xxxvi., Ixvii.,

Ixx., Ixxiii.
Lyell, Sir Charles, don. to lib., xxxix.
Lynch, Commander W. F., don. to lib.,

xxxii.

Mantell, Gideon A., don. to lib., xxxii.
Marston, Capt., U. S. N., don. to mus.,

Ixxiv.
Maury, Lieut. M. F., observations on

atmospheric pressure, 313.
Maximilian, Prince de Wied, don. to

lib., xiii., Ixix.

X.

INDEX.

McAndrew, Mr., don.' to mus., viii.j

XXXV.

McCall, Col. G. A., don. to mus.,xliv.,

Ixiv. ; on Carpodacus familiaris, &c.,

61.
McEuen, Dr. Thomas, announcement

by, of decease of J. Price Wetherill,

376.
Mears, James, don. to mus., Ixiv.
Meigs, Dr. C D., don to mus., xvi.,

Ixiv.; don. to lib., Ixx.; remarks on

the structure of the uterus of the Por-
poise, 316.
Members elected :

Agnew, Wm. G. E., 324.

Allen, J. M., M. D., 70.

Ashhurst, Lewis R., 324.

Benton, Dr. Charles C, 322.

Biddle, Henry J., 146.

Biddle, Dr. John B., 458-

Biddle, Thomas, 324.

BischofF, Dr. G., 124.

Boiler, Henry J., 70.

Booth, Prof. J. C, 171.

Brown, David S., 324.

Brown, John A. 324.

Brown, Joseph D., 324.

Budd, Dr. C. H., 56.

Buckley, Edward S., 105.

Bullitt, John C, 376.'

Camac, Dr. Wm., 70.

Claghorn, James L., 124.

Collet, Dr. M. W., 171.

Collins, Percival, 403.

Corse, Dr. James M., 195.

Cresson, Prof. J. C, 322.

Da Costa, Dr. J., 50.

Draper, Edmund, 324.

Dunglison, Dr. R., 239.

Darand, Elias, 70.

Ducachet, Rev. Dr., 70.

Edwards^ Amory, 56.

Emerson, Dr. G., 394.

Fahnestock, G. W., 146.

Farnum, John, 324.

Fisher, Charles Henry, 324.

Fisher, J. Francis, 324.

Gardette, Dr. E. B., 324.

Genth, Dr. F. A., 70.

Graff, Frederick, 324.

Greene, Dr. F. A., 171.

Grigg, John, 324.

Griffith, R. E., 171.

Hallo well, Morris L., 324.

Hanson, H. Cooper, 302.

Hewson, Dr. Addinell, 239.

Hopkinson, Dr, Joseph, 50.

Hutchinson, J. Pemberton, 324.

Jeanes, Joseph, 324.

Keim, George M., 124.

Lang, Dr. Edmund, 322.

Lea, Joseph, 116.

Lea, Thomas T., 324.

Lesley, Peter, 373.

Lewis, A. J., 324.

Lippincott, Joshua B,, 373.

Lo^an, Dr. J. Dickinson, 315.

Meigs, Dr. J. Aitken, 70.

Meigs, Dr. J. F., 70.

Mercer, Singleton A., 324.

Merrick, Samuel V., 324.

Meyers, John B., 324.

Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, 403.

Morris, Jacob G., 70.

Page, Dr. Wm. B., 322.

Pepper, Henry, 324.

Phillips, Dr. Dinwiddle B., 188.

Piatt, William. 324.

Price, Richard', 324.

Remington, Thomas P., 324.

Sanderson, Edward F., 403.

Schaffirt, F., 315.

Seal, Thomas F., 105.

Sequard, Dr. E. Brown, 146.

Sharpless, Caspar W., 30.

Sheafer, P. W., ^15.

Struthers, William, 50.

Swift, Joseph, 324.

Taggart, Dr. Wm. H., 322.

Tingley, Dr. H., 116.

Trautwine, J. C, 70.

Welsh, William, 324.

Whelen, Edward S., 373.

Wood, Richard D., 324.

Wythes, Rev. Joseph H., 437.

Yeager, George, 70.
Merrick, John, don. to lib., xi. ; don.

to mus., Ixxiv.
Mitchell, Dr. J. K., don. to lib., ii.
Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, on the influence

of some states of Respiration on the

Pulse, 435.
Moore, Isaac W., don. to mus., viii.
Morris, Miss M., don. to mus., Ixviii.
Morton, Mrs. Dr., don. to mus., i.
Morton, Dr. T. G., don. to lib., Ixii.

Naturwissenschaftliche Verein in Ham-
burg, don. to lib., xlii.

Naturwissen. Verein in Halle, don. to
lib., 1.

Newcomb, Dr. W., don. to lib., Ixviii.

Norris, 0. A., don. to mus., Ixxiv.

Officers for 1853,221 ; do. for 1854,458.
Oliver, Dr. Geo. P., don. to mus., xliv.

INDEX.

XI.

Owen, Dr. D. D., don. to mus., xxvii.,
xliv. ; don. to lib., liv. ; remarks on
human foot prints in limestone, 106 ;
notice of a new mineral from Cali-
fornia, 108; remarks on Fusilina lime-
stone and Tutenmergel, US ; remarks
on his geological map of Wisconsin,
Iowa and Minnesota, 189 ; communi-
cation in relation to his description
of a supposed new Earth, 379.

Ord, George, don. to lib., ix., xix.,
xxii., xxviii., lix., Ixiv.

Page, Geo. W., don. to mus., Ixiv.

Paine, Dr. Martyn, don. to lib., xl.

Pearsall, Robert, don. to mus., vii.

Peirce, Jacob, reference to a Hybrid
between the Peacock and Guinea
Fowl, 50.

Penna. Farm Journal, don. of, by Edi-
tors, ii., ix., xi., xiv.

Perley, M. H., don. to lib., xxxiii.

Peterson, R. E., don. to mus., xxviii.

Phillips, John, don. to mus., viii., Ixxv.

Piddington, Henry, don. to lib., lix.

Powel, Samuel, don. to mus.,. vii.,
xxxvi., Ixxiv.

Prescott, Wm. H., don. to lib., xiv.

Proceedings, Committee on. Report by,
219.

Publication Committee, Reports by, 28,
238 ; announcement by, of publication
of Part 2, Vol. 2, new series of
Journal, 29 ; do. of Part 3, 225 ; don.
to lib., vi.

Quetelet, M. A., don. to lib., xv.

Rand, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., xxvii.,
Ixiv., Ixviii. ; don. to lib., Iv., Ixvii.

Ravenel, H. W., don. to mus., Ixviii. ;
don. to lib., Ixvi.

Read, Dr. M. C., Catalogue of the Birds
of Northern Ohio, 395.

Recording Secretary, Report of for 1851,
28; do. for 1852, 214 ; do. for 1853,
453.

Regents of the University of State of
New York; don. to lib., Ixi., Ixix.,
Ixx.

Reports of Committees : on Dr. Leidy's
paper on the Hippopotamus, 70 ; on
Mr. Lea's description of a fossil Sau-
rian from the new Red Sandstone of

Penna., and on some new fossil Mol-
luscs, &c., 105; on Dr. Le Conte's
Synopsis of genus Pterostichus, 116 ;
on Dr. Owen's description of a new
Mineral and a new Earth, 3 ; on Dr.
Heermann's notices of California
Birds, 197 ; on a paper by the Rev.
Drs. Berkeley and Curtis, on the
Exotic Fungi from the Schweinitzian
Herbarium, 302 ; on Mr. Conrad's
description of a new species of Unio,
316 ; on Mr. Girard's " Researches on
Nemerteans and Planarians, 435 ; on
Dr. Leidy's description of Bathyg-
nathus borealis, 448; on Mr. Conrad's
Monograph of Argonauta, &c., 448.
RepoTt of Committee appointed to con-
fer with Dr. Kane on the subject of
his proposed American Arctic Expe-
dition, 196.
Report of Committee appointed to col-
lect subscriptions for enlarging the
Hall, 238.
Report of Committee appointed to pro-
cure funds for the purchase of the
Anatomical Collection of the late Dr.
S. G. Morton, 321.
Resolutions ; to present a copy of the
Proceedings to Dr. H. A. Ford, of
Liberia, 55 ; to appoint a committee
to communicate with Com. Perry in
relation to making collections in In-
dia by the U. S. Expedition, 55 ; of
thanks to Major Le Conte for his Her-
barium of N. A. Plants, 58 ; inviting
the State Medical Society to visit the
Museum, 105 ; giving to subscribers
of SlOO, and upwards, to the fund for
enlarging the Hall, the right during
life to visit the collections and give
orders of admission to JNIuseum, 28 ;
directing the income from the Stott
legacy to be applied to the Journal
fund, 30: in reference to Dr. Rusch-
enberger's "Notice of the Academy,"
33 ; appointing a Committee to confer
with Dr. Kane in relation to his pro-
posed Arctic Expedition, 196 ; urging
upon Congress an appropriation for
the geological survey of Oregon and
the Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska,
239; directing a special meeting of
the Academy to consider the expedi-
ency of erecting a new Hall, 321 ; in
relation to latter, 323 ; of thanks to
Chas. Henry Fisher and Thos. Biddle,
325; of thanks to W. S. Vaux, Dr.
CD. Meigs and John Cooke, 324 ;
in reference to the decease of J. Price
Wetherill,376 ; granting the privilege

Xil.

INDEX.

of endorsing tickets of admission to

Museum to Mrs. Maria K. Wetherill,

457.
Retzius, Prof. A., don. to lib., xix.
Richardson, Dr. John, don. to lib., xix.
Riddell, Dr. J. L., don. to lib._, xxxii.
Roberts, Percival, don. to mus., viii.
Robinson, John, don. to mus., xxvii.
Robinson, Ludlow, don. to mu.,xxviii.
Royal Acad, of Sciences of Brussels,

don. to lib., xv., Ixvi.
Royal Acad, of Sci. of Liege, don. to

lib., Ixxvii.
Royal Acad, of Sci. of Madrid, don. to

lib., Ixx.
Royal Acad of Sci. of Stockholm, don.

to lib., lix.
Royal Acad, of Sci. of Vienna, don. to

lib., xiii., xlv.
Royal Bavarian Academy, don. to lib.,

Ixix., Ixxi., Ixxvi.
Royal Mineralog. Soc. of St. Peters-
burg, Ixxiii.
Royal Saxon Soc. of Sciences, don. to

lib., Ixxvii.
Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, don. to lib.,

vi., Ixxv.
Ruschenberger, Dr. W. S., " Notice of

the Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philada.," read

by, 33 ; don. to mus., i.. xliv., liii.,

Ixx.

Say, Mrs. Lucy W., don. to mus., xxvii.
Saussure, H. F. de, don. to lib., Ivi.
Senseny, Dr., don. to mus., xliv.
Sergeant, J. D., don. to mus., viii., xliv.
Sharpless, Dr., don. to mus., i.
Sheafer, P. W;, don. to lib., xlii.
Shumard, Dr.. don. to mus., xxxvi.
Silliman's Journal, don. of, by Editors,

ii., ix., xviii., xxviii.. xxxvi., xlv.,

liii., Ix., Ixiv., Ixix.,* Ixxii., Ixxvi.
Smith, Aubrey H., don. to mus., xvii.,

xxxvi.
Smith, Charles E., don. to mus., xxxv.,

don. to lib., xviii., xlvi., Ixiii.
Smithsonian Institution, don. to mus.,

Ixxiv. ; don. to lib., xxviii., Ivi., lix.,

Ixii., Ixviii., Ixix.
Societe d'Agriculture du Bas-Canada,

don. to lib., vii., ix., xiv., xxii.,

xxviii., xxxii., xxxix., liii.
Society of Arts, &c., of London, don. to

lib., Ixiii., Ixv., Ixvii., Ixix., Ixx.,

Ixxvi., Ixxviii., Ixxx.
Societe de Physique et d'Hist. Nat. de

Geneve, don. to lib., xlvi.
Societe des Sciences de Neufchatel, don.

to lib., Ixvi.

Societe Nat. des Sciences de Lille, don.

to lib., xxxu.
Societe Nationale d'Agriculture, &c.,

de Lyon, don. to lib.; Ixix.
Societa Reale Borbonica Academia delle

Scienze, don. to lib., Ixvji.
Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege,

don. to lib., xlii.
Spackman, Dr. Geo., don. to mus.,

xxxv.
Squier, E. Geo. don. to lib., xlvi.
Stansbury, Capt. How^ard, don. to lib.,

xxxiv.
Stev^^ardson, Dr. T., don. to mus., xvii.
Storer, Dr. D. H., don. lo lib., Ixvi.
Strickland, H. E., don. to lib., xxiv.,

xxxviii., xlix.
Struthers, Wm., don. to mus., xvii.

Taylor, J., don. to mus., liii.
Thomas. Dr. R. P., don. to mus., Ixxii.
Trautwine, J. C, don. to mus., xliv.
Troschel, Dr. F. H., don. to lib., xiv.,

Ixvi.
Trustees of New York State Library,

don. to lib., xxiii., Ixi.
Tschudi, Dr. J. J., don. to lib., Ixxvii.,
Tuomey, M., description of fossil shells

from the Tertiary of the Southern

States, 192.
Turnbull, Dr. L., don. to lib., xlv.

Updegraff, Dr. J. J., don. to mus., vii.
U. S. Departments, don. to mus., xxxv.,

Ix., Ixxiii., Ixxviii.; don. to lib.,

xxii., xxviii.

Vaux, William S., don. to mus., xxxvi.,

Ixviii.
Verreaux, M. Jules, don. to mus., viii.,

xxxv.
Virginia Med. and Surg. Journal, don.

of, by Editors, Ixvii., Ixix., Ixxi.,

Ixxii., Ixxiii., Ixxviii.

Warren, Dr. J. C, don., to mus., Ixxv.
Watmough, J. H., U. S. N., don. to

mus., xxxvi.
Watson, J. G., don. to mus., xvi.
Watson, Dr. G., don. to mus., xxvii.,

liii., lix., Ixviii., Ixxv.
Watson, Lieut., U. S. N.,don. to mus.,

lix.

INDEX.

Xlll.

Webber, Dr. Samuel, note from, accom-
panying fresh water fishes containing
nodular bodies embedded in the fins
and tail, 118 ; don. to mus., Ixxii.

Wells, D. A., don. to lib., xvii.

Western Acad. Nat. Sciences, don. to
lib., Ivi.

Wetherill, J. Price, don. to mus. i. ; an-
nouncement of decease of by Dr. Mc-
Euen, 376,

Wetherill, Dr. Charles M.,don. to mus.,
xxvii. ; don, to lib., Ixvi., Ixix.,
Ixxvii. ; examination of Molybdate of
Lead from Phcenixville, Pa., 55, 119;
Chem. investigation of the Honey
Ant, 111; Chemical examination of
the food of the Queen Bee, 119; ana-
lysis of the Cotton Plant and Seed,
by T. L. Sumner, communicated by
Dr. Wetherill, 212 ; remarks on iron
crystallized from slag, 434.

Wheatley, Chas. M., don. to mus.,
xxxvi., liii., lix.

Whitall, Mrs. M., don. to lib., xl.

Williams, Henry J., don. to lib., Ixviii.

Wilson, Dr. T. B., don. to mus., i., vii..

viu., xxxvi., xliv., Ixviii.
lib., ii.,iii.

don. to

VI., Vll., IX., X., XI., XIV.,

XV., xvi., xviii., xix., xxii,, xxiii.
xxiv., xxviii., xxxi;, xxxii., xxxiii.,
xxxvi., xxxvii., xxxviii., xxxix., xli.,
xlii., xlv., xlvii., xlviii., xlix., li.,
liv., Iv., Ivi., Iviii., lix., Ixi., Ixii.,
Ixiii., Ixv. Ixvi., Ixvii., Ixix., Ixx.,
Ixxi., Ixxii., Ixxiii., Ixxvi., Ixxvii.,
Ixxviii.
Wilson, Edward, don. to mus., xxvii.,
xxviii., XXXV., xxxvi., xliv. ; don. to
lib., ii. , iii., iv., v., vi., xi., xii., xiii.,
xviii., xix., xx., xxi. xxii., xxiv.,

XXV, xxvi., xxvii., xxviii., xxix.,
xxx., xxxi., xxxiii., xxxiv., xxxv.,
xxxvii., xxxviii., xxxix., xl., xli..
xlii., xliii., xlv., xlvi., xlvii., xlviii.,
xlix., 1., li., Iii., liii., liv., Iv., Ivi.,
Ivii., Iviii., lix., Ixi., Ixii., Ixiii., Ixv.,
Ixvi., Ixx., Ixxi., Ixxiii., Ixxiv.

Winthrop, Mr., don. to mus., Ixviii.

Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Society, don. to
mus., Ixxv.

Wistar, Dr. Caspar, don. to mus. i.

Wood, Prof. Geo. B., don. to lib., Ix.

Wood, Wm., don. to mus., xvi., liii.,
Iviii., lix.

Woodhouse, Dr. Samuel W., don to
mus.,viii., xxvii., xliv. ; on new spe-
cies of Vireo and Zonotrichia, 60 ;
description of a new species of Ecto-
pistes, 104; description of a new spe-
cies of Sciurus, 110 ; description of a
new species of Numenius, 194; des-
cription of a new species of Perog-
nathus, 200 ; description of a new
species of Geomys, 201 ; description
of a new species of Struthus, 202 ;
change of name of Sciurus dorsalis to
S. Aberti, 220 ; description of a new
species of Hesperomys, 242.

Wurtemberg Society of Sciences, don.
to lib.. Ixvi., Ixxvi.

Yarnall, Ellis, Jr., don. to mus., ixxii.

Zoological and Botanical Society of Vi-
enna, don. to lib., Ixxviii.

ERRATA IN VOL. YL

Page 2, line 4 from bottom, for of read and.

3, *^ 13 " top, for Cretacean read Cetacean.
33, " 13 and 20 from bottom, for Nipongue read Mpongue.
36, " 26 from top, for rmdeniable read U7ide7iiably .
40, " 19 " bottom, for interstialis read inter stitialis.

45, '' 5 <' top, for thorace read thorax.

46, *' 18 " bottom, for simplicihus read fulcrantibus.
48, in division (5) of Eucnemis, for serratce read i^ectinatce.
66, " 10 from top, for is read are.

114, " 2 " bottom, for /z^/rii- read //t;z<5.
141, " 9 " bottom, for ^e?ierz<5 read o-e?A=y.

149, in note (f) for /r read far.

150, the three lines of the diagnosis of Cephennium corporosum have lost
the initial letters : to the first add 1, to the second >7, to the third a.

171, line 2 from bottom, for Africa xe's.d America.
174, "22 " top, for inferior read anterior.

180, for Hoinolosaurus read Homalosaurus.

181, for Pituophis read Pityophis.
229, line 21 from top, for Anchytursus read Anchytarsus.

a a 40 (( top, for picea read hrunne^ts.

231, after Tostegoptera, for Edwards read Blanchard.

241, line 15 from top, for Enbradys read Eubradys.

30-3, line 13 from top, for 1859 read 1849.

327, " 31 " top, for Iceniata read t<sniata.

329, " 22 " top, for pawns read parvulns, vide p. 414.
c <' 26 " top, for Pe;-7J read 7fer7i.

337, <^' 31 " top, for Fauna read Faunas.

368, " 12 " top, for Traunfeld read Fraunfeld.
a a 29 " top, for truncates read truncatus.

311, top line, for read c??/;?.

376, line 17 from bottom, for Prisidon read Prisodon.

403, " 2 " bottom, for Lyce^im read State Library,

439, '< 17 " bottom, for Agryppus read Agrypnus.

454, " 9 < bottom, for EndomochydcB read Endomychidce.
Ixviii, line 22 from bottom, add Mr. T. A. Conrad,
Ixxiv, line 17 from top, for Vorselemque read Vorlesnngen.

The following omissions of donations to the Library, Augugt 10th, 1852, oc-
curred at page xxxiii :

Description of a Skeleton of the Mastodon giganteus, of North America. By-
John C. Warren, M. D. 4to. From the Author.

Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah. By
Howard Stansbury, Capt. U. S. Topograph. Eng. 8vo. and map. From Col. J.
J. Abert.

Experimental Researches in Electricity, 29th series. By Michael Faraday,
Esq. From the Author.

On the Physical Character of the Lines of Magnetic Force. By Michael Far-
aday, Esq. From the Author.

Zoology of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, (extracted from Capt. Stansbury's
Report.) From Prof. S. F. Baird.

Geognostische Wanderungen im Gebiete der nordostlichen Alpen. Von Carl
Ehrlich. From the Author.

Ueber die nordostlichen Alpen. Von Cafl Ehrlich. From the Author.

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

ACADEMYOF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

January Qthf 1852.
The President, Mr. George Ord, in the Chair.

Letters were read :

^ From Dr. Benjamin F. Shumard, dated Oregon City, Nov. 18th, 1851,
giving a brief account of his geological observations in Oregon Territory.

From the Secretary of the American Philosophical Society, dated
Philadelphia, Dec. 19th, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of various Nos.
of Vols. 4 and 5 of the Proceedings, furnished by request to complete the
series of the same in the Library of that Society.

From the Secretary of the Trustees of the New York State Library,
dated Albany, Dec. 26th, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of late Nos.
of the Proceedings, &c.

From T. R. Peale Esq., dated Washington, D. C, Dec. 26th, 1851,
suggesting the propriety of taking measures at this time to dispose of the
collection of French Political Documents belonging to the Academy, to
Congress.

From George Ord, Esq., dated Philadelphia, Jan. 1st, 1852, presenting
his acknowledgments for his election as President of the Institution.
I Dr. Leidy read a continuation of Mr. Dana's paper on the Crustacea
of the late U. S. Exploring Expedition, which was on motion referred to
the Committee on the former portions of the paper.

Dr. Leconte read a paper entitled '* Notice of fossil Dicotyles from
Missouri," and also a *' Notice of some fossil Pachyderms from Illinois;
both of which being intended for publication in the Proceedings, were
referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Carson and Mr. Moss.

Dr. Leidy read the following remarks by Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N.,
on the influence of Sulphuretted Hydrogen arising from the bottom of
the Bay of Callao on the fishes in its waters :

'* One occurrence always excited much interest, whenever there was an evolu-
tion of sulpho-hydric acid gas (a frequent occurrence) from the bottom ol the
Bay of Callao. The first premonition of what was to produce a remarkable

raOCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. Or PHILADELPHIA. VOL. VI. NO. I. 1

2 [January,

destruction among fish, was the discoloration of the water of the bay, from a
marine green to a dirty milk-white hue, followed by a decided odor of the gas;
so much of it being present on many occasions as directly to blacken a clean piece
of silver, and to blacken paint work in a few hours.

The fish, during this evolution, rose in vast numbers from the bottom; and after
struggling for sometime in convulsions upon the surface, died.

I was particularly struck by this fact, that all of them during the time that they
were under its influence, acted in precisely the same manner. The first thing
noticeable with regard to its effect upon them, was that on coming near the surface,
they seemed to have much difficulty in remaining below it at all. They then
rose completely to the surface, struggling vainly to dive beneath. This was
followed by violent springing and darting in various directions evidently with-
out control of direction for they moved sideways, or upon the back, and some-
times tail first, with great velocity. After a little time their motion became
circular, and upon the back, the circle of gyration constantly diminishing, and the
rapidity of the motion as constantly increasing, until there was a sudden cessation
of all motion. The head then floated about the surface, the body being in a perpen-
dicular position. A few convulsive movements shortly followed, and they were
dead.

I have watched thousands of them so dying ; and in every instance such was the
mode of death. Having taken them at the moment of death and immediately after,
a rude examination showed in all the same appearances. The intestines and brain
were gorged with blood, much darker than natural. The gills were almost black, and
the air-bladder ruptured. A premonitory symptom that such destruction was about
to occur, was the previous appearance of unaccountable numbers of fishing-birds,
especially of the Pelicans. On one occasion, taking the known size of the Island
of San Lorenzo as a guide for measurement, we concluded that there was a body
of Pelicans 5 miles long, one mile wide, and 300 feet thick, filling the water and
air as closely as possibly they could do. How many were there ? Can we wonder
at the size of guano deposits ?''

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to a fossil tooth and a
fragment of a second, from the collection made by Mr. Culbertson in
Nebraska Territory, which, he observed, belonged to a new species of
Rhinoceros, or probably Acerotherium. The former specimen is proba-
bly a third premolar, the latter a portion of the fourth. A great pecu-
liarity in the teeth is the confluence of the inner lobes with each other,
and their separation to the base from the outer lobes. They possess a
remarkably strong basal ridge, and indicate an animal larger than any
species of existing Rhinoceros : the greatest transverse diameter of the
third premolar being 2^ inches; its antero-posterior diameter If inches.
For the species the name Rhinoceros Americanus is proposed.

Dr. Leidy also called the attention of thv9 members to the fine mounted
specimen of Polar Bear now in the Hall, the skin of which had been
lately presented by Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N.

On motion of Dr, Fisher, the letter of Mr. Peale, read this evening,
was referred to the Library Committee, with power to act.

Dr. Fisher announced that the collection of fossil foot-prints of Fishes,
belonging to Mr. Dexter Marsh, of Greenfield, Mass., was for sale.

On motion of Mr. Moss, the suggestions contained in the Report of
the Librarian for 1851, were referred to the Library Committee.

1852.]

January \^tli.
Vice-President Wetherill in the Chair.

Dr. Leidy presented an additional portion of Mr. Dana's communica-
tion on the Crustacea of the hite American Exploring Expedition ; which
was referred as before to the original Committee.

Mr. Wetherill stated that the Phosphate of Lime, a specimen of which
lie presented this evening, was being much used for agricultural pur-
poses, after being decomposed by the action of sulphuric acid.

Mr. Wetherill also stated that the Adipocire, also presented this even-
ing, was the result of decomposition of the bodies of a number of sheep,
which had been buried fifteen years since in a wet soil, on a farm in an
adjoining county.

Dr. Leidy, referring to the Ctetacean remains characterized by him
at the meeting of December 9th, remarked that they were the first relics
of Mammals that have been found in the Cretaceous Group.

On leave granted, the Committee to which was referred Dr. D. D.
Owen's paper describing a new Mineral and a new Earth, presented a
report, recommending the same for publication in the forthcoming No.
of the Journal, which was adopted.

January 27th.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

The Committee, to which was referred the following papers of Dr.
Le Conte, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Notes on some Fossil Suillne Pachyderms from Illinois.
By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

DiCOTYLES DEPRESSTFRONS.

Hyops depressifrons Lee. Am. Journ. Sc. 2d series, Vol. 5, 103 (1848.)

After a careful comparison of the fragments of this animal with Dicotyles
torquatus, I have come to the conclusion that the differences are by no means
of such a nature as to admit of the formation of a peculiar genus.

The differences in the cranium which distinguish this animal from D. torquatus
are : 1st, the greater depression of the front ; 2d, the greater expansion and less
sudden declivity of the malar plates ; 3d, the less convex nasal bones. In con-
sequence of this last character, the groove running forward from the frontal
foramen is more or less superior in its whole extent and never lateral, as in the
anterior part of the head of D. torquatus.

The lower part of the skull and the anterior part of the nose are broken away,
so that no teeth remain in the fragment.

Accompanying this fragment are four teeth from the upper jaw, which differ
from the corresponding teeth of Platygonus compressus Lee., from the same
locality, by having the transverse ridges more distinctly connected with the
basal margin ; this is especially the case at the posterior margin ; the ridges also
show a tendency to unite together, and thus the transverse valley is rendered a
little narrower than in Platygonus. In all these points the teeth agree exactly
with Dicotyles torquatus, and on a careful comparison nothing worthy of notice,
even as a specific difference, could be detected. A part of the socket of the left
superior canine, with the adjoining portion of the palatal plate, shows no differ-
ence on comparison with D. torquatus.

4 [January,

The base of the inferior left canine was found in its socket ; the remainder was
found broken; the fragments were put together so as to make almost a complete
tooth, which presents no specific characters of any importance ; the anterior
margin is more rounded than in D. torquatus, and the grooves on the posterior,
external, and internal faces of the fang are deeper ; the young of D. torquatus
in the depth of the grooves agrees perfectly with our fossil, which, however,
from the wearing of the tooth, must have been an adult.

The condyloid process of the right lower jaw was found broken off just below
the neck; in comparison with D. torquatus, it is less concave in its external out-
line, and there is a slight depression externally just below the end of the articular
surface ; the posterior face a little below the articular part is more compressed
and less flattened than in D. torquatus.

The inferior extremity of the humerus is perforated ; the articular faces are in
no respect different from those of D. torquatus.

The same is the case with the innominatum and the femur.

Of the left posterior foot is preserved the calcaneum, the outer metatarsal, the
first and second phalanges of the outer toe and the first phalanx of the inner toe ;
all these bones completely resemble the corresponding parts of D. torquatus.

As compared with Platygonus compressus, the calcaneum shows important
characters, which may be used in separating the bones of these animals, if they
should again be found mixed together.

In Platygonus the astragalian face is not distinctly defined at its supero-external
part, but is confluent with the depression existing in that part of the bone
behind the fibular process.

In Sus and Dicotyles this face is distinctly separated from the valley between
the two processes, and the inferior part of the astragalian process is much less
thickened than in Platygonus ; the whole bone is more slender and less flattened
than in Platygonus.

My reasons for considering the cuboides figured by me* as belonging to Platy-
gonus, are as follows :

From teeth there was evidence of two specimens of Platygonus of different
ages; portions of three calcaneal bones of the left side were found, two of which
were precisely similar ; the third is the one here mentioned as belonging to
Dicotyles. The larger of the two similar bones fitted perfectly with the ex-
tremity of a tibia, an astragalus and a cuboides forming a considerable portion
of the tarsus ; to this cuboides, however, the metatarsal bone above described
cannot be adapted.

This will be the proper place for correcting an important error in the memoir
on Platygonus already quoted: on page 270, pi. 4, figs. 23 and 24, is represented
what was considered the iywier metatarsal. On comparison this bone is found to
correspond accurately with the inner right metacarpal of Dicotyles ; there are
two specimens of this bone, differing slightly in size, and the smaller one of
which has lost its lower extremity, and evidently belonged to a young animal.
We have therefore the same reason to refer this to Platygonus as the tarsal bones
above mentioned.

I should also notice here, that the superior canines of very young Dicotyles
resemble very closely those of Platygonus, but are not so much compressed, and
have only a single angulated line at the anterior part of the base of the tooth.

On account of the very strong resemblance between the dentition of Platygonus
and Dicotyles, I am inclined to consider the former as rather Suiline than Tapi-
roid in its affinities; the undulated outline of the lower jaw in the Dicotyles
group, reaches its maximum in the great dilatation of the angle of the jaw in
Platygonus ; the compression of the canines is carried to a greater decree than in
any other genus, and the molar structure is reduced to the simplest Pachydermal
form by the absence of all accessary tubercles.

The dimensions of the fragments of Dicotyles depressifrons indicate an animal

w- _ -- 1

* Memoirs Am. Acad- of Science and Arts, New Series, Vol. 3, pi. 4, figs. 25,26.

1852.]

5

a little larger than the adult D. torquatus ; the only measurements that can be
given are the following, in English inches :

Distance between the frontal foramina 1'2.

Third premolar : lateral diameter -45 : antero-posterior diameter '4.

Fourth premolar: lateral diameter '46 : antero-posterior diameter '5.

First molar: lateral diameter 55 ; antero-posterior diameter '63.

Inferior canine : length 3'75 ; posterior breadth '48 ; radius of curvature 2*75.

Humerus: diameter of inferior extremity 1-52; breadth of larger articular groove,
.75 ; smaller groove '4 ; least distance from lower margin of larger groove to fora-
men 67.

Innominatum : diameter of acetabulum 1-2; least breadth of ilium 1"0.

Femur: length 6*85 ; from fovea on head,toextremity of trochanter major 1*72;
breadth of tibial articular groove anteriorly '8 ; transverse diameter of condyles
posteriorly 1'55.

Metatarsal: length 2*87; of inferior articular surfaces, lateral diameter 46;
antero-posterior diameter '57 ; length of first phalanx 1-25; second phalanx '95.

Calcaneum : length 2*45: greatest breadth 1'12; from fibular to apical process "91.

Condyle of lower jaw ; breadth 1*2 ; antero-posterior diameter of articular
surface 6.

Protochcerus prismaticus Lee. Am. Journ. Sc. 2nd series 5.105.

To the description of the teeth of this animal, I have only to add that the fang
of the canine is very similar to that of Sus babiroussa ; the posterior molar bears
considerable resemblance to that of Sus babiroussa, as represented by Blainville,
(plate VIII.) although the student will fail to find the resemblance in nature. The
Anthracotherium tooth figured in Owen's Odontography, with which I formerly
compared this tooth, differs in having the lobes connected by an elevated ridge.

The dimensions of the teeth are as follows, and indicate an animal smaller than
a Peccary.

Inferior canine : length of worn surface 1*35 ; breadth -3 ; radius of curvature of
posterior face and margin 2*46.

First inferior molar : lateral diameter '39 ; antero-posterior diameter '52.

Last inferior molar : breadth '5, from posterior lobe to middle lobe '26; to
summit of anterior lobe '58,

Notice of a fossil Dicotyles from Missoiiri.
By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

The Tooth which forms the subject of this communication, was found with
some mastodon bones in Benton County, Missouri, and was presented to me by
Dr. R. W. Gibbes.

It is a right lower canine, wanting the fang, and attached to a small piece of
jaw, containing alveoli of three incisors.

The tooth has precisely the same direction as in D. torquatus, but is somewhat
less compressed ; the anterior edge is very acute ; on the part of the fang which
remains, no vestige of external and internal grooves exists ; the posterior groove
is well marked as in D. torquatus; on the outer surface of the tooth, nearer the
posterior than the anterior margin is an elevated ridge, acute at summit, which
extends along the whole of the enamelled part of the tooth. This character is not
to be found in T). torquatus ; the very obsolete elevation which exists there being
a consequence of the continuation of the grooves impressed on the internal face of
the fang; I have also failed to discover a similar elevated line on the canine of any
species of Sus which has come under my observation.

As this seems to be a character of sufficient importance to separate the species
co-existent with the Mastodon, from any now living, 1 would give to it the name
ofDicotylescostatus.

Although there is no character in this canine to make a reference to Dicotyles
more certain than to Sus, yet as the latter genus has not been distinctly proved to

6 [Januahy,

have inhabited this continent, and as in the existing creation Dicotyles is the true
equivalent of Siis in Annerica, the probability of our very distinct fossil species
belonging to Dicotyles is much increased ; this probability is rendered almost
certain, when we consider that remains of true Dicotyles have been found in
Illinois in company with other singular forms, (Platygonus and Anomodon) which
by their great peculiarities would seem to indicate a period anterior to that of
the Mastodon.

The measurements of the canine are : length of enamelled surface along anterior
curvature 2-2 ; breadth of posterior surface -37 : radius of curvature of posterior
edge 2*0 ; of anterior edge 2*1.

The Committee to whicli was referred Mr, Dana's papers on the Crus-
tacea of the Exploring Expedition^ reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Conspectus Crvstaceorum^ ^c. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring
Expedition under Capt. Wilkes, U. S. N. By James D. Dana.

PAGURIDEA, continued; and Subtribe MEGALOPIDEA.
I. Paguridea, continued.

Among the species of the genus Pagurus, as restricted in my former paper on
the Paguridea, there are still three groups of distinct character ; one, having no
trace of a beak, the front being truncate, and also having the fingers opening in a
vertical plane, the hands being usually compressed, with commonly the left the
larger; a second, having a short beak or triangular point in front, and the fingers
opening like the preceding, with the hands subequal ; a third, having a beak like
the last, but the fingers opening in a horizontal plane, the hands being subequal
and more or less depressed, and never compressed. The first group has Pagiinis
punctulatics for its type; the second, P. a7iic7cl?is ; the third, P. clibanarius .
They form three genera with the following characters :

1. Pagurus. Frons non rostratus, truncatus. Manus anticae saepius com-
pressae, interdum subacquae, saspius sinistra majore, digitis apice cornels, in piano
vertical! claudentibus.

2. Aniculus, D. Frons triangulate rostratus. Manus anticae subaequae,
digitis apice cornels, in piano verticali claudentibus.

3. Clibanarius, D. Frons triangulate rostratus. Manus anticae subaequa?,
plus minusve depressae, digitis apice cornels, in piano horizontali claudentibus.
Species P. ceqrialis, zebra, Jmmilis, glohosi-mcouis, Clibanario pertinent.

The species Pagurus aniculus may hereafter be named Aniculus tyjdcris ; the
P. clibanarius, Cllhanarius vulgaris; and the P. Bernhardus, Bernhardus streh-
lonyx. The name Bernhardus pubescens, (see preceding volume, p. 270,) we
propose to change to B. scahricidus, as Kriiyer* has described a Pagurus pic-
hesceyiSf which is probably a Bernhardus.

Descriptiones Pagurideorum adhuc ineditce.

Bernhardus obesi-carpus. Frons medio prominulus, obtusus. Regie cara-
pacis antica paulo transversa, nudiuscula. Oculi crassi et perbreves, aciculo
longiores, squama basali ovata, subacuta, Integra. Antennae externa5 nudac,
basi multo longiore quam oculus, aciculo crasso, brevi, apicem articuli 3tii
attingente. Pedes toti fere nudi et granulosi, non armati ; antici ina^qui; manu
majore oblonga, convexa, symmetrica, granulis nitidis partim seriatis, carpo
multo crassiore, parce latiore. Pares 2di et 3tii crassiusculi, articulo 3tio supra

* Tidsk. ii, 25] , 252.

1852.] 7

scabri-rugato et breviter hirsute, tarso curvato, canaliculate. Hah. Valparaiso?
Long. 2".

Bernhardus .equimanus. Carapax sparsim pilosus, regione antica non ob-
longa, fronte ad medium angulato, vix rostrato. Oculi cylindrici, aciculum an-
teniialem longitudine aequantes, squama, basaliapice productaet 3 4-denticulata.
Antennarum externarum flagellum infra elongate ciliatum. Pedes superficie
granulati partim sparsim hirsuti, marginibus hirti ; antici aequi, mediocres, manu
breviter elliptica, parce latiore et longiore quam carpus, non costata, marginibus
subspinulosis, carpo supra subspinuloso et hirto. Pedum 4 sequentium tarsi
bene canaliculati, infra ciliati. Hab. Valparaiso. Lo7ig. U".

Bernhardus crimticornis. Frons medio parce angulatus. Regio carapacis
antica non transversa. Oculi mediocres, aciculo antennali paulo longiores,
squama basali apicem rotundata. Flagellum antennarum externarum infra crini-
tum non ciliatum. Pedes antici valde inaequi, nudiusculi, manu majore oblonga,
paulo longiore et latiore quam carpus, scabricula, spinulis subtilissimis 4 5-se-
riatis, margine inferiore fere recto, carpo minute spinuloso. Pedes 2di 3tii laxe
pubescentes, non spinulosi, tarso non canaliculato. Hab. portu "Rio Janeiro."
Long. 910'''.

Pagurus Etjopsis. -P. functulato affinis. Oculi fronte carapacis valde longi-
ores, crassiusculi. Flagellum antennarum externarum nudum, articulis versus
antennae extremitatem latere interno gibbosis ; aciculum parvulum. Pedes antici
sat inajqui, manu majore carpoque oblongis, extus spinulosis et hirsutis. Pedes
2di 3tii marginibus multo hirsuti, articulo 5to spinulis supra paulo armati, tarsis
totis subteretibus, undique divaricate hirsutis. Hab. ad insulam *'Upolu" et in
freto "Balabac.'' Long. 2k".

Clibanarius striolatus. Regio carapacis antica fere quadrata. Oculi
graciles, margine carapacis antico vix breviores, squama basali angusta, acu-
minata, bidentata. Pedes antici subaequi, manubus brevibus carpisque supra
spini-tuberculatis et pilosis, manu sinistra maris paulo majore. Pedes 2di 3tii
supra infraque paulo hirsuti, multis lineis brunneis longitudinalibus ornati, tarso
subterete, non breviore quam articulus penultimus, sinistro 3tii paris articulo
5to extus parce convexo, acie rectangulata superne instructo. Hab. insula
" Tongatabu," et archipelago " Viti." Long. 2'". Pagtcro lineato, Edvv. pro-
pinquus.

CiiiBANARius BBASiLiENsis. Regio carapacis antica paulo oblonga. Rostrum
bene triangulatum. Oculi gracillimi, margine carapacis antico non breviores,
squama basali valde truncata et brevissima, pilis longis, margine apicali transverso
instructa. Pedes antici aequi, manu dextra parce majore. Pedes 2di 3tiique
persparsim hirsuti, subnudi, tarso perbrevi, articulo 5to paris 3tii extus sub-
complanato, parce convexo, supra subcarinato. Pedes colore pauci-lineati.
Hab, portu "Rio Janeiro.'' Long. \\" .

Clibanarius globosi-raanus (Pag. globosi-manus, D.) P. corallino, Edw. adhuc
partim descripto an difFert? In specimine globosi-mani non attrita, pedes
2di 3tii marginibus hirsuti non nudiusculi. Clibanariis aliis totis nobis lectis
differt, supeficie externa articuli 5ti sinistri paris 3tii omnino hirsuta.

II. Megalopidea.

The question of the maturity or immaturity of the Megalopae and that of their
true place in the natural system, still remain in doubt. Without touching on
these points, at this time, I propose to describe some new genera and species
pertaining to the group.

The species, however diverse, agree in the structure of the abdomen and its
caudal appendages ; in the position of the four antennae beHvee/i the eyes ; in the
articulations of the outer antennas j in the inner antennas folded longitudinally or
obliquely either side of the beak ; in the general form of the outer maxillipeds ;
in the large size and lateral position of the eyes without orbits; in the general
structure of the legs ; and in their habits. The beak is either horizontal or

8 [January,

flexed downward, and has usually a sharp prominent tooth either side of it,
exterior to the inner antennae.

The genus Megalopa, Leach^ as now accepted, embraces two distinct sets of
species the M. Montagui and armata for which it was instituted by Leach,
and the M. mutica of Desmarest. The former (the true Megalopae) have the
beak nearly horizontal, with rarely a tooth either side, and there is a reflexed
spine on the ventral surface of the hrst joint of the 8 posterior legs. The latter
has the beak bent downward vertically, and either side of it there is a prominent
spine or tooth ; the ventral surface of the base of the legs is unarmed. The M.
mutica is very closely related to Monolepis spinitarsus of Say, the only differ-
ence being that the extremity of the posterior legs in this species of Monolepis
bear 3 or 4 setae rather longer than the tarsus, while the descriptions of the
mutica make mention of no such setae. The posterior legs in Monolepis fold up
and overlie the carapax : but these legs are otherwise like the preceding, though
somewhat smaller, and it is probable that this habit in the M. mutica has been
overlooked, as these animals almost always swim with the posterior legs ex-
tended like the others, when taken and kept in a jar for examination, and they
also have them extended when walking. These legs do not resemble at all the
posterior pair in Porcellana or Galathaea. I had examined several species before
I discovered this habit with regard to the posterior legs. The animal also throws
the fourth pair of legs forward along or over the borders of the carapax, so that
the extremity overlies the bases of the eyes and the tarsi hang down in front ;
and at the same time the two preceding pair are folded up and lie against the
sides of the carapax outside of the 4th pair, or the 3d pair may be thrown for-
ward like the 4th. A Sooloo species, and another common oflf Cape of Good
Hope, were observed swimming with the legs thus disposed.

Say's genus Monolepis* also embraces two groups, alike in the deflexed front
and the longish setae at the extremity of the posterior tarsi. In one division,
including the M. inermisi the tarsi are flattened styliform, and unarmed, with
either lateral edge sparsely furnished with minute hairs ; the fossa of the sternum,
along which the abdomen lies when inflexed, has a prominent trenchant border ;
the depression on the carapax for the posterior legs is rather abrupt and some-
what neatly defined; the body is very convex and obese, with the sides high and
vertical, and much wider behind than before, being gradually narrowed forward.

The other division has the tarsi unguiform, compressed, and spinous below, the
antepenult spine always longest; the fossa of the sternum with flaring borders^
the depression of the carapax for the posterior legs shallow concave ; the body
more flattened above, with the sides more oblique. This division corresponds
to Monolepis spinitarsus.

Besides the preceding, there is another group of Megalopidea, examined by the
author, resembling Megalopa of Leach, except that the tarsus of the posterior
legs is narrow lamellar instead of unguiculate, and edged with longish setae
somewhat shorter than the tarsus.

There is still another group in which the front is horizontal and tricuspidate,
the inner antennae when retracted being exposed in the interval between the beak
or inner cusp and either outer, lying in view as in Plagusia.

With these explanations we give the characters of the genera.

1. Monolepis, Say. Carapax fronte tricuspidatus sed valde deflexus ideoque
frons superne visas medio non acutus sed truncatus. Pedes 5ti minores, super
carapacem saepe restantes, depressione ad eos recipiendos abrupta, tarsis inermi-
bus, depressis styliformibus, paris postici non depressis, apice 3 4 setis longius-
culis (tarso paulo longioribus) instructo. Sterni fossa abdominalis marginibus
bene prominens et subacuta. Monolepis inermis^ Say, typus est.

2. Marestia, Dana. Carapax fronte uti in Monolepi. Pedes 8 postici ad
basin infra non armati; 5ti minores, super carapacem saepe restantes, depressione
ad eos recipiendos parce concava ; tarsis styliformibus, unguiculatis, spinis infra

*Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phiiad., i. 155.

1852.] 9

armatis, paris postici apice setis longiusculis instructis. "Typus est Monolepis
spiiiitarstiSy Say. Hie pertineret quoque Meg. rmitica,'De%m. si ejus pedes postici
setis longiusculis confecti ; aliter genus alterum instituendura. Verbunn *' Ma-
restia" clarissimum Desmarest connmennorat.

3. Megalopa, Leach. Carapax fronte simpliciter rostratus, rostro vix
deflexo, acuto. Pedes 8 postici ad basin infra uni-spinigeri : 5ti minores, tarso
styliformi. ^Typus Meg. Mo7itagui, Leach.*

4. Cyllene, Bana, Carapacis frons uti in Megalopa. Pedes 8 postici ad
basin infra uni-spinigeri ; 5ti minores, tarso anguste lamellato, setis longiusculis
partim ciliato.

5. Tribola, Dana. Carapax fronte horizontalis tricuspidatus, rostro (vel
cuspide mediana) tenui, cuspidibus (vel dentibus) externis vix longiore. Antennae
internae inter rostrum et cuspides externas aperte inflexae. Pedes postici minorefly
tarso unguiculato setisque longis non instruct.

Descriptiones Megalopideorum adhuc ineditcB,

Marestia elegans. Carapax antice angustus et superne visus bilobatus, late-
ribus fere parallelis, pone oculos vix salientibus. Pedes antici parvi, manu
oblonga, margine inferiore et partim superficie interna remote hirsutis. Pedes
2di marginibus sparsim ciliati, tarso infra V-spinoso, ad basin tuberculum infra
non gerente. Tarsi postici infra 6-spinosi, apice unguiculati et 4 setis longis
instructi. Ba5. Promontorio Bonae Spei. Il07^^. Carapacis 4 5'^\ An Megalopa
mutica Kraussii (Sddaf. Crust, p. 54) et De Haanii (Faun. Japon. p. 167) ? Sed
pedes postici extremitate setis tarso paulo longioribus instructi.

Marestia Atlantica. Carapax antice angustus et superne visus bilobatus,
lateribus postice paulo divergentibus, pone oculos vix salientibus. Pedes an-
tici parvi, manu oblonga, nuda aut nudiuscula. Pedes 6 sequentes nudiusculi,
tarso infra quinque spinas tuberculumque ad basin instar calcis gerente.
Tarsi postici parvuli, sed setularum duabus paribus infra instructi, non spinosi,
apice unguiculati et tribus setis longis armati. Hab. lat. aust. 6^, long. occ. 24**.

Marestia pervalida. Carapax antice latus et superne visus obsolete quadri-
lobatus, lobis subasquis, lateribus postice non divergentibus, prope medium uni-
dentatis. Pedes antici pervalidi, manu valde crassa, tumida. Tarsi postici
infra spinosi, apice tribus setis longiusculis armati. Hab. lat. bor. 6, long,
orient. 173.

Monolepis oRiENTALis. Sterni segmenta fossam sterni includentia antica mar-
gine interiore fere truncata, vix triangulata ; segmenta proxima convexa, non tu-
berculigera. Tuberculus medianus inter aream buccalem et fossam sterni simpli-
citer subtriangulatus, antice acutus, postice hemisphericus, utrinque depressione
deinde septo brevi antice et oblique producto cinctus. Tarsus pedis postici
brevis, non unguiculatus, apice tribus setis longiusculis armatus, infra setulis
paucis perbrevibus necque spinis instructus. Hab. in mari Suluensi. Long.
carapacis 4.'". M. inermis differt, sterni segmentis anticis intus non subtruncatis
sed prominenter triangulatis, proximis unituberculatis, tuberculo mediano inter
aream buccalem et fossam sterni tuberculis tribus composito.f

Cyllene hyalina. Rostrum parce prominens. Carapax subovatus, lateribus
pone oculos paulo saliens, postice inermis. Thorax infra ad extremitatem pos-

* Malac. Pod. Brit, pi. 16. Leach describes three other species, (not noticed bf
Edwards,) in Tuckey's Exped. to the Zaire, (London, 1818,) p. 404. The M.
Cranchii may be a true Megalopa ; the others have a deflexed beak.

tThe author is indebted to Prof. L. R. Gibbes, of Charleston, S. C, for the
privilege of examining specimens of the M. inermis. They were obtained by him
from the stomach of a fish off the Atlantic coast between New York and Charleston,
in 1846. See Rep. Crust, in U. S. Collections, by Prof. Gibbes, in Proc. Amer.
Assoc. Charleston, 1850, vol. iii; p. 192.

2

10 [January,

teriorem inermis. Pedes antici mediocres, carpo inerml, manu paulo tumida,
supra subgibbosa, digitis hiantibus, apice inflexis et acutis. Pedes 2di 3tii
4tique subaequi, tarsis fere rectis, longis, articulo penultimo longioribus. Hab.
in mari Atlantico juxta *' Rio Negro'' Patagoniae, et in mari Pacific prope
*' Valparaiso." Loiig. carapacis 3 4:'".

Cyllene furciger. Rostrum elongatum, spiniforme, frontis latitudine non
brevior. Thorax infra ad extremitatem posteriorem duabus spinis longis diver-
gentibus postice productis armatus. Pedes antici angusti, carpo articuloque
secundo spina brevi curvatd armatis, brachio inermi. Tarsi 2di 3tii 4tique parce
armati, styliformes. Hab in mari Suluensi.

Tribola lata. Carapax late ovatus non pubescens, paulo longior quam
latus, lateribus pone oculos parce undulatis, rostro lineari, dentibus frontis late-
ralibus rostro remotis, apice acutis et paulo divaricatis. Pedes antici parvuli,
tenues, manu pedibus sequentibus vix crassiore. Hab, in mari Atlantico, prope
insulas "Canary;*' e stomacho piscis " Bonito " lecta. Long, corporis fere \"*

Tribola pctbescens. Carapax oblongus, subovatus, pubescens, lateribus pone
oculos undulalis, rostro lineari, dentibus frontis lateralibus rostro minus remotis.
Pedes toti dense brevissimeque pubescentes ; antici rostrum paulo superantes,
angusti, inaequi, manu dextra non latiore quam carpus. Pedes 8 sequentes fere
duplo longiores, 2di8 brevioribus quam 3tii. Hab. in Archipelago <'Paumotu "
mari Pacifico.

Conspectus Crustaceorum^ ^c. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring
Expedition under Capt. C. Wilkes, U. S. N. By James D. Dana.

MACROURA.

We follow De Haan in placing the genus Galathaea with the Anomoura ; and
near it we arrange iEglea, which widely differs from most other related species
in having penicillate instead of foliose branchiae.

The Macroura, excluding these groups, includes three distinct sections or sub-
tribes.

One, the "Fossores " of authors, or the Thalassinidea, has close relations on
one side with the Paguri, and on the other with the Squillidae. They constitute
a line of gradation between these extremes, independent mostly of the other
Macroura, and osculating only with the Astaci, although removed from them in
general habit and structure. There is a diversity among the legs as to form and
position, which is not found in any other Macroura, and calls to mind the Paguri.
Moreover, there is in general a looseness of structure, a length of abdomen, and
sluggish habit of body, unlike the trim compact forms of the typical Macroura.
The anterior feet are thrown directly forward and are thus fitted for the burrow-
ing habits of the species.

The second subtribe the Astacidea is composed of the highest grade of
Macroura, approaching in some points of structure the Brachyura. This is seen
in the fact that the sides of the carapax fold under and unite to the epistome, as
is well shown in Scyllarus and less perfectly in Astacus ; also in the absence or
small size of the basal scale of the outer antennae. The Astaci are the transition
species between the other Astacidea and the Caridea, and in the genus Parane-
pkropSf White, the antennary scale is not smaller than is common in the latter
group. Yet they properly form part of the same section with the Scyllari and
Palinuri, rather than a separate division as made by Milne Edwards; they differ
from all the Caridea in the transverse suture across the carapax near its middle.

The third section the Caridea includes the typical Macroura, which have
the sides of the carapax not soldered to the epistome, and a large basal scale to
the outer antennae.*

* The Cumae would constitute another section Cumidea if mature animals. But
according to recent researches of Prof. Agassiz, as he has informed the author, they
are in some cases, and probably in all, immature forms of Palaemon, Crangon, and
other known Macroural genera.

1852.] . 11

These subtribes may be divided into families.

Subtribe 1. Tkalassiiiidea. This section, as Milne Edwards observes, includes
two strongly marked divisions; ow, with only the ordinary thoracic branchiae,
and a second with the addition oi abdominal branchial appendages, as in the Squil-
lidae. The former we name the Thalassinidea Eubranchiata. the latter, the
Thalassinidea Anomobrayickiata. The first group embraces three families, dif-
fering strikingly in outer maxillipeds and abdomen, as explained beyond. The
second contains only two genera, Callianideai Edw., and IscRa^ Guerin the last
name was changed by Edwards to CalUanisea ; but as this word is so near Callia-
nassa and Callianidea, a contraction to Callisea would be preferable.

Subtribe 2. Astacidea. In this subtribe, we adopt De Haan's sections, except
that we exclude the Megalopidea, and we do not associate the Thalassinidea
with the Astacidea. The sections or families are Scyllaridce, Fali?iundeB,
Eryonidce and Astacida.

Leach in 1819 divided the old genus Astacus, naming the marine species
(Homarus Edw.) Astacus, and the fresh water (Astacus, Edw.) Potamobius,
Edwards' division, of like character, now generally accepted, was not published
till 1837. Leach hence has the priority. But according to Leach, the name
Astacus is appropriated, not to the typical part of the group, that including the
Astaczis fluviatilis of old authors, or Cancer Astacus of Linnaeus, and which em-
braces at the present time numerous species, but to that including the Cancer
Gammarzcs of Linnaeus, still but a small group. There is hence much objection
to the names of Leach, and moreover much confusion would now ensue from
their adoption. There seems therefore to be sufficient reason for rejecting them,
if it be of no weight that they have remained for 30 years unrecognised by
British authors. They are adopted in the Catalogue of British Crustacea of the
British Museum, published in 1850, but not in the general catalogue of 1847.

Subtribe 3. Caridea. In arranging the Caridea into groups, much stress is
usually laid upon external form and length of beak. The unimportance of these
characters is inferrible from the fact that they involve no essential variations of
structure. Moreover, in a single natural group we may find both the long and
short beak. In the Crangon group, for instance, in which the beak is usually
very short and the body depressed, we have a species with the beak and habit of
a Hippolyte.

There are other characters of more fundamental value ; and these have been
brought forward by De Haan. The mandibles afford the distinctions alluded to.
In one section they are very slender and are bent nearly at a right angle, with-
out enlargement at the crown. In another they are very stout, and somewhat
bent above with a broad dilated crown. In a third, they are stout, but not bent,
and have a dentate summit. In a fourth they have, in addition to a projecting
lateral crown, a large summit process, which is often oblong and very prominent.
These forms are characteristic of different sections of the Caridea.

The fact that the mandibles bear a palpus or not is of much less importance ;
for the portion of the mandible which is most essential to its functions is the
crown. Among the Palaemoninae, there are genera having a mandibular palpus,
and others without one; while the two kinds in other respects are remarkably
close in their relations. We have found moreover that in this group, the length
of the palpus varies with the disjunction of the 2d and 3d flagella of the inner
antennae. If these flagella are separate to their bases nearly, (as in Palasmon,)
the palpus is long and 3-jointed ; if united for some distance up, the palpus be-
comes short and finally only 2-jointed (Palaemonella;) if united nearly or quite
to their summits, there is no palpus.*

In the arrangement of the genera into families, the fact whether the 1st or 2d

* In our genus Palsemonella, the palpus of the mandible is 2-jointed, and in ./fn-
chistia, which is closeiy like Palaemon in habit in some of its species, there is no
palpus, as in the Pontoniae ; and thus the transition to the Pontoniae from Palaemon
is exceedingly gradual. Harpilius and CEdipus (Pontoniae of authors) fill up the in-
terval between Anchistia and the true Pontoniae. They are all similar in having the
2d pair of legs largest, and in other prominent characteristics.

12 [January,

dair of legs is the stouter ^ is of great weight, much greater than previous authors
have recognised. In the Brachyura, the anterior pair is uniformly the strong
pair ; and this uniformity through so extensive a group shows that the variations
from it must be of importance in classification. This peculiarity of the Brachyura
i a consequence of the concentration of force in the cephalic or anterior portion
of the cephalothorax; and the diffusion of this force posteriorly, which in differ-
ent degrees marks the Macroura, is especially exhibited in the legs. It is there-
fore of no little interest to observe whether the first or the second pair is the
larger, or whether the degradation is still greater and the 3d pair is chelate like
the 2d and even stouter, as in the Penaei. By regarding this character we are
led to place Hippolyte and Rhyncocinetes with Alpheus, instead of with Palaemon ;
also Hymenocera and Pontonia with Palasmon, instead of with Alpheus; Pasi-
phaea in a distinct group from the Penaei, &c. Moreover, the Penaeinea, viewed
in this light and stripped of some unrelated genera, make a natural group, for
they are characterized by having the third pair of legs liJce the second, instead of
like the fourth. In the lowest forms among the Penaeinea, there are no chelate
or didactyle legs, and the species approach the Schizopods.

In the preceding paragraphs we have but hinted at some of the more prominent
principles involved in the classification of the Macroura here presented, a fuller
exposition of which will be given in another place. Below is a synopsis
of the arrangement thus arrived at, and following this synopsis, are our descrip-
tions of new species.

Synopsis Familiar2im CrustaceorJirti Macrourorum.

I. THALASSINIDEA, vel MACROURA PAGURO-SQUILLIDICA.

Carapax sutura transversa notatus, posticeque saepe suturis duabus longi-
tudinalibus. Abdomen saepius multo elongatum. Antennae externae squama
basali sive nulla sive parvula instructae. Pedes 2 antici prorsum projecti ; 6 pos-
tici habitu raro consimiles. Species fossores.

Legio I. THALASSINIDEA EUBRANCHIATA.

Branthiis thoracicis instructa tantum.

Fam. 1. Gebid^. Maxillipedes externi pediformes. Appendices caudales et
aliae abdominales latae.

Fam. 2. CALLiANASsiDyE. Maxillipedes externi operculiformes. Appendices
caudales latae.

Fam. 3. Thalassinid^. Maxillipedes externi pediformes. Appendices cau-
dales lineares.

Legio II. THALASSINIDEA ANOMOBRANCHIATA.
IL ASTACIDEA vel MACROURA SUPERIORA.

Carapax sutura transversa saspius notatus, lateribus anterioribus epistomate
connatis. Antennae externae squama basali sive nulla sive parva instructae. Ab-
domen sat breve vel mediocre. Branchiae penicillatae. Pedes 2 antici oblique
projecti; 6 postici directione consimiles.

1. Antenna externce squama basali non instmctcB, Pedes aiitici monodactyli ,
Fam. 1. ScYLLARiB^E. Carapax valde depressus, marginibus lateralibus sat
tenuibus, carapace lateraliter subito inflexo. Antennae externae laminatae,
breves. Sternum trigonum.
Fam. 2. PALiNURiOiE. Carapax subcylindricus, lateraliter late rotundatus.
Antennae externae basi subcylindricac, longae. Sternum trigonum.
2. Antennae externce squavid basali instrncta-. Pedes antici didactyh.
Fam. 3. Eryonid^. Carapax non oblongus, depressus, lateribus subito inflexis,

abdomine multo angustiore.
Fam. 4. Astacid.'e. Carapax oblongus, subcylindricus, abdomine parce angus-
tiore. Sternum angustum.

1852.] 13

III. CAPJDEA.

Carapax sutura transversa non notatus, cephalothoracern plerumque tegens,
lateribus anterioribus liberis, epistomate non connatis. Antennae externce squanrii
basali grandi instructas. Corpus sive subcylindricum sive paulo compressum.
Branchiae saepius foliosae.

Legio I. PALiEMONINEA.

Pares Inni 2diqiie pedum, unus vel ambo, chelati ; 3tii 4tis similes. Maxilli-
pedes 2di breves, lamellatae.
Fam. 1. Crangonid;e. Mandibulae graciles, valde incurvatce, non palpigerae,

corona angusta et non dilatata. Pedum pares lini 2di inter se valde in-

aequi.
Fam. 2. Atyid^. Mandibulae crassae, non palpigerae, corona lata, parce bi-

partita, processu terminali brevi et dilatato. Pedum pares lmi2dique inter

se aequi, carpo nunquam annulato.
Fam. 3. Pal^momd^. Mandibulae crassae, sive palpigerae sive non palpigerae,

supra profunde bipartitae, processu apicali oblongo, angusto.

Legio II. PASIPH^INEA.

Pedes Imi 2dique chelati, 3tii 4tis similes. Maxillipedes 2di tenuiter pedi-
formes.
Fam. 1. Pasiphjeid^. Mandibulae uti in Atyidis,

Legio III. PEN^INEA.

Pedes 3tii 2dis similes, siepius chelati, Stiis majoribus ; nisi chelati, toti vergi-
formes et debiles.
Fam. 1. Pen^idje. Pedes 3tii bene didactyli, validiores, 2dis similes. Palpus

mandibularis latus.
Fam. 2. Sergestiu^. Pedes 3tii 2dique sive vergiformes sive obsolete chelati,

Imis vergiformibus. Palpus mandibularis gracilis.
Fam. 3. Eucopid^. Pedes 3tii 2dique vergiformes; Imi maxillipedesque ex-

terni aeque monodactyli et subprehensiles,digito in articulum penultimum

claudente. Palpus mandibularis gracilis.

Synopsis Subfamiliarum Generumgue Crustaceorum Macrourortim Viveiitium.

Subtribus I. THALASSINIDEA.

Legio I. THALASSINIDEA EUBRANCHIATA.

Fam. 1. GEBiDiE.

G. 1. Gebia, Leach. Digitus manus inferior obsolescens. Pedes 2di 3tii 4ti

Stique monodactyli. Rostrum tridentatum. Antennae externae squama

basali carentes.
G. 2. Axius, Leach. Manus lata,digito inferiore elongato. Pedes 2di minores,

sublamellati, didactyli; 3tii 4ti 5tique monodactyli. Rostrum simplex,

triangulatum. Oculi pigmento perfecti. Antennae externae squama

basali parva instructse.
G. 3. Calocaris, Bell.* Manus gracilis, digito inferiore elongato. Pedes 2di

minores, cheliformes, 3tii 4ti 5tique monodactyli. Rostrum ac in Axio.

Oculi pigmento corneaque carentes. Antennae externae squama basali parva

instructae. Segmentum cawdale oblonjium.
G. 4. Laomedia, De Haaii.] Manus ac in Azio. Pedes 2di monodactyli, quo-

que 3tii et 4ti; Sti obsoleti.

* ' British Crustacea," p. 231, t Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 162.

14 [January,

G. 5. Glaucothoe, Edw. Manus ac in Axio. Pedes 2di 3tiique pediformes ac
in Paguro ; 4ti Stique subcheliformes. Antennarum internarum flagella
articulo precedente breviora.

Fam. 2. CallianassiDuE.

G. 1. Callianassa, Leach. Oculi sublamellati, cornea mediana et non mar-
ginal!. Flagella antennarum internarum articulo precedente longiora.
Pedes Imi grandes, bene didactyli ; 2di didactyli minores, 3tii articulo pe-
nultimo late lamellati.

G. 2. Trtp^a, Dana. Pedibus CallianasscB affinis. Flagella antennarum
internarum articulo precedente breviora, antennis subpediformibus.

Fam. 3. Thalassinid^.

G. 1. Thalassina, Latreille. Manus validae, multo inaequae, digito immobili
majoris brevi. Pedes 2di articulo penultimo lamellati, 3tii 4ti Stique an-
gusti, monodactyli.

Legio 2. THALASSINIDEA ANOMOBRANCHIATA.

G. 1. Callianidea, Edw. Pedibus Calliaiiassce affinis, anticis bene didactylis,
2dis et 3tiis minoribus, didactylis, compressis, 4tis Stisque subcylindricis.
Oculi ac in Callianassa.

G. 2. Caijlisea. (Isaea, Guerin. Callianisea, Edw.) Forsan a Callianidea
nihil differt, teste Edwardsio (Crust, ii. 321.)

Subtribus IL ASTACIDEA.

Fam. 1. ScYLLARIDiE.

1 . Carapax oblongics vel subquadralus^ non transversus. Ocxdi versus cephalo-

thoracis angulos extemos insiti.

G. 1. ScYLLARus, Fahr. Rostrum valde saliens. Latera carapacis non incisa.
Antennae externae inter se fere contiguae. Palpus maxillipedis externi
flagello confectus. Branchiae numero 21. Species, Sc. sculpttcsylattts,
squatnosus, equinoxialis, Haaniiy Sieboldi.

G. 2. Arctus, Danat (Scyllari subgenus Stum, De Haan.) Rostrum perbreve,
truncatum. Antennae externae inter se remotae. Palpus maxillipedis
flagello carens. Branchiae 19. Sp. A. 2irszts, D. (Scyllarus arctus, Aiict.)

6. Carapax plus mimcsve transverstiSy lateribus non incisus. Octcli iii angtdis

externi 5.

G. 3. Thenus, Leach. Oculi oblongi. Rostrum bilobatum. Branchiae 21.
Species. T. orientalis.

3. Carapax plus mimisve transversus , lateribus incisus. Octcli angulis externi s

valde rentoti.

G. 4. Parribacus, Dana, {ScyUari subgenus 2dum,Z)g Haan.) Rostrum sub-
triangulatum. Antennae externae inter se fere contiguae. Oculi fere in
medio inter antennas internas et angulos cephalothoracis extemos.
Branchiae 21. Species. P. antarcticus et P. Parrce (Ibacus antarcticuset
I. Parrae, Auct.)

G. 5. Ibaciis, Leach. Rostrum bilobatum. Antennae externae inter se paulo
remotae. Oculi versus rostrum insiti. Branchiae 21. Species. I.Peroniif
I. eihatus, De Haan,et /. novemdeiitatus , Gibbes.*

* Species Scyllaridarum enumeratag in " Hist. Nat. des Crustaces," Edwardsii
editae, sequentibus excepiis : Sc. Ifaanii, Siebold (Faun. Japon. 152, pi. 38, f. 1,) Sc.
Sieboldi, De Haan (Faun. Jap. 1.02, pi. 36, f. 1.) Ibacus ciliatus, Siebold, (Faun. Jap.
l.')3, pi. 36, f. 2,) Ibacus novemdentatus, Gibbes, (Nuntiis Assoc. Sci. Amer. 1850,
Charleston* iii, 193.)

1852.] 15

Fam. 2. Palinurid-s:.

G. 1. Palinurus, Fabr. (Palinuri communes, Edw.)Cz\di\iz:^ vix rostratus.
Annulus antennalis supra angustissimus, curvatus. Antennae externse basi
fere contiguae. Antennee internae liagellis breves. Liriuparusy Gray, hie
inclusus.

G, 2. Panulirus, Grayy (Palinuri longicornes, Edw.) Carapax rostratus.
Annulus antennalis supra latus, subquadratus et horizontalis. Antennse
externae basi non contiguae; antennae internae flagellis longae.

Fam. 3. Eryonid^.
Genus "EBnov," Desmarest

Fam. 4. Astacid^e.

1. Manus crasscB et latcB,marginibus artniatce^ superjicie convexce (Astacin^.)
A. Branchiae 19. Segmenium thoracis ultimum non mobile Species marinae.
G. 1. HoMARus, Edw. Rostrum tenue, utrinque paucidentatum. Squama
basalis antennarum externarum perbrevis.

B. Branchiffi 17 18. Segmentum thoracis ultimum mobile Rostrum integrum vel

utrinque unideniatum. Species flnviales.

G. 2. AsTACOiDES, Guerin. Segmentum abdominis maris Imum appendicibus
carens. Hie referemus subgenera Erichsoni AstacoideSf E?igcBus et Che-
raps.*

G. 3. AsTACus. Segmentum abdominis maris Imum appendicibus instructum.
Hie referemus subgenera Erichsoni Astaczcs et CambaruSf illo branchiis
18, hoc branchiis 17, instruct.

2. Manus prismatic CB I at eribus fere red ce, (Nephropin^.)

G. 4. Nephrops, Leach. Rostrum utrinque dentatum vel spinosum. Squama
basalis antennarum externarum basi vix longiores. Species marinae.

G. 5. Paranephrops, White.\ Rostrum uti in Nephrope. Squama basalis
antennarum externarum basi dimidio longiores. Species fluviales ?

Subtribusin. CARIDEA.
Legio I. PAL.EMONINEA.

Fam. I. Crangonid^.

Subfam. 1. CRANGONIN^. Pedes Imi 2dis crassiores. Maxillipedes externi
pediformes. Digitus mobilis in palraam claudens, immobilis spiniformis.
Pedes 2di non annulati.

G. 1. Crangon, Fabr. Rostrum brevissimum. Oculi liberi. Pedes 2di chelis
armati, 4ti Stique acuminati, gressorii.

* Archiv. f. Nat. 1846, p. 86 et375. Astaci Subgenera Erichsono instituta sequentia
sunt.

1. Astacoides. Pedes abdominales ramis membranacei, Imis maris obsoletis.
Antennae externae internis exteriores.

2. AsTAcus, Pedes abdominales (lamellis caudalibus inclusis) calcarei, Imis maris
elongatis. Antennae externae internis exteriores. Pedes 5ti branchias gerentes,
branchiis numero 18.

3. Cambakcs. Pedes abdominales (lamellis caudalibus inclusis) calcarei, Imis maris
elongatis. Antennae externae internis exteriores. Pedes 5ti branchias non gerentes,
branchiis numero 17.

4. Cheraps. Pedes abdominales calcarei, Imis maris obsoletis; lamellae caudales
partim membranacei. Antennae externae internis exteriores. Pedes 5ti branchias
non gerentes, branchiis numero 17.

5. Eng-^us. Antennee externae sub internis. Pedes 5ti branchias gerentes, branchiis
numero 18.

Textura appendicium abdominalium discrimen genericum justum non videfur,
necque situs antennarum externarum. An auctoritatis gravis numerus branchiarum ?
non credimus

t A. White, in Misc. Zool. Gray 79. 1842 et 'Voy. Erebus and Terror," pi. 3, f. L

16 [January,

G. 2. Sabinea, Owen.* Rostrum brevisslmum. Oculi liberi. Pedes 2di

chelis carentes ; 4ti Stique acuminati, gressorii.
G. 3. Argis, Krvyer.] Rostrum nullum. Oculi sub carapace fere occulti.

Pedes 2di chelis armati.
G. 4. Paracrangon, Dana. Rostrum elongatum. Oculi liberi. Pedes 2di

obsoleti, 4ti Stique acuminati, gressorii.

Subfam. 2. LYSMATINiE. Pedes Imi 2dis crassiores. Maxillipedes externi
pediformes. Digiti alter ad alterum claudentes. Pedes 2di annulati.

G. 1. NiKA, Risso. Rostrum breve. Antennae internae duobus flagellis con-

fectae. Pedes antici impares, uno chelato, altero monodactylo. Carpus

paris 2di elongatus annulatus.
G. 2. Lysmata, Risso. Rostrum elongatum, subensiforme. Antennae internae

tribus flagellis confectae. Pedes antici ambo chelati. Carpus paris 2di

elongate filiformis.
G. 3. Cyclorhynchus, De Haan.X Rostrum sat breve, compressum et suboi-

biculare. Carpus 2dus brevis, pauci-annulatus;

Subfam. 3. GNATHOPHYLLIN^ Pedes 2di Imis crassiores. Maxillipedes

externi lati, operculiformes.

G. 1. Gnathophyllitm, Latreille.

Fam. 2. ATYiDiE.

Subfam. 1. ATYIN-^. Pedes thoracici palpo non instructi.

G. 1. Atya, Leach. Rostrum breve, depressum. Antennae internae flagellis
duobus confectae. Pedes 4 antici sat breves, carpis sublunatis, cuspide
inferiore manum ferente, digitis penecillo setarum longo ad apicem armatis ;
3tii 5tis multo longiores et crassiores.

G. 2. Atyoida, Ra7idall.^ Rostro, antennis pedibusque anticis Atyce afiinis.
Pedes 3tii tenues, 5tis breviores. [An distinctio valida?]

G. 3. Caridina, Edwards. Rostrum sat breve sat longum. Antennae internae
flagellis duobus confectae. Pedes 2di Imis longiores, digitis parium am-
borum apice penecillatus, carpis Imis perbrevibus et antice excavatis, 2dis
subcylindricis, oblongis.

Subfam. 2. EPHYRIN^. Pedes thoracici palpo instructi.

G. 1. Ephyra, Roux, De Haan.\\ Rostrum dentatum. Antennae internee

flagellis duobus confectae. Pedes 4 antici parvi, nudi vel nudiusculi.

Pedes 6 postici graciles.

Fam. 3. PAL^MONID^.

Subfam. 1. ALPHEIN^E. Pedes Imi crassiores, chelati, 2di filiformes, carpo
saepius annulati et chelati. Mandibuli palpigeri.

G. 1. Alpheus, Fahr. Rostrum brevissimum. Antennae internae flagellis
duobus confectae. Oculi sub carapace occulti. Manus paris 2di major
non inversa, digito mobili superiore. Pedes 2di carpo filiformes, annulati.
Maxillipedes externi subtenues, mediocres. Species maris calidioris.

G. 2. Bet.eus, Dana' Rostrum nullum. Oculis et ceteris Alpheo plerumque
aflinis. Manus paris 2di major fere inversa, digito mobili inferiore vel
exteriore. Species maris frigidioris.

* Owen, Append. "Voy. Capt. Ross," p. 82. Crangon scptemcarinatum, Sabine.

tTidskrift, iv. ]843, p. 217.

\ Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 174.

'^.lourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii, p. 140.

II De Ilaan, Faun. Japon. p. 185, pi. 46, f. 7.

1852.] 17

G. 3. Alope, White.* Rostrum breve, Inter spinas duas longas insitum hisque

saepe partim celatum. Antennae internae flagellis duobus confectae.

Maxillipedes extern! longissimi. Oculi paulo salientes.
G. 4. Athanas, Leach. Rostrum breve. Antennae internae flagellis tribus

confectae. Oculi paulo salientes. Pedes 2di carpo annulati.
G. 5. HiPPOLYTE, Leach.^ Rostrum sat longum, plus minusve ensiforme, non

mobile. Abdomen medio deflexum. Antennae internae flagellis duobus

confectae. Oculi salientes. Pedes 2di carpo annulati.
G. 6. Rhyncocinetes, Edw. Rostrum ensiforme, mobile, fronte articulo

conjunctum. Oculi antennaeque uti in Hippolyte. Pedes 2di carpo non

annulati.
[Ubi pertinet genus sequens ?
G. AuTONOMEA, Risso. P^es antici crassi, chelati. Pedes 2di non chelati et

carpo non annulati, 3tiis similes. Maxillipedes externi tenues. Rostrum

breve. Oculi salientes. Antennae internae flagellis duobus confectae ;

externae squama basali non instructae.]
Subfam. 2. PANDALINiE. Pedes antici gracillimi, non chelati, 2di filiformes,

carpo annulati.
G. Pandalus, Leach.

Subfam. 3. PAL^MONIN^E. Pedes 4 antici chelati, 2di Imis crassiores.
Carpis nullis annulatis. Pedes nulli palpigeri.

1. Antenna interna duohus flagellis confectce. Wandihtdce non jtalpigerce.
G. 1. PoNTONiA, Latr. Corpus depressum. Rostrum breve. Oculi parvuli.

Maxillipedes suboperculiformes, articulo 2do lato, 3tio 4toque simul

sumtis longiore, his subcylindricis.
G. 2. CEdipus, Dana. (Pontonia, Axict.) Corpus plus minusve depressum.

Rostrum longitudine mediocre. Oculi permagni. Maxillipedes externi

latiusculi, articulis totis latitudine fere aequis. Tarsi infra elongate

gibbosi.
G. 3. Harpilius, Dana. (Pontonia, Auct.X) Corpus non depressum. Rostrum

longitudine mediocre. Oculi magni. Maxillipedes suboperculiformes,

articulo 2do lato, 3tio 4toque simul sumtis breviore, his subcylindricis.

Tarsi uncinati, infra non gibbosi.
(jr. 4. Anchistia, Dana. Rostrum tenue, saepius ensiforme et elongatum.

Corpus vix depressum, saepe compressum. Oculi mediocres ; antennae

duobus flagellis instructae, una parce bifida. Maxillipedes externi omnino

tenues, pediformes.

2. Ma7idibulce palpigera.

a. Oculi aperti.
G. 5. Pal^monella, Dana. Corpus non depressum. Rostrum sat longum,

dentatum. Oculi mediocres. Mandibularum palpus bi-articulatus, per-

brevis. Antennae internae flagellis duobus confectae, uno apicem bifido.

Maxillipedes externi tenues.
G. 6. Pal^mon, Fabr.\ Corpus non depressum. Rostrum longum, dentatum.

Oculi mediocres. Palpus mandibularum 3-articulatus. Antennae interna?

flagellis tribus confectae. Maxillipedes externi tenues. Pedes 2di nun-

quam lamellati.

* Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. [2J, i. 225.

tPericlimenes, Costa, (Ann dell' Acad, degli Aspir. Nat di Napoli, ii, 1844,) Hippo-
lyto affinis et vix differt, tesle Erichsono. Arch. f. Nat. 1846, p. 310.

\ Pontoniae verag (Edipis et Harpiliis habitu raulto differt; Pontoniarum oculis parvulis,
abdoraine valde inflexo, et modo vitas saepius luti in Pinnotheris: aliorum oculi*
pergrandibus, abdomine minus inflexo, aniraalibus modo vitse liberis, inter ramos coral-
lorum ssepe natantibus. Pontonia raacrophthalma, Edw., CEdipo pertinet.

WLeander, Desmarest, (Ann. Ent. Soc. France, 1849, p. 87,) a Palemone vix differt
abdoraine ad articulationem 3-tiam inflexo non discriraine valido.

3

18 [January,

G. 7. Hymenocera, Latr. Corpus non depressum. Rostrum sat longum. Oculi
mediocres. Pedes 2di tenuiter laminati, latissimi ; Imi tenuissimi, manu
minuta. Maxillipedes externi subfoliacei.

b. Oculi sub carapace celati.
G. 8. Cryphiops, Dana. Rostrum longitudine mediocre. Oculi parvuli,

omnino occulti. Antennse internae flagellis tribus confectae. Maxillipedes

externi subtenues.
[Ubi pertinet Genus Typton, Costa, (Annal. dell' Acad, degli Aspir. Nat.
di Napoli, ii, 1844) ; squama basali antennarum externarum carens ; Pontoniae
affinis.]

Subfam. 4. OPLOPHORIN-^. Pedes Imi sive didactyli sive vergiformes ; 2di
chelati, crassiores. Squama antennarum ^ternarum acuminata, extus

spinis armata.
G. 1. Oplophorus, Edw. Corpus non compressum. Rostrum longum, den-

tatum. Antennae internae flagellis duobus confectae. Pedes toti palpigeri,

4 antici chelati. [Abdominis dorsum processubus spiniformibus uno vel

pluribus armatum.]
G. 2. Regulus, Dana. Rostrum longum, dentatum. Antennae internae flagellis

duobus confectae. Pedes nulli palpigeri, 2 antici non chelati, 2di crasse

chelati. Mandibularum palpus 3-articulatus. [Abdominis segmentum

3tium dorso postico instar spinae longae productum.]

Legio II. PASIPHiEINEA.
Fam. I. Pasiph^id^.

G. 1. Pasiphjea, Savigiiy. Rostrum obsolescens. Antennae internae flagellis
duobus confectae. Pedes palpigeri, palpis elongatis. Pedes 4 antici
subaequi, manubus gracilibus.

Legio III. PEN^INEA.
Fam. 1. Pen^id^.

G. 1. Sicyonia, Edw. Pedes 6 antici lineares, 4 postici non annulati. Carapax
breviter rostratus, semicalcareus, dorso carinato. Pedes abdominales
lamina una instructi. Maxillipedes 2di Stiique non palpigeri. Antennae
internae perbreves.

G. 2. PENiEus, Latr. Pedes 6 antici lineares, 4 postici non annulati. Carapax
elongato-rostratus, rostro ensiformi. Pedes abdominales laminis duabus
instructi. Maxillipedes externi bene palpigeri. Hie referemus genus
" Aristceus^^ [Duvernoy, Ann. des Sci. Nat. xv, 1841, pi. 4.]

G. 3. Stenopus, Latr. Pedes 6 antici lineares, 3 postici longi, annulati.
Rostrum longitudine mediocre. Maxillipedes externi brevissime palpigeri.

G. 4. Spongicola, DeHaan.* Pedes 4 antici filiformes, 2 sequentes unus vel
ambo crassissimi ; 4 postici non annulati. Carapax bene rostratus, rostro
subensiformi. Maxillipedes externi non palpigeri.

Fam. 2. SERGESTIDiE.

G. 1. Sergestes, Edw. Carapax brevissime rostratus. Pedes thoracis non

palpigeri, 2di Stiique obsolete didactyli, 5ti parvuli.
G. 2. AcETES, Edw. Carapax minute rostratus. Pedes thoracis non palpigeri,

2di 3tiique obsolete didactyli, 5ti obsoleti.
G. 3. EuPHEMA, Edw. Carapax bene rostratus. Pedes thoracis elongato-palpi-

geri,''6 antici didactyli, manubus parvulis, 4 postici filiformes, ciliati, non

annulati. Branchiae foliosae. Abdomen dorso uni-spinosum An hujus

sedis est?

Faun. Japon. Crust p. 189. tab. 46, f. 9.

1852.] 19

Fam. 3. EucoPiDiE.

G. 1. EvcoTi Ay Dana. Carapax non rostratus, fronte integro. Pedes thoracis
elongato-palpigeri, palpis natatoriis. Maxillipedes 2di 3tii et pedes Imi
monodactyli et prehensiles, unguiculo ad articulum precedens claudente.

Deseriptiones Crustaeeornm Macrourorum adhuc ineditce.

Subtribus I. THALASSINIDEA.

Legio I. THALASSINIDEA EUBRANCHIATA.

Fam. Gebid^e.

Gebia Pugettensis. Frons tridentatus, dente mediano triangulatus, super-
ficie superna usque ad suturam dorsi transversam scabra et hirsuta. Manus
marginibus pilosa, non spinulosa nee dentata, superficie externa laevis non cos-
tata, lineaque dense hirsuta longitudinaliter notata, digito inferiore dentiformi,
crasso, acuto, non incurvato, digito mobili elongato, inermi, margine piloso.
Pedes 2di infra longissime ciliati. Antennae externae quoad basin partim pilosae,
flagellis paulo hirsutis. Segmentum caudale transversum, rectangulatum, inte-
grum. Hab. in freto Pugettensi, Oregoniae. Long. 2'

)'/

Fam. Callianassid^.

Callianassa gigas. Frons paulo triangulatus. Oculi complanati. Manus
major valde compressa, laevis, carpo non duplo longior, digitis brevibus, dimidio
manus brevioribus, sparsim hirsutis, consimilibus, non hiantibus, superiors
arcuato, acuto, brachio angusto, ad basin infra dentigero sed vix latiore, paululo
longiore quam corpus, intus vix dentato. Segmentum caudale appendicibus
caudalibus vix brevius. Hab. in freto Pugettensi, Oregoniae. Long. 4i".

TRYPiEA. AusTRALiENSis. Frons non triangulatus. Pedes antici valde com-
pressi, brachio carpo manuque pedis majoris supra acutis. Manus major lata,
laevis, carpo paululo longior ; digitis fere dimidii manus longitudine, non hianti-
bus, intus subtiliter denticulatis, superiore paulo longiore, arcuato, carpo paulo
minore quam manus, brachio cum processu cultriformi juxta basin infra armato.
Segmentum caudale non longius quam latum, postice arcuatum. Hab. in oris
Illawarrae Australiae orientalis. Long. 21".

Fam. Thalassinid^.

Thalassina gracilis. Carapax laevis, rostro perbrevi, acuto, margine extra-
orbitali acuto. Abdomen sparsim pubescens, marginibus integris, segment
caudali paulo oblongo, postice bene rotundato, non longiore quam appendices
caudales. Pedes Imi subaequi, valde compressi, manu angusto-elongata, mar-
gine superiore subacuto, breviter spinoso, inferiore integro et inermi, digito
mobili paulo breviore quam pars manus anterior, angusto, fere recto, seriatim
pubescente, digito immobili plus dimidio breviore, acuto. Pedes 6 postici
tenues ; 5ti paulo breviores. Hab. in oris insulae " Telegraph," juxta " Singa-
pore." Long. 2i".

Subtribus II. ASTACOIDEA.

Fam. SCYLLARID^.

Arctus Vitiensis. Carapax subtilissimis plumulis pubescens, spina pone
medium frontis et altera gastrica armatus, versus orbitam utrinque subcarinatus
et 1 2-dentatus. Antennae internae nudiusculae, articulo basis penultimo fere
duplo longiore quam ultimus. Antennae externae extremitate truncatae, articulo
ultimo apice 5-lobato, lobis oblongis, interno breviore, articulo 2do ultimum

20 [January,

fere superante, extus unidentato, intus 3-dentato, superficie carinata, carina
integrd. Pedes nudi, subteretes, inermes, 2dis pergracilibus, tarso 2do duplo
longiore quam 3tius. Ilab. in archipelago Vitiensi (" Fejee "). Long. I".

Fam. AsTACiD^.

AsTACUs LENiuscuLus. Rostrum tridentatum, dentibus acutis, medio tenuiter
elongato. Carapax laevis, punctulatus, lateraliter pone rostrum utrinque 2-spi-
nosus ; areola inter suturas longitudinales post-dorsales lata. Pedes antici
compressi, inermes, non tuberculati, manu laevi, punctulata, carpo paulo ob-
longo, intus recto, inermi, apice interno acuto excepto, brachio antice denticu-
lato, apice interno elongate acuto, dorso unispinoso. Pedes sequentes nudius-
culi. Segmentum caudale parce oblongum, lateribus fere parallelis. Pedes 5ti
branchias parvas gerentes. Hah. flumine "Columbia," Oregoniae. Long. M'.

AsTACOiDES NOBiLis. Rostrum sat longum fere integrum, apice obtusum,
utrinque obsolete unidentatum, basi antennarum externarum paulo brevius.
Carapax lateraliter infra basin rostri obsolete utrinque armatus. Abdominis
segmenta utrinque paulo uni-tuberculata, junioris tuberculis obsolescentibus ;
segmentum 2dum prope marginem lateralem spinis brevibus armatum; seg-
mentum caudale paulo oblongum. Pedes antici aequi, crassi, carpo intus
valde trispinoso, manu infra supraque marginata et breviter dentata, superficie
fere laevi, nuda. Epistomatis processus medianus anticus triangulatus et valde
elongatus, et perangustus. i2a5. Australia orientali? Long.b".

Paranephrops tenuicornis. Rostrum elongatum, acuminatum, tenue, bases
antennarum longitudine superans, utrinque 4-spinosum et posterius super cara-
pacem utrinque aliis spinis duabus. Pedes 8 postici gracillimi. Pedes antici
longi, manu vix crassiore quam carpus, margine superno biseriatim spinoso,
superficiebus interna externaque uniseriatim spinosis, margine inferiore et super-
fice proxima spinuli-scabris et non seriatim spinosis. Hah. in fluminibus prope
portum "Bay of Islands," Novi-Zealandiae.

Subtribus III. CARIDEA.

Legio I. PALiEMONINEA.

Fain. Crangonid^.

Subfam. Crangoninje.

Crangon munitus. Rostrum brevissimum, rotundatum. Carapax partim
7-carinatus, carina medid vel prima bispinosa, 2da utrinque unispinosa, brevi,
3tia, nuda, 4ta unispinosa, brevi. Abdomen laeve, inerme. Manus nuda. Pedes
2di 3tiis vix breviores, 4ti 5tique paulo hirsuti, 5tis minoribus. Maxillipedes
externi utrinque valde ciliati. Segmentum caudale apice subacutum et quatuor
setis instructum. Hah. in freto Pugettensi. Long. \" W".

Paracrangon ECHiNATUS. Rostrum elongatum, porrectum, apice bidentatum,
dorso unidentatum, juxta basin infra unispinosum, spina longa porrecta. Cara-
pax multispinosus, medio dorso inaeque 4-dentatus, utrinque 5 7-spinosus.
Abdomen superne partim carinatum superficie paulo scalptum, lateribus acutis.
Manus elongata, digito immobili longo et gracillimo. Pedes 4ti Stique fere
nudi, subaequi. Kah. in freto Pugettensi. Long, \\".

Subfam. Lysmatin^.

NiKA Hawaiensis. Rostrum brevissime triangulatum, oculis multo brevius,
latius quam longum. Squama antennarum externarum basi internarum parce
brevior. Pedes antici subaequi, dexter chelatus nudiusculus. Articulus pedis
2di 4tus 3tio vix longior, non annulatus ; carpus 11-articulatus, articulis quatuor
Imis vix disjunctis. Pedes 6 postici subaequi, nudiusculi, gracillimi. Hah.
prope insulam " Maui " Hawaiensem, Long. %'".

1852.] 21

Fam. PALiEMONID^.

Subfam. AlpheinjK.

Genus Alpheus.

I. Rostrnm margine frontis ortunif superjicie inter octilos acepius leviter
earifiatd.

A. Antennarum articulus Imus externarum spina externa sive nulla sive ob-
solescente armatus.

1. Manus marginibus inferiore superioreque versus digitos excavata. Deng anten-
narum internarum basalis articulo \mo non longior. Articulus pedum dtiortim
Atorum Stius omnino inermit.

a. Orbitse margo inermis.

Alphetjs strenuus. Rostrum elongatum, acutum, superficie inter oculos
leviter carinata. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi non longior.
Articulus antennarum internarum 2dus Imo fere duplo longior. Pedes antici
multo inaequi, manus majoris sinu infero-marginali concavo et non triangulato,
brachio ad apicem internum acute uni-dentato ; manu minore angusto-oblonga,
paulo pubescente, digitis intus dense hirsutis, pilis apicem digiti mobilis omnino
celantibus. Pedes 2di 3tiis multo longiores, carpi articulis Imo 2doque fere
acquis, 2do longiore quam 5tus. Hab. insula Tongatabu. Long \\",

Alpheus pacificus. Rostrum breve, acutum, superficie inter oculos breviter
carinata. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi plane brevior ; articulus
antennarum internarum 2dus Imo duplo longior. Pedes antici multo inaequi ;
manus majoris sinu infero-marginali profunde triangulato, brachio apicem inter-
num inermi; manu minore angusto-oblonga, paulo pubescente, digitis intus
dense hirsutis, apicibus apertis. Pedes 2di 3tiis parce longiores, carpi articulo
2do multo breviore quam Imus, vix longiore quam 5tus. Hab. insulis Havv'aien-
sibus. Long. \\".

h. Orbitae margo spinula armatus.

Alpheus euchirus. Rostrum paulo elongatum, superficie inter oculos cari-
nata. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi non longior. Articulus
antennarum internarum 2dus Imo paulo longior. Pedes antici multo inaequi ;
manus majoris sinu infero-marginali concavo ; brachio apicem non spinigero ;
manu minore oblonga, crassiuscula, laevi, digitis extus et intus leviter laxeque
pubescentibus. Pedes 2di 3tiis paulo longiores, carpi articulo Imo duplo lon-
giore quam 2dus, manu vix breviore quam tres articuli precedentes simul sumti.
Pedes 3tii 4tive parce criniti, articulo 3tio apicem internum brevissime acuto,
5to intus 7 8-setuloso, setulis paulo confertis. Hab. in freto " Balabac."
Long. W".

2. Manus margine inferiore integer. Dens antennarum, internarum basalis articulo
prima vix longior.

a. Orbiise margo inermis.
Alpheus obeso-manus. Rostrum brevissimum, in carinam paulo postice
productum. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi non brevior, basi
internarum multo brevior ; dens internarum basalis perbrevis ; articulus 2dus
Imo plus duplo longior. Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu majore laevi, elongata,
obesa, non compressa, versus apicem angustiore, digito mobili perbrevi, mallei-
formi, minore lineari, digitis brevissimis. Pedes 2di portentose elongati, 3tiis
plus duplo longiores, carpi articulo Imo quadruplo breviore quam 2dus, 3tio 4to
5toque brevibus, subaequis. Articulus pedis 3tii 3tius apice inferiore acutus.
Hab. in archipelago " Viti." Long. 9'".

Alpheus crinitus. Rostrum acutum, superficie inter oculos carinata.
Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi harum parce brevior, basi interna-
rum paulo brevior ; dens internarum basalis perbrevis. Articulus antennarum
internarum 2dus Imo duplo longior. Pedes antici multo inaequi; razrva majore
obesa, parce compressa, infra rotundata, omnino laevi, partim leviter pubescente,

2S [January,

digitis perbrevibus, (manu quadruple brevioribus), digito mobili arcuato;
minore oblonga, leviter crinita, digitis parte manus ante digitos paulo^brevioribus.
Pedes 2di valde elongati, 3tiis sesquilongiores, articulo carpi 2do parce longiore
quam Imus, 3tio 4to Stove oblongo, uno alterum fere aequante. Pedes 3tii 4tive
leviter criniti, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem dentigero. Hab. in freto " Bala-
bac.'' Long. W",

Alpheus mitis. Rostrum acutum, superficie inter oculos carinata. Squama
antennarum externarum basalis basi harum internarumve parce longior. Arti-
culus antennarum internarum 2dus Imo paulo longior, densque basalis articulo
1 mo fere longior. Pedes antici inaequi; manu majore laevi, paulo compressa,
marginibus rotundata, digitis regularibus, manu fere triplo brevioribus ; minore
simili, angustiore. Pedes 2di 3tiis multo longiores, articulo carpi 2do Imum
longitudine aequante, 3tio 4tove oblongo, parce breviore quam 5tus, manu per-
brevi. Pedes 3tii 4tique fere nudi, articulo 3tio apicem internum non acuto.
Hab. in freto "Balabac." Lo7ig. 9"'. An femina A. Lottinii?

ft. Orbitae rnargo spinula denteve armatus.
Alpheus acuto-femoratus. Rostrum acutum postice inter oculos produc-
tum. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basibus antennarum non longior.
Dens basalis antennarum internarum brevis, articulus 2dus Imo parce longior.
Orbitae margo acutus sed spina non productus. Pedes 2di 3tiis sat longiores,
carpi articulo Imo brevi, 2do plus duplo longiore quam Imus. Pedes 3tii, 4ti-
que crassiusculi, articulo 2do 3tioque apicem inferiorem instar spinae elongate
acuto. [Pedibus anticis specimen nobis mutilatum.] Hab. in freto "Balabac."
Long 9'".

B. Articulus antennarum externarum Imus spina externa armatus.

a. Orbitae margo inermis.

Alpheus parvi-rostris. Corpus nudum. Rostrum acutum, breve, super-
ficie inter oculos carinata. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi utro-
que paulo longior ; spina basalis mediocris ; dens internarum basalis brevis ; arti-
culus 2dus Imo vix longior. Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu majore crassissima,
marginibus ambobus indentata, superficie externa partim sulcata, digitis per-
brevibus, digito mobili extus arcuato ; manu minore regulari, pubescente. Pedes
2di 3tiis paulo longiores, articulo carpi Imo fere duplo longiore quam 2dus,
manu brevi. Pedes 3tii 4tique crassiusculi, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem
unidentato. Hab. in freto "Balabac." Long. B>"'.

b. OrbitBB margo spinula denteve armatu vix breviore quam rostrum.
Alpheus tridentulatus. Rostrum perbreve, dentiforme. Squama antenna-
rum externarum basalis basi brevior, basi internarum vix brevior, spina exter-
narum basalis mediocris, spina internarum longissima, articulo Imo multo
longior; articulus 2dus Imo non longior. Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu
majore laevi, paulo compressa, marginibus late rotundata, digitis perbrevibus,
manu triplo brevioribus. Pedes 2di 3tiis paulo longiores, articulo carpi Imo
quadruple longiore quam 2dus, 2do perbrevi, vix longiore quam 3tius. Arti-
culus pedum 3tiorum 4torumve 3tius apice interno inermis. Hab. in portu "Rio
Janeiro "? Loiig. W".

Alpheus neptunus. Frons elongate trispinosus, rostro spinisque orbitalibus
praelongis, aequis. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi brevior et spina
externa elongata ; spina internarum basalis longa, articulo 2do breviore quam
Imus. Pedes antici multo inaequi, manu majore laevi, paulo compressa, margi-
nibus rotundata, digitis brevibus, manu triplo brevioribus, digito mobili supra
arcuato ; manu minore angusta. Pedes 2di 3tiis longiores, articulo carpi Imo
quadruplo longiore quam 2dus, 2do 3tio 4toque inter se fere acquis, non oblongis.
Articulus pedum sequentium 3tius apice inferiore inermis. Hab. in mari
Suluensi. Long. 89'".

1852.] 23

II. Rostrum inter oculontm bases ortunij snlco profunda in carapace utrinqut
juxta rostrum excavato.

a. Orbitse margo inermis.
Alpheus pugnax. Rostrum acutum, anguste triangulatum, planum, inter
oculorum bases ortum. Spina antennarum externarum basalis parva ; squama
basi paulo longior. Spina antennarum externarum basalis articulo Imo non
brevior, articulus 2dus brevis, 3tius squamam externarum non superans. Pedes
antici inaequi ; majore elongata, laevi, marginibus rotundata, supra anguste
emarginata, digitis brevibus (manu triplo brevioribus), brachio apicibus instar
spinae acuto. Pedes 2di longi, articulo carpi Imo dimidio breviore quam 2dus.
Pedes 3tii 4tique graciles, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem mii-dentato. Hab. ad
insulam " Maui " Hawaiensem. Long. \2"' .

Alpheus diadema. Rostrum latum, apice triangulatum et acutum, inter
oculorum bases ortum, lateribus concavis. Spina basalis antennarum omnium
brevis ; squama externarum basi utroque longior. Pedes 2di Stiis parce
longiores, articulo carpi Imo paulo longiore quam 2dus vel 5tus, 3tio4tove parce
oblongo. Pedes 3tii 4tive 5tis valde crassiores, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem
unidentato. iZaA. ad insulam " Maui" Hawaiensem. Long.W.

b. Orbitae margo spinula denteve arniatus.
Alpheus l^vis. (Randall, Jour Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii.)
Alpheus malleator. Rostrum perbreve, triangulatum, inter oculorum bases
ortum. Spina orbitalis brevis. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi
brevior ; spina basalis externarum mediocris, internarum brevissima ; articulms
2dus internarum Imo sesqui longior. Pedes antici inaequi ; manus majoris
superficie superna et interna partim minute tuberculata, margine superiore
sulcato, juxta articulationem digiti 2 3-inciso, digitis perbrevibus, mobili mal-
leiformi, obtuso. Pedes 2di Stiis parce longiores, articulo carpi Imo duplo
longiore quam 2dus. Pedes 3tii crassiusculi, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem
obtuso. Hab. in portu Rio Janeiro ? Long. 2a".

Genus Betjeus.

Bet.eus truncatus. Frons truncatus, medio non emarginatus. Squama
antennarum externarum basi non longior ; spina externa brevis ; spina interna-
rum basalis praelonga, articuli basales elongati, subaequi. Pedes antici multo
inaequi, manu majore longa, sublineari, valde compressa, fere laevi, scabricula,
digitis longis, fere dimidii manus longitudine, mobili terete. Pedes 2di Stiis
sat longiores, carpo sat brevi, articulo carpi Imo plus duplo longiore quam 2dus,
2do 3tio 4toque brevibus. Articulus pedum sequentium Stius omnino inermis.
JTai. Fuegia in mari prope insulam " Hermite," pedibus sexaginta altitudine.
Lo7ig. 15'".

Bet^us ^quimanus. Frons medio profunde incisus. Squama antennarum
externarum basalis basi paulo brevior ; spina externa perbrevis ; spina interna-
rum basalis praelonga, articulo 2do multo breviore quam primus. Pedes antici
aequi, manu laevi, compressa, digitis perbrevibus. Pedes 2di Stiis sat longiores,
articulo carpi Imo plus duplo longiore quam 2dus, 2do Stio 4toque perbrevibus.
Articulus pedum sequentium Stius omnino inermis. ifaj. in portu "Bay of
Islands," ad insulas " Black Rocks," Novi-Zealandiae.

Betjeus scabro-digitus. Frons leviter arcuatus, medio obsolete excavatus.
Squama antennarum externarum basalis mediocris, basi parce brevior, basin
internarum fere aequans ; flagellum late compressum ; spina externa brevis ;
spina internarum basalis longa. Pedes antici femince valde inaequi, manu ma-
jore mediocri, leviuscula, compressa, margine inferiore rotundata, digitis scabri-
culis, dimidio manus paulo brevioribus, vix dentigeris ; maris aequi, crassiores,
digitis brevibus, valde incurvatis, immobili crasse unidentato. Pedes 2di Stiis
paulo longiores, articulo carpi Imo plus duplo longiore quam 2dus, 2do3tio 4toque
brevibus. Articulus pedum sequentium Stius extus prope basin spina armatus.
Hab. juxta urbem " Valparaiso " Chilensem. Long. \\"

24 [January,

Genus Hippolyte.

1. Rostrum in dorsum non productum.

HippoLYTE ACUMiNATus. RostruiTi elongate acuminatum, subensiforme, apice
parce recurvatum, squama antennali non brevius, medio margine supra infraque
unidentatura. Carapax supra oculum unispinosus. Antennarum flagellum
brevius internarum 5 6-articulatum, apicem rostri non superans. Pedes antici
perbreves, manu ovata. Pedes 2di 3tiis breviores, carpo 3-articulato. Maxilli-
pedes externi basin antennarum externarum superantes, pubescentes. Tarsi
pedum 6 posticorum infra spinulosi. Hab, in mari Atlantic cum Sargasso
lat. bor. 36*^ 07' 4 07', long, occid. 20 43' 71 36'. A temdrostrato
Edw. difFert, dorso in regione gastrico spina non armato, margine rostri inferiors
unidentato tantum.

HippoLYTE ExiLiRosTRATus. Rostrum longum, omnino angustissimum, versus
apicem non latior, rectum, apice acutum, supra 4-spinosum, infra rectum, inte-
grum. Antennarum flagellum brevius internarum apicem rostri multum supe-
rans, multiarculatum, Maxillipedes externi elongati, apicem basis antennarum
externarum multum superantes. Pedes antici perbreves, manu subovata, fere
per ejus latus carpo articulata. Pedes 2di 3tiis breviores, carpo 3-articu-
lato ; 6 sequentes nudiusculi, tarsis infra spinulosis, spinulis apicis longis reliquis
brevissimis. Hab. in portu " Rio Janeiro.'' Long. 6 8'".

HippoLYTE oBLiQuiMANus. Rostrum lougum, tenuiter laminatum, rectum,
versus apicem verticaliter latior, infra non rectum 2-dentatum, supra 4-denta-
tum, apice bifidum. Flagellum antennarum internarum minus apicem rostri
superans, majus paulo longius. Pedes antici perbreves, manu subovata carpo
manu multo breviore, vix oblongo. Pedes 2di 3tiis breviores, carpo 3-articulato.
Tarsi pedum 6 sequentium infra spinulosi, spinulis apicis longis, deinde sensim
brevioribus. Hab. in portu Rio Janeiro. Long. 8'".

2. Rostrum, i?i dorsum producttcm.

HippoLYTE brevirostris. Rostrum breve (basi antennarum internarum
multo brevius) acutum, spiniforme, dorso breviter productum, supra 4-spi-
nosum, spinis inter se aeque remotis. Maxillipedes externi longi, squamam
antennalem longe superantes. Pedes antici crassiusculi, manu oblonga. Pedes
2di 3tiis longiore, carpo elongato, 7-articulato. Hab. in freto " de Fuca," juxta
portum " Dungeness." Lo7ig\^".

HippoLYTE lamellicornis. Rostrum longum verticaliter latissimum, fere ad
thoracis basin productum, apice bifidum, supra sinuosum, super cephalothoracem
4-spinosum, anterius 6-spini-dentatum, spinulis insequis, totis inter se subaeque
remotis, infra triangulatum, 2-dentatum. Antennae internae rostro parce longiores.
Pedes antici gracillimi, 2dis paulo crassiores. Pedes 2di 3tiis vix breviores,
carpo elongato, 7-articulato, articulo carpi 3tio longo. Tarsi pedum gequentium
fere inermes, spinulis versus basin subtilissimis. Maxillipedes externi apice
spinulosi, articulo ultimo supra pubescente. Hab. in freto " de Fuca " Oregoniae,
juxta portum " Dungeness. Long, li 2".

Subfam. Panda linje.

Pandalus PTTBEscENTULrs. Carapax dense brevissimeque pubescens, mar-
gine infra oculum bispinoso. Rostrum squama antennali longius, ensiforme,
paulo recurvatum sed apice non altius quam dorsum, supra 16 18-dentatum,
dentibus parvulis et fere ad dorsi medium continuatis, versus apicem edentulum,
infra 7-dentatum, apice bifidum. Pedes toti nudiusculi, 3tii 4ti 5ti longitudine
sensim decrescentes, 3tii longi, Imi articulis 2dorum tribus primis longiores.
Hab. in freto " de Fuca " Oregoniae, juxta portum " Dungeness." Long. 5".

Subfam. PALyEMONINiE.

PoNTONiA TRiDACNiE. Corpus dcprossum. Carapax nudus, laevis, paulo ob-
longus, rostro triangulato, obtuso. Antennae internae perbreves, flagellis sub-
aequis, articulis duobus precedentibus non oblongis. Squama antennarum exter-

1852.] , 25

narum basalis apicem rostri non superans; flagellum rostro paulo longius.
Pedes antici longiores, tenues, digito dimidio breviore quam manus ; 2di crassi-
usculi, breves, subaequi, manu oblonga, digitis manu plus dimidio brevioribus,
brachio ultra carapacem parce saliente. Pedes 6 postici breves, aequi, nudi.
Hal), in concha Tridacnae maris juxta insulam " Tutuila " Samoensen (vel
"Navigator's.") Long, fere 8'"; vel abdomine inflexo, 4'".

QEuiPUS suPERBus. Corpus paulo depressum. Kostrum horizontaliter latum,
oblongo-triangulatum, rectum, superne medio costatum et 5-serratum, infra prope
apicem 2-serratum, squama basali antennarum externarum plus duplo brevius,
basi internarum paulo brevius. Pedes antici tenues, manu breviter villosa,
proximi aequi, crassissimi, manu magnitudine portentosa, plus dimidio longiore
quam carapax, tumida, versus basin crassiore, digito mobili plus quadruple
breviore quam manus, angusto, tenuiore quam immobilis et margine externo
angulate sinuoso. Oculi magni. Hab. insula " Tongatabu." Long. W.

(Edipus gramineus. Corpus paulo depressum. Rostrum angustum, rectum,
squama basali antennarum externarum fere dimidio brevius, basin internarum
longitudine aequans, supra 4-dentatum, infra prope apicem 1-dentatum. Oculi
magni. Pedes antici elongati, antennis internis non breviores. Pedes 2di aequi,
crassissimi, manu magnitudine portentosa, plus dimidio longiore quam carapax,
inflata, versus basin crassiore, digito plus quadruple breviore quam manus,
sublunato, extus integro, arcuato. Hab. archipelago " Viti." Long. Q'".

Harpilius lutescens. Corpus paulo depressum. Rostrum angustum, parce
recurvatum, squama antennali paulo brevius, basi internarum multo longius,
supra 7 8-dentatum, infra prope medium 1-dentatum. Pedes antici manu
Bparsim pubescentes ; 2di angusti, manu gracili, fere lineari, digitis linearibus
vix dimidii manus longitudine. Hab. insula "Tongatabu." Long. 1'" .

Anohistia gracilis. Rostrum tenue, rectum, acutum, longum, squama
antennali fere brevius, basi antennarum internarum longius, supra 6-dentatum,
dente postico inter oculos, infra unidentatum. Antennarum internarum articuli
2dus 3tiusque perbreves. Pedes 2di longi, carpo perbrevi, apice acuto, brachio
apice externo acuto, manu subcylindrica, digitis manu fere triple brevioribus.
Hab. in mari Suluensi. Long, 'd'" .

Anchistia longimana. Rostrum elongatum, acutum, basi angustum, tenue,
supra 6-dentatum, dente postico oculis posteriore. Antennae internae elongate,
articulis basalibus 2do Stioque longissimis, apice 2di extremitatem rostri fere
attingente, 3tio dimidii rostri longitudine. Pedes 2di praelongi, asqui, brachio
apicem rostri multo superante, carpo elongate obconico, apice interne spinigero,
manu lenga angusta, digitis dimidio manus multo brevioribus. Long. 6 S"^

AxcHisTiA ENSiFRoxs. Rostrum ensiforme, valde recurvatum, squama anten-
nali non longius, apice bifidum, supra 6 7-dentatum, infra paulo dilatatum et
3-dentatum. Carapax super orbitam spina armatus, infra orbitam spinis duabus
in eadem linea horizentali. Antennae internae rostrum parce superantes. Pedes
antici graciles, apicem carpi 2di non attingentes ; 2di crassiusculi, subcylindrici,
per carpum manumque rostrum superantes, carpo lenge, apice inermi, obtuso,
manu praelenga, lineari, digitis dimidio manus paulo brevioribus. Pedes 6-se-
quentes gracillimi, longi, fere nudi. Hab. in frete "Balabac." Long. 8 ^'"^

Anchistia atjrantiaca. Corpus vix depressum. Rostrum angustum, inte-
grum, basis antennarum internarum longitudine, squama externarum paulo
brevius. Pedes antici superficie manus interna prope basin dense laxeque
pubescentes. Pedes 2di graciles, manu parce crassiore quam carpus, fere
lineari, digitis dimidio manus multo brevioribus, parce pubescentibus, angustis.
Hab. archipelago " Viti." Long. Q'".

Pal^monella texuipes. Rostrum rectum, non reflexum, squama antennali
non longius, supra 6 7-dentatum, dentibus inter se fere aeque remotis, infra
2-dentatum et non dilatatum, apice acutum. Pedes 2di valde elongati, apice
brachii apicem rostri vix superante et infra supraque acuto, carpo dimidii manus
longitudine, 'apice spina armate, digitis dimidio manus brevioribus. Pedes
6 postici gracillimi fere nudi. Hab. in marl Suluensi. Long. W.

4

26 [January,

PALiEMONELLA oRiENTALis. Rostrum lectum, non recurvatiim, squama anten-
nali non longius, apice acutum, supra 6-dentatum, dentibus inter se fere seque
distantibus, infra l-dentatum. Pedes 2di crassiusculi, subcylindrici, apice
brachii apicem rostri non attingente et non acuto, carpo breviore quam dimi-
dium manus, apice non acuto, digitis dimidio manus brevioribus. Pedes 6 pos-
tici fere nudi, graciles. Hab. in mari Suluensi. Long. 8'", (feminae ovigerae.)

Genus Pal^mon.

I. Carapax margine antico infra ocidwni spinis duahus armatus.

Pal^mon debjlis. Rostrum praelongum, gracile, paulo recurvatum, squama
antennali multo longius, apice bifidum, dimidio apicali supra integro, basali
4 6-dentato, margine inferiore 6 9-dentato. Antennarum internarum flagella
duo longe conjuncta. Pedes nudi, inermes ; Imi 2dique inter se subaequales,
parvuli, gracillimi, manu dimidio carpi paulo longiore, non incrassata. Flagel-
lum antennarum internarum minus perbreve. Yar. at, Rostrum supra 4-denta-
tum, infra 6-dentatum ; var. /3, attenuates Rostrum longissimum, supra 6-denta-
tum et infra 9-dentatum. Hab. insulis Hawaiensibus. Long. 12 15"'.

to '

Pal^emon exilimanus. Rostrum lanceolatum, apice brevi deflexum, supra
paulo arcuatum et 6-serratum, infra 3-serratum, squamam antennalem non
superans. Flagella duo antennarum internarum parce conjuncta. Pedes antici
gracillimi, manu plus duplo breviore quam carpus ; 2di non crassiores, nudi,
manu duplo longiore, carpo dimidio longiore quam manus, digitis dimidio manus
paulo brevioribus. Pedes duo postici tenuissimi, prorsum porrecti apicem rostri
superantes. Hab. archipelago " Viti." Long. 1^".

Pal^emon concinnus. Rostrum gracillimum, squama antennali vix longius,
basi antennarum internarum multo longius, ensiforme, fere rectum, apice bifi-
dum vel trifidum dorsoque non altius, infra remote minuteque 5-serratum, supra
5 6-serratum, dente Imo vel externo a extremitate rostri remoto, penultimo
inter oculos. Maxillipedes externi apicem basis anternarum externarum paulo
superantes, hirsuti. Pedes Imi apicem squamae antennalis fere attingentes.
Pedes duo postici praelongi, tenuissimi, articulo 4to apicem maxillipedis externi
fere attingente. Hab. archipelago " Viti." Long. ll'".

2> Carapax Tnargine antico infra ociilum spina tend, armatus ^ poneqtie hanc
alterd minor e,

Pal^mon GRANDiMANUs. 'Randall, Jour Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. 142.

Pal.emon lanceifrons. Rostrum late elevatum, lanceolatum, supra arcua-
tum et 12-serratum, apice vix recurvatum, infra 3-serratum, squamam antenna-
lem longitudine non superans. Pedes antici gracillimi, carpo plus duplo longiore
quam manus. Pedes 2di longissimi (corpore longiores), fere cylindrici, manu
graciliore et non breviore quam carpus, scabricula, digitis brevibus, superiore
hirsute. Pedes postici si prorsum porrecti apicem rostri superantes. Hah.
insula " Luzon," archipelagi Phillipensis, prope portum " Manila." Long. 2".

Pal^mon acutirostris, Rostrum lanceolatum, apice non recurvatum,
squamS. antennali non longius, supra 14 1 6-dentatum, dentibus confertis, et
usque ad apicem continuatis, infra 4 5-dentatum. Maxillipedes externi medio-
cres. Pedes antici gracillimi, manu dimidii carpi longitudine. Pedes 2di longi,
tenues, omnino bene scabri, manu paree crassiore et duplo longiore quam car-
pus, digitis dimidio manus brevioribus, apice carpi rostrum paulo superante.
Pedes sequentes inermes. Hab. insulis Haw^aiensibus. Long. 22 3".

Pal^mon equidens. Rostrum recte ensiforme, verticaliter sat latum, apice
parce reflexum, squama antennali non brevius, supra rectiusculum et 10 11-
dentatum, dentibus inter se fere aeque remotis, et supra tertiam partem dorsi
carapacis continuatis, duobus terminalibus minoribus et fere apicalibus ; infra
arcuatum et 6-dentatum. Pedes Imi rostrum multo superantes. Pedes 2di
longi, subcylindrici, subtilissimj^ spinulosi, brachii apice apicem rostri attin-
gente, Hab. in mari prope portum "Singapore." Lo7ig. A\".

CBYrHiojPS spiNULOso-MANrs. Rostrum tiiangulatum, squama antennali bre-

1852.] 27

vius, basin antennarum internarum superans. supra aeque 7-dentatum, infra prope
apicem unidentatum. Pedes 2di Imos vix superantes, minute spinulosi, manu
plus duplo longiore quam carpus, digitis dimidio manus longioribus, apice minute
cochleari-excavatis. Pedes antici nudiusculi, manu infra hirsuta. Pedes 6
postici quoque nudiusculi, articulo 5to infra parce armato, tarsis unguiculatis.
Hub. in fluminibus Chilensibus mari remotis. Long. 3i''.

Subfam. Oplophorin^.

Regulus lucidus. Rostrum praelongum recurvatum, longe acuminatum,
versus basin horizontaliter sensim latius deinde lateribus subparallelum, supra
8 9-dentatum infra 3-dentatum. Squama antennalis perangusta, rostro paulo
brevior, dentibus tribus externis parvulis. Pedes 2di crassi, manu oblonga,
digitis dimidio manus brevior, parce hiantibus. Pedes 6 postici sparsimlaxeque
pubescentes. Hab. in mari Pacifico, prope insulas " Ladrone." Long. ^"\

Regllls crimtus. Rostrum longiusculum, non recurvatum, supra 9 10-
dentatum, infra prope apicem 2-dentatum, versus basin super oculos subito
valde latior deinde posterius parce angustans. Squama antennalis rostro non
brevior, paulo lata, dentibus tribus externis prominentibus. Pedes 2di crasse
chelati, manu oblonga, digitis brevibus, hiantibus. Pedes 6 postici laxe criniti,
articulo 3tio parium 3tii 4tique infra 3 4-serrato. Hab. in mari Suluensi.
Long, 1Q"\

LegioIII. PEN^INEA.
Fam. PeNuEid^.

Penjeus carinatus. Rostrum squama antennali parce longius, paulo sinuo-
sum, extremitate styliforme, parce recurvatum, apice vix altius quam dorsum,
supra? 8-dentatum, infra 3-dentatum. Flagella antennarum internarum articulis
duobus precedentibus non longiora. Pedes 5ti 4tis non graciliores. Hab. in marl
prope portum *' Singapore. Long. 7". V.setifero affinis, sed rostrum infra 3-
dentatum.

Penjeus avirostbts. Rostrum rectum, extremitate anguste styliforme, et eden-
tatum, non recurvatum, basi supra prominenter dilatatum et 6-dentatum, infra
rectissimum, integrum, longitudine squamam antennalem non superans. Cara-
pax dorso postico non carinatus nee sulcatus. Flagella antennarum internarum
articulis duobus precedentibus non longiora. Oculi breves. Pedes 5ti 4tis multo
graciliores. Hab. in mari prope urbem " Singapore." Long. 5".

PiNiEus vELUTiNus. Carapax abdomenque omnino breviter velutini. Rostrum
rectum, bene lanceolatum, e basi ascendens, usque ad apicem supra denticulatum,
dentibus septem aeque dispositis, altero paulo posteriore, infra integrum, ciliatum,
rectum. Dorsum carapacis posticum non carinatum nee sulcatum. Pedes 2di
3tiique subaequi. Maxillipedes extern! longi, pubescentes. Segmentum caudale
utrinque minute armatum. Flagella antennarum internarum brevissima, articu-
lum ultimum parce superantia. Hab. insula " Maui Hawaiensi. '^Long. H".

Pen^tjs tenuis. Rostrum supra multidentatum (dentibus novem vel pluribus,)
parce sinuosum. Carapax dorso postice non carinatus nee sulcatus. Oculi sat
longi. Flagella antennarum internarum subaequa, carapace vix breviora. Hab,
in mari Atlantico prope portum ' Rio Negro" Patagoniae. Long. W.

Pen^xts gracilis. Gracillimus. Rostrum rectum, sat breve, oculis vix
longius, supra 5-dentatus. Antennarum internarum basis tenuis, longissimus,
carapacem longitudine aequans. Manus pedum sex enticorum carpo vix longior,
apice parce pubescens ; digiti dimidii manus longitudine. Segmentum caudale
margine tri-spinulosum ; lamella externa non articulata. Hab. in mari Suluensi.
Long. 89"'.

Stknopus ensifeeus. Carapax plerumque laevis, 2 3 sulcis obliquis interse-
catus, uno validiore e dorsi medio fere ad angulum antero-lateralem producto
et margine spinuloso, superficie carapacis antero-laterali spinulis armala; rostro
ensiformi, paulo longiore quam basis antennarum internarum, fere recto, apicem

28 [January,

vix recurvato, supra lO-dentato, infra 3-dentato. Abdomen inerme. Hab. archi-
pelago "Viti." Long. 6'",

Family EucopiDiE.

EucopiA AUSTRALis. Carapax fronte truncato-rotundatus, margine postico
profunda excavatus. Segmentum abdonninis penultinaum ultimo longius, ultimum
subulatum, lamellis caudalibus vix longius. Antennae internae externis paulo
breviores, dimidii corporis longitudine, flagello uno brevi ; externarum squama
basalis basi internarum multo longior. Maxillipedes 2di et 3tii et pedes Imi
forma consimiles, sensim increscentes, articulo penultimo anguste oblongo, digito
plus dimidio breviore quam articulus precedens. Pedes reliqui gracillimi, criniti,
palpo longo, natatorio. Hab. in mari antarctico, lat. aust. 66 12' long. occ. 149*^
24'; e stomacho Penguini lecta. Long, \" ,

The Third Kesolution of the Committee appointed to inquire into the
expediency of enlarging the Hall of the Academy, the consideration of
which had been deferred until the present meeting, was then taken up,
and adopted as follows :

Resolved, That all subscribers of One Hundred dollars and upwards,
who are not members of the Academy, shall have, during their lives, the
right to visit the Collections of the Academy, and to give orders of admis-
sion to the Museum on public days.

The Report of the Publication Committee for 1851, was read and
adopted.

The Corresponding Secretary read his Report for the last two months,
which was adopted.

The Recording Secretary read the Annual Report for 1851, which
was ordered to be published.

REPORT

OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY

For 1851.

During the past year twelve Members and eight Correspondents have been
elected.

Five members have died, to wit : Dr. Samuel George Morton, late President
of the Academy; Mr. William Hembel, formerly President of the Academy ;
Dr. John K. Townsend, Dr. Mark M. Reqve, and Mr. Richard C. Taylor.

The present number of Members of the i^ociety is 187. The w^hole num-
ber of Correspondents elected up to the present time is 551.

Besides minor and verbal communications, the following written communica-
tions have been presented for publication in the Proceedings and Journal of the
Academy.

By Louis Berlandier, M. D. Descriptions of two new species of Mexican
Wolves.

By Mr. John Cassin, seven; to wit: 1- Sketch of the Birds composing the
genera Vireo, VielL, and Vireosylvia, Bonap., with a list of those previously
known, and descriptions of three new species. 2. Descriptions of new species
of Birds of the genera Galbula and Bucco, Briss., specimens of which are in the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 3. Notes of an
examination of the Birds composing the family Caprimulgidae, in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 4. Descriptions of new
species of Birds of the family Laniadaj, specimens of which are in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 5. Note on the Cicada

1852.] 29

Cassinii, Fisher, and on the C. Septendecim, Linn. 6. Catalogue of the Capri-
mulgidae in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
7. Descriptions of Birds of the genera Laniarius, Dicrurus, Graucalus, Pipra and
Picus, specimens of which are in the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Mr. James D. Dana. Conspectus Crustaceorum quas in Orbis Terrarum
Circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Fcederatae duce, lexit et
descripsit J. D. Dana. 2 papers.

By Dr. James C. Fisher. On a new species of Cicada.

By Mr. Charles Girard. Historical Sketch of the Gordiaceae.

By Mr. Isaac Lea, two ; to wit : On the genus Acostaea of D'Orbigny, (pub-
lished in the Journal.) Memoir of the late Richard C. Taylor.

By Dr. J. L. Le conte, five ; to wit: An attempt to Classify the Longicorn
Coleoptera of the part of America North of Mexico, 2 papers, published in the
Journal. 3. Synopsis of the species of Donacia. 4. Synopsis of the Lampyridae
of Temperate North America. 5. Zoological Notes.

By Dr. Joseph Leidy, eight ; to wit : 1. Descriptions of new species of Entozoa.
Contributions to Helminthology, 4 papers. 6. Corrections and additions to
former papers on Helminthology published in the Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 7. On some American fresh-water
Polyzoa. 8. Description of a new species of fossil Crocodile, (published in the
Journal.)

By Col. George A. McCall, U. S. A. Some account of Birds found in West-
ern Texas and New Mexico, with descriptions of new species.

By Dr. David Dale Owen. Description of a new Mineral and New Earth.
(Published in the Journal.)

By Dr. David Dale Owen and Dr. Benjamin F. Shumard. Descriptions of
seventeen new species of Crinoidea, from the sub-carboniferous limestone of Iowa
and Illinois. (Published in the Journal.)

By Mr. Richard C. Taylor. Substance of Notes made during a Geological
Reconnoisance in the Auriferous Porphyry region next the Carribean Sea, in the
Province of Veraguas and Isthmus of Panama. (Published in the Journal.)

By Dr. S. W. Woodhouse. Description of the North American Jackal, Canis
frustror.

In all thirty-two papers.

Besides the above, Dr. Charles D. Meigs read, by appointment, before the
Academy, at the Hall of the University of Pennsylvania, on November 6th, a
most able, eloquent and truthful memoir of its late President, Dr. Samuel George
Morton, which was subsequently published by direction of the Society.

During the past year the prosperity and activity of the Academy have been
sustained in the most gratifying manner. Its meetings have been fully attended ;
the number of valuable communications large, and the zeal of its members in the
pursuit of its objects unabated. Its appreciation by the public is made con-
stantly more manifest, in the numero^as visitors to its collections, and in the
interest shown by the community in its results.

We have had, however, to regret, during this period, the loss by death of
several of our most active and distinguished members. After what has been
written by so much abler pens, however, it would be presumptuous to attempt
to add, in this place, anything in testimony of their merits and attainments, or in
expression of the esteem in which they were held among us.

All of which is respectfully submitted by

B. Howard Rand,

Recording Secretary.

Philadelphia f Jaiuiary21thj 1852.

Dr. Bridges from the Publication Committee, announced the publica-
tion of Part 2, vol. 2, new series of the Journal.

The following Resolution offered by Dr. Fisher, was adopted.

30 [February,

Resolved, That the income of the Stott legacy be applied to the pay-
ment of the expense of publication of papers ordered by the Academy
for the Journal.

The Auditors reported that they had examined the Report of the
Treasurer for 1851, and had found it correct.

The Academy then proceeded to an election for Standing Committees
for 1852. The Tellers announced the following result :

Ethnology, John S. Phillips, James C. Fisher, Robert Pearsall;
Coinjyarative Anatomy and General Zoology, Joseph Leidy, Edward
Hallowell, John Neill ; Mammalogy^ James C. Fisher, E. J. Lewis,
S. W. Woodhouse ; Ornithology, John Cassin, Edward Harris, T. B.
Wilson; Herpetology and Ichthyology, E. Hallowell, John Cassin,
William Keller; Conchology, Isaac Lea, T. B. Wilson, W. S. W.
Ruschenberger ; Entomology and Crustacea, S. S. Haldeman, Robert
Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger; Botany, R. Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger,
Gravin Watson; T alceontology , T. A. Conrad, Joseph Leidy, B. Howard
Rand; Geology, J. Price Wetherill, Theodore F. Moss, Aubrey H.
Smith; Mineralogy, Wm. S. Yaux, Samuel Ashmead, Charles M.
Wetherill; P%sics, Benj. H. Coates, James C. Fisher, Wm. Parker
Foulke; Library, Thomas B. Wilson, Robert Bridges, Robert E. Pe-
terson; Proceedings, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Joseph Leidy, W. S. AV.
Ruschenberger.

ELECTION.

Samuel Webber, M. D., of Charlestown, N. Hampshire, was elected a
Correspondent, and Caspar W. Sharpless, of Philadelphia, was elected a
Member of the Academy.

February Zd.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

The following communication was read from Henry A. Ford, M. D.,
dated Glasstown, G-aboon River, West Africa, Nov. 10th, 1851, on the
characteristics of the Troglodytes Grorilla, accompanying the very fine
skeleton of that animal presented by him to the Academy, and announced
this evening.

"The skeleton that I have the honor of presenting to your Society, is that of the
newly discovered species of Orang, which was first described by Drs. Savage
and Wyman, (in the Boston Journal of Natural History, 1847) and by them called
Troglodytes Gorilla, and by the natives on this coast, "Ngena."

The earliest distinct notice of this species of Orang was made, I believe, by
Bowditch in 1817, on his return from his Ashantee Mission in a vessel that
visited this river on its passage to England from Cape Coast Castle. His de-
scription, though in many respects incorrect, doubtless refers to this species, as
the name and locality sufficiently identify the animal he describes with the
specimen I have obtained.*

I would also remark here, that all subsequent information, as well as all the
specimens in the hands of Europeans, have been obtained in this river.

This animal inhabits the range of mountains that traverse the interior of

* See Mission to Ashunlee byT. Edward BowdilchEsq., 4to, London, 1819. Chapter on
Gaboon River.

1852.] 31

Guinea, from the Cameroons on the north to Angola on the south, and about 100
miles inland, and called by Geographers Crystal Mountains. The limit to which
this animal extends either north or south, I am unable to define. But that limit
is doubtless some distance north of this river. I was able to certify myself of this
fact in a late excursion to the head waters of the Mooney (Darger) river, which
comes into the sea some 60 miles from this place. I was inlormed (credibly I
think) that they were numerous among the mountains in which that river rises,
and far north of that. In the south this species extends to the Congo river, as I
am told by native traders who have visited the coast between the Gaboon and
that river. Beyond that I am not informed. This animal is only found at a
distance from the coast in most cases, and according to my best information,
approaches it nowhere so nearly as on the south side of this river, where they
have been found within ten miles of the sea. This, however, is only of late
occurrence- I am informed by some of the oldest Nysorgine men that formerly
he was only found on the sources of the river, but that at present he may be
found within half a day's walk of its mouth.

Formerly, he inhabited the mountainous ridge where Bushmen alone inhabited,
but now he boldly approaches the Nysorgine plantations. This is doubtless the
reason of the scarcity of information in years past, as the opportunities for re-
ceiving a knowledge of this animal have not been wanting : traders having for
100 years frequented this river, and specimens, such as have been brought here
within a year, could not have been exhibited without having attracted the at-
tention of the most stupid.

I shall not attempt in this sketch to give the osteology of the Ngena as the
skeleton itself will demonstrate that. I will, however, make some remarks upon
his appearance and habits, color and hair.

At adult age the Ngena is of a dark or iron gray color the hair being black
at its extremities, but white next the skin, which produces the grizzly appearance
1 have described. In a young one that I have seen, it was black down to the skin
like that of the Troglodytes Niger. I am informed by one of the head men of this-
tribe, that they sometimes are found white. He had seen one of this description
to the N. E. of this at the foot of the mountains. This may have been the effect
of old age, as the animal is reported to have been full sized. It is a general
opinion that it becomes lighter by age.

The hair diflers from that of the Troglodytes Niger, in its greater thickness
and length. On the neck, back and limbs, it is not less than six inches. It also
presents a more shaggy appearance from its slight curl at the extremities. The
length of hair, together with the thickness of skin and the great developement of
muscle hereafter to be described, give the Ngena a hugeness that can hardly be
conceived from a simple examination of the skeleton.

Bowditch's assertion that he was apparently four feet in diameter through the
shoulders is as correct as most other statements in his book. The specimen
sent was three and a half feet from the extremity of the hair on one shoulder
to that on the other, and yet this is by no means the largest specimen that has been
obtained.

Sii?i. The skin is very thick on the exposed parts of the body. On the arms,
shoulders, back and limbs, the thickness is one fourth of an inch ; on the head over
the crest three fourths of an inch thick ; the great thickness prevented my pre-
serving it.

Head The most prominent feature in the fresh subject, as well as in the
skeleton, is the crest or ridge in the course of the parieto-parietal suture^ increasing
in height from before backwards to a point directly over the intersection of this
suture with the occipito-parietal which is the highest point. This crest is not
chiefly formed by the bony ridge on the skull, but by the thickness of the scalp
before mentioned, and by the length and stiffness of the hair, which is always
erect.

This crest the animal when enraged is said to draw forward, giving him an

appearance more fierce than ordinary, which is frightful enough. This crest gives

the face and head a more anthropoid appearance than the dried skull presents.

This projection gives it the appearance of a forehead. The face, unlike that of the

32 [February,

Chimpanzee, is covered with short hair, except about the mouth and nose. The
eyes are moderately large, not prominent, of a dark chestnut color.' The nose
is broad, projecting a very little above the surface of the face. The alae are of
thin and loose skin, capable of considerable distension. The mouth is very wide
the upper lip thick and hairless. The lower lip is a huge muscular flop, very
distensible, which the animal drops over his chin when he is enraged, making his
appearance exceedingly terrific.

The ears are disproportionally small ; they are hairless and stand out from the
head. The muscles of the head are large, filling up a large part of the depressions
between the ridges of the scull. The auricular group not large, but the tempo-
ral, pterygoid and masseter muscles are of great strength, as might be supposed
from the size of the inferior maxillary bone. The neck is of moderate length,
but of great size, chiefly owing to the great length of the spinous processes of the
several vertebrae, but increased by the thickness of skin and length of hair. The
circumference of neck of this specimen was one foot and ten inches.

The chest is narrow anteriorly and superiorly, but the contents of the entire
cavity large, the lower end of the sternum projecting, and the sternal cartilages, ex-
cept the first three, long. The circumference of the chest, after the evacuation of the
thorax and abdominal viscera, was four feet four inches. These viscera were
evacuated by the natives before I received the body. All the muscles of the
chest are largely developed, as are also all the muscles of the trunk.

The arms, it will be seen from the skeleton, are longer in proportion to the trunk,
than are those of the small Chimpanzee, and are covered with a great weight of
muscle.

At the insertion of the deltoid the circumference in this specimen was one
foot and four inches. The fore arm also is well supplied and covered with hair.
The circumference of the wrist was one foot.

The palm of the hand was large, while the fingers and thumb appeared small
in proportion to the strength of the arm and fore arm. The palm and surface of
the hand and fiUi^ers is covered with a thick black skin very little adherent to th6
true skin beneath, and in appearance resembling a leathern glove. It was re-
moved entire, after maceration. The dorsal surface is covered with hair. The
abdomen is large, and covered with lighter colored hair than the back.

The genital organs, in both male and female, are small, but in other respects
similar to the smaller species.

This animal is tailless and has no calosities. The lower limbs are very short
and slightly curved, but the most remarkable peculiarity is the size of the muscles
which cover the femur, i. e. those having their origin on the anterior and inferior
surface of the pelvis, and their insertion on the femur, together with the extensors
and flexors of the legs. Their weight in this case was 18 lbs. The muscles of
the leg and foot are not as fully developed as those of the thigh. In the shape of
the foot he resembles other Orangs. The weight of this specimen was 170 lbs.
without the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscera.

Food. He feeds on the various roots and fruits found in the forest. He is,
however, to some extent carnivorous, according to my most reliable information.

When man is his prey, he devours him as he does animals that he can catch,
though his sluggishness prevents his taking many animals as prey.

The Ngena generally walks on all fours, with his feet placed flat on the ground,
like a man, the thighs being flexed upon the leg, at an acute angle.

The open hands are placed on the around posteriorly and externally to the
feet, the arms being nearly parallel to the axis of the body, and thus supporting
the body posteriorly to the feet, and not anteriorly, as some have supposed. They
act the part of hind rather than fore feet.

The gait is an oscillating motion, caused by carrying forward the extremities
of one side at a time, while the body is balanced to the opposite side; then alter-
nately moving the other limbs with a return motion of the body. This is the
movement 1 have seen in the young animal. Besides this gait, 1 am led to be-
lieve that in the forest he has a semi-erect posture, supporting h'mself by bushes
and trees as they come in his way.

He sometimes walks erect, and always rises on his feet when making an
attack, though he approaches his antagonist in the stooping posture.

1852.] 33

The Ngena is represented as the most terrible monster of his native forests.
His appearance is hideous even when dead. Among the natives he is the subject
of many allegories, in which he acts some distinguished part, perhaps that of a
king or a conqueror perhaps a defender or a destroyer. In the forests he seems
to be the implacable enemy of man.

Though he never lies in wait, yet when he hears, sees or scents a man, he im-
mediately utters his characteristic cry, prepares for an attack, and always acts on
the offensive. The cry that he utters resembles a grunt more than a growl, and
is similar to the cry of the Chimpanzee when irritated, but vastly louder. It is
said to be audible at a great distance. His preparation consists in attending the
females and young ones, by which he is usually accompanied, to a little distance.
He, however, soon returns with his crest erect and projecting forward, his nos-
trils dilated and his under lip thrown down, at the same time uttering his
characteristic yell, designing, it would seem, to terrify his antagonist; instantly,
unless he is disabled by a well directed shot, he makes an onset, and striking his
antagonist with the palm of his hands, or seizing him with a grasp from which
there is no escape, he dashes him upon the ground and lacerates him with
his tusks.

He is said to seize a musket and instantly crush the barrel between his teeth.

Some hunters are said to have permitted him to take hold of the musket and
carry it to his mouth, firing as it passes between his teeth. This will, however,
appear to lack probability, though it is stoutly maintained by the natives.

He is said to be always at war with the leopard, which he destroys if he suc-
ceeds in seizing him. The leopard, however, by his superior agility, often wears
him out. He is said to spring upon the back of the Ngena and lacerate his neck
with his teeth, escaping before he can be seized. This animal's savage nature
is very well shown by the implacable disposition of a young one that was brought
here. It was taken very young and kept four months, and many means were
used to tame it, but it was incorrigible, so that it bit me an hour before it died.

The various stories of his building houses in imitation of the natives his
covering himself with bushes, which he hurls upon his antagonist in his attacks ;
vanquishing the elephant with clubs, or even using clubs at any time, and nu-
merous other accounts given to credulous whites, are considered ridiculous by
the best informed natives. Yet every Mpongue man has a fund of such stories
which he vends to children and every one else who will listen to them with
credulity.

From my most careful inquiries I can find no one who believes that these
creatures are of the same original stock as black men, as some have reported.
By most it is considered an insult to suppose it.

Hi flesh is considered delicate eating by the tribes where he is taken, though
the JJpongues consider it quite ' vulgar fare.' The slaves here, however, carried
away the flesh as soon as it was taken from the bones of my specimen."

ii

Dr. Ruschenberger read a portion of his " Notice of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia/' the remainder of which was deferred
to the next meeting.

February V^ih,
Vice-President Wetherill in the Chair.

Dr. Ruschenberger concluded the reading of his "Notice of the
Academy."

Whereupon the following Resolutions, offered by William S. Vaux,
Esq., were unanimously adopted :

Resolved, That the Members of the Academy have listened with the
deepest interest and satisfaction to the " Notice " just read.

5

34 [February,

Resolved J That the thanks of the Academy be presented to Dr.
Ruschenberger for the labor he has bestowed in the preparation of the
able and faithful Notice read by him before the Society, and that he be
requested to furnish a copy of the same to the Committee on Proceed-
ings for publication.

Resolved, That a Committee of three members be appointed to com-
municate the foregoing Resolutions to Dr. Ruschenberger.

Committee, Mr. Vaux, Dr. Bridges and Mr. Pearsall.

The Rev. Mr. Langstroth read a paper entitled, "On the impreg-
nation of the eggs of the Queen Bee ;" which being intended for publi-
cation in the Proceedings, was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Le Conte and
Dr. Fisher.

Dr. Le Conte presented for publication in the Proceedings, the fol-
lowing papers : " Hints towards a Natural Classification of the family
Histrini of Coleopterous Insects ;" " Synopsis of the Parnidae of the
United States -j" " Synopsis of the Eucnemidee of Temperate North
America ;" all of which were referred to the following Committee : Dr.
Bridges, Dr. Leidy and Dr. Elwyn.

A letter was read from the Librarian of the British Museum, dated
Jan. 19th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of No. 10, Vol. 6, of the
Proceedings.

Also a letter from the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm,
dated April 20th, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of No. 12, Vol. 4,
and No. 1, Vol. 5, of the Proceedings.

And a second letter from the same, of same date, accompanying copies
of the Transactions and Bulletin of that Institution for 1849 and '50.

Dr. Leidy presented, for the inspection of the members, an interesting speci-
men of a fossil turtle, from the collection of Dr. D. D. Owen, made in Nebraska
territory, and sent to him, for examination, by the Smithsonian Institute. It
proves the existence of a species distinct from any of those before described from
the same region, for which the name Emys Ctdbertsonii is proposed. Its mea-
surements are as follows :

Length of the five vertebral scutes, . . .17 inches.

Transverse breadth of carapace in curve,
Height, .....
Length of middle vertical scute,
Breadth < <

Mr. Phillips announced that the collection of Minerals of the late
Mr. Gilmore, of Baltimore, was for sale.

22

6^

ti

3

it

4

<t

February Vltli.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read from the Secretary of the Trustees of the New
York State Library, acknowledging the receipt of No. 12, Vol. 6, of the
Proceedings, and of a copy of Dr. Meigs' Memoir of Dr. Morton.

From the Geological Society of London, dated June 24th and Nov.
6th, 1851, returning thanks for copies of late Nos. of the Proceedings.

Mr. Vaux, on behalf of the Committee on the subject, read a commu-

1852.] 35

nication from Dr. Kuschenberger, dated Philadelphia, Feb. 13, 1852,
in reply to the letter from the committee, enclosing a copy of the Reso-
lutions adopted at the last meeting in relation to his " Notice of the
Academy. ''

Dr. Leidy directed the attention of the members to several fossils lying on the
table, which belong to the cabinet of the Academy.

One of them is a lumbar vertebra, without the epiphyses, and with the trans-
verse processes and neural arch broken off, obtained from the Miocene of Vir-
ginia, and presented by Mr. T. Conrad. It belongs to a species of Delphinus,
most probably extinct, for which the name D. Conradi is proposed, in honor
of one who has done so much in American Palaeontology. The epiphysial extre-
mities of the vertebral body are pentahedral.

Length of vertebral body, . . . . 2i inches.

Breadth of epiphysial extremities, . . .11"

Breadth of base of transverse processes, . . H "

The other specimens consist of an entire dermal scale and the half of a second,
from the Green Sand formation of Mount Holly, New Jersey. These belong to
some Crocodilian reptile of large size. They are deeply sculptured, but possess
no carina, as in the existing Crocodiles. Possibly they may belong to the Sau-
rian, characterized from some vertebrae under the name of Cimoliasaurus magnus*
Leidy, but at present I prefer referring them to a new genus and species under
the name of Thoracosaurus\ grandis.

Long diameter of the entire scale, . . . 3i inches.

Short . . . . . . 3 *'

Greatest thickness, ..... 7 lines.

Mr. Langstroth made a few observations on the specimens of royal
cells of the Bee, presented by him this evening.

Dr. Le Conte offered the following observations :

On the Difference between Primordial Braces and Introduced Races.

A want of power to discriminate between permanent varieties developed in
species and primordial forms, has been a prolific source of confusion in all dis-
cussions regarding the plural origin of species. I propose to examine here into
some differences which, so far as lam able to learn, will form a certain basis for
this distinction, so much to be desired ; and which, should they be found, on far-
ther examination, to have the universal character which I am inclined to give
them, may have the effect of saving the world much of the muddy philosophy,
which seems to be the favorite style of ethnological writers.

The principle which I am about to lay down, is founded on the unchangeability
of certain characters, throughout an entire genus; these characters are connected
with the structure of the external parts, and may seem at first to be of but slight
importance, yet generally, on close examination, they will be found more or less
intimately connected with the functions which the animal is destined to perform
in the system of nature.

Now, it is a singular fact, that all the varieties of domestic animals and plants,
which can be clearly shown to have originated in unmixed breeds, differ from their
parent stocks by characters which, except in the case of these, so to speak, artifi-
cial varieties, are unchangeable in the genus. Thus, these artificial varieties
would seem to differ from their parent stocks, not by characters which are of
specific value, but by those which are of incomparably greater importance, and
which, if not accompanied by identical organization in all other organs, would
widely separate the beings which possess them from their parents. In many

* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. vol. v, p. 325. f 5*^ a coal of mail.

36 [February,

instances the characters possessed by the artificial varieties, are absolutely
impossible in the plan on which the genus, or even the order, is created.

Instances of such permanent varieties may be readily recalled by every one ;
some of the most familiar are : the hornless variety of domestic cattle; the" tail-
less variety of domestic cat, found in the Isle of Man ; the long-haired cat, known
as the Angora, or Persian cat; the various forms of fowls with additional toes,
and without tails ; the varieties of pigeons and fowls with uncouth and distorted
arrangement of plumage.

The origin of some of these is lost in the depths of the past, while others are
continually being introduced.

In all the examples cited above, it will be found that the monstrosity depends
on the loss of a character belonging to every species of the genus or tribe to
which the parent stock belongs, or on the assumption of a character not found in
any species or genus of that group.

In the case of the hornless cattle, the part wanting, if not entirely coextensive
with the order of ruminants, is at least essential to the genus Bos.

In the anomalously feathered varieties of fowls and pigeons, the animal assumes
structures either unknown in the groups to which it belongs, or else (as in the
case of the * ruffler') entirely impossible in any species of bird whatever.

The novelty in this principle is, that in the disputed cases of plural origin, the
slightness of the unchangeable differences, found in different races, becomes a
very strong, and, indeed, an invincible argument against the supposition that they
have been derived from each other by the operation of external or internal causes.

The advocates of the single origin of man or of dogs, are therefore in the
unpleasant predicament of having proved too much, since the difference between
the latter, on comparison with undeniable distinct wild species of wolf and fox,
are in those characters which alone can manifest specific distinction.

In the case of man the differences are in such particulars as alone could be
changed without degrading him from his place at the head of the organic world.

It is almost needless for me to add that this principle extends to the vegetable
kingdom, as every one will at once see in greenhouse and domestic plants, that
the cultivated varieties are distinguished from each other by important structural
differences, not recognized in the genera to which they belong.

In all species or races there are individual differences of less importance than
specific characters, which by care may be isolated, and form what are apparently
races. Thus snub noses almost invariably reproduce snubs ; aquiline noses, in
the same way, continue in families for numbers of generations. Yet, not to speak
of the unimportance of such marks, these cases may be distinguished by the fre-
quency with which exceptions occur. The numerous varieties of cultivated
fruits come under this head.

Fehriiary 24:fh.

Vico President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee to which was referred the following papers by Dr. Le
Coute, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Hints tovjards a Natural Classification of the Family Histrini of ColeojHcrous

hisecls.

' By John L. Le Conte, M.D.

It is rarely that any subject treated by the illustrious Erichson is found capable
of improvement. It is therefore with rehictance and hesitation that after a mi-
nute study of the North American species oi Hister, I find myself under the

1852.] '^'^ 37

necessity of proposing important modifications of the arrangement adopted by
him.*

The great increase in the number of our species, since the publication of the
monograph of Histers by my father,t has made me acquainted with many varia-
tions of structure, too unimportant to serve as foundations for separate genera,
yet absolutely incapable of entering any of the genera established by Erichson.
Some of these anomalous species have been described by me in the Annals of the
Lyceum of Natural History, vol. 5.

By a careful comparison of such forms with the species to which, by obvious
characters, they are most nearly allied, I have been led to believe that the genera
in this group have been unnecessarily increased, by the use of principles of
division which are by no means of generic value, and which scarcely serve to
define small groups of species.

I allude more especially to the structure of the tibiae, which holds so important
a place in the system of Erichson. The difficulty of deciding upon such an indis-
tinct character as the form of the tarsal groove of the anterior tibiae, and the
decidedly variant structure of the posterior tibiae in several of the genera, has
led me to reject entirely the characters drawn from those parts of the body. The
special variations referred to will be exposed more fully under the genera Hister
and Saprinus below.

Following Erichson, I have divided the genera into three groups according to
the position of the head and the form of the prosternum. The genera may after-
wards be separated according to the following table :

\. Caput porrectum : prosternum antice non lobatum.

Mandibulce dentatae Hololkpta Payk.

Mandibulae dentatae, prosternum latum planum . . iPhyllomaEf.
Mandibulae dentatae, prosternum elevatum, subacu-

minatum i Oxysternus Er.

B. Caput retractum ; prosternum antice valde lobatum.

a. Scrobiculi antennales antici.

1. Tarsi antici unguiculo unico i Cypturus Er.

2. Tarsi omnes biunguiculati.

Mandibulae porrectae, antennae sub frontis margine insertae,

capitulo 3-articulato . . . . ^ Hister Linn.
Mandibulae porrectae, antennae sub frontis margine insertae,

capitulo solido, truncato ..... sHet^erius Er.

Mandibulae retractae, antennae in frontis margine insertae,

capitulo 3-articulato, rotundato, .... Epierus Er.
Mandibulae retractae, antennae in frontis margine insertae,

capitulo 3-articulato, truncato .... Tribalus Er.

b. Scrobiculi antennales niedii, laterales.

Antennae articulo Svo latiore ..... Dendrophiltts Leach.

Antennae articulo Svo non latiore . . . Paromalus Er.

C. Caput retractum, prosternum antice non lobatum.

a. Antennae sub frontis margine insertae.
Mandibulae exsertae ; scrobiculi antennales antici . C^rosternus n. g.

Mandibulae exsertae; scrobiculi antennales ad prosterni

latera sit| ........ 4 Saprinus Leach.

Mandibulae clypeo obtectae ... . . . . ^Trypon^us Er.

* Klug's Jahrbiicher fiir Insectenkunde.

f Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. V. p. 32.

1 No North American species.

2 Including Omalodes Er.; Platysoma Leach, Er: (?) Plaesius Er. and (?) Placodes Er,
I have not examined the last two genera, but the description furnishes no good charac-
ters for separating them.

3 Hister brunnipennis Rand., and a new species. 4 Includnig Pachylopus Er.

^^ [February,

b. Antennae in frontenn insertae.
Scrobiculi antennales medii, laterales, prosterno subpro-

ducto ......... Teretrius Er.

Scrobiculi antennales ad prosterni latera siti . . . Plegaderus Er.

Scrobiculi antennales antici Onthophilus Leach.

Scrobiculi antennales medii, laterales, prosterno truncate Abr;eus Leach.

HisTER Linne.

I have included in this genus Omalodes and Platysoma; as they are founded
on slight differences in the form of the tibiae. Plaesius and Placodes will also
probably enter here ; at least I cannot find anything to separate them, except
differences in the spines of the posterior tibiae.

The posterior tibiae of this genus, are generally broad, and externally armed
with two series of spines : sometimes a range of bristles on the posterior face of
the tibiae is enlarged so as to simulate a third row of spines ; sometimes (Hister
arcuatus Say) the whole outer surface of the tibiae is rough with confused spines ;
in H. costatus (n. sp.) the posterior tibiae are narrow, and the spines are very
fme : these tibiae are usually not toothed on the outer margin, yet in H. sexstri-
atus Lee. they are distinctly four-toothed : they are also toothed in the species
referred to Omalodes and Platysoma, the number of teeth in the latter being
variable, and the teeth themselves frequently indistinct: they are entirely smooth
in some small species allied to H. subrotundus, and belonging to Erichson's 3d
division ; the posterior feet are smooth, and the intermediate ones armed with a
single tooth near the apex in H. corticalis Lee. ; finally, the posterior tibiae are
broad, very much compressed and finely serrate in Omalodes Harrisii Lee.

The anterior tibiae are broad, compressed and more or less distinctly toothed
on the outer margin, usually with a single row of very short articulated spines;
on the anterior face is a groove for the reception of the tarsus ; the inner margin
of this groove is sharply defined; the outer margin indistinct, in most species ;
more distinct in the species referred to Omalodes ; some of the species of Platy-
soma have the outer margin distinct, while in others (H. Carolinus Payk.) it is
quite indistinct. The species, with the exception of the large tropical species,
which would probably form a separate division, can be arranged according to
the following table ; the internal marginal stria of the thorax, when it exists, is
entire, and extends around the whole apex of the thorax ; the outer stria always
ends at the anterior angle.

A. Thorax stria marginali interiore integerrima, antice ambiente.

* Thorax stria marginali margini valde approximata.
Thorax stria marginali unica ; (tibiae posteriores dentatae.) Omalodes Er. 1.
Thorax striis marginalibus duabus ; (tibiae post valde compressae serrulatae.) 2.

** Thorax stria marginali interiore a margine remota.

a. Thorax margine ciliato ; (scrobiculi antennales non profundi.)

Tibiae posteriores dilatatae ........ 3.

Tibiae posteriores tenues. ........ 4.

b. Thorax margine glabro ; (scrobiculi antennales profundi.)

a. Tibiae posteriores subdentatae ....... 5.

b. Tibiae posteriores biseriatim spinulosie.
f Mesosternum emarginatum.

cL. Epipleurae excavatae unistriatae : (tibiae anticae multidentatae) . 6.

/3. Epipleurae non excavatae, pluristriatae.

Tibiae anticae parce dentatae, epipleurae bistriatac . . . . 7.

Tibira anticae parce dentatae, epipleurae tristriatae . . . .8.

Tibifjc anticae serrulatae vel muticae, epipleurae bistriatas . . .9.

ft Mesosternum truncatum.

Epipleurae bistriatae . 10.

Epipleuraj angustissimac, unistriatac , . . . ; . .11.

1852.] 39

B. Thorax stria marginal! interiere nulla.

t Mesosternum truncatum; prosternum bistriatum.

Prosternum striis parallelis: (thorax stria exteriore nulla, corpus depresstim) 12.
Prosternum striis convergentibus : (thorax stria exteriore distinctavel nulla,

corpus convexum) ......... 13.

ft Mesosternum emarjiinatum : prosternum estriatum. {Platysoma hedich.)

Prosternum postice planum, (corpus depressum) 14.

Prosternum postice compressum et marginatum, (corpus cylindricum) . 15.

The species found in the United States may be distributed as follows :

1, corresponds to Omalodes Er. : the only United States is H. borealis (Omalo-
des borealis Lee.)

2, contains only H. planipes (Omalodes Harrisii Lee.) The name Harrisii
being preoccupied for a species of group 6, must of course be changed.

3, contains H. arcuatus Say; binotatus Lee; laevipes Er. and a new species
allied to arcuatus.

*5, is composed of a Californian species, H. 6-striatus Lee. (An. Lye. ,1.)

6, contains H. interruptus Beauv. {ohtusatus Harris) ; merdarius Payk ; im-
munisEr; Harrisii Kirby ; diversus Er. (stjjgicus hec.) ; fcedatns Lee. ; cogna-
tus Lee; marginicollis Lee, and one new species.

7, contains H. dispar Lee; indistinctus Say; depurator Say; and one new
species.

8, H. spretus Lee. ; curtatus Lee. ; and two new species.

9, H. civilis Lee; ccenosus Er. {decisus Lee); punctifer Payk; abbreviatus
Fabr. ; bifidus Say, and perhaps H. repletus Lee. which I have not examined; it
is doubtful whether H, punctifer is really a native of our territory ; the only one
found may have been introduced.

10, H. sedecimstriatus Say; americanus Payk. ; exaratus Lee. ; and two new
species.

11, contains only H. bimaculatus Linn, {plliqmis Say).

12, H. venustus Lee and corticalis Lee. Small flat species having the ap-
pearance of Platysoma ; the posterior tibiae are almost glabrous ; H. venustus
has the lobe of the prosternum shorter than any other species I have seen.

13, H. subrotundus Er.and H.'vernus Say; small convex species, one of which
has an entire marginal stria on the thorax, the other none. A new species from
Mexico has an abbreviated stria at the margin of the thorax.

14, contains the small flat species forming the genus Platysoma Leach as
amended by Erichson, the posterior tibiae are more or less distinctly toothed.
Our species are : H. carolinus Payk. ; depressus Payk. ; parallelus Say ; coarcta-
tus {Platy. coarctaticm Lee) ; and a new species.

15, Cylindrical species allied to the preceding; H. cylindricus Payk. ; attenua-
tns (Plati/. atte?i7cat2imhec.) ', gracilis {Platys, gracile Lee, P. cylindrianiiX
Er., Hister frontalisW Say.)

CiEROSTERNUS.

Caput deflexum, mandibulis retractis sed non obtectis, acutis.

Antennae sub frontis margine insertae, funiculo filiformi, capitulo triarticulato,
ovali, compresso, apice subtruncato.

Prosternum latum quadratum, utrinque truncatum ; scrobiculi antennales angusti
profundi ad angulum thoracis inferne siti. Tibiae anticae compressae, subdila-
tatae, posteriores tenues glabrae ; tarsi posteriores non recepti.

The body is globose, very convex ; the abdomen perpendicularly deflexed at
the tip : the funiculus of the antennae is filiform, the first joint longer and a little
thicker than the others ; the prosternum is very broad, truncate posteriorly, very
slightly rounded anteriorly; the cavities for the antennae are very deep^ situated

* Group 4 is founded upon a curious nondescript Mexican species, H. rostatus, in
which the striae of the elytra are replaced by elevated ridges.

40 fFEBRUARY,

at the anterior angles, between the upper and under surface of the prothorax, and
open laterally. Only two species are known to me, 1. C. american^is
{Trlbalus ameriea /IU.S L,ec.) and 2. C. 1 ae v i s s i m u s, with the upper surface
very smooth and shining, the epipleurce less suddenly inliexed than in C. ameri-
canus, with only two very fine lateral strice ; the dorsal striae of the elytra ob-
solete: length -10. It is found in Cuba under the bark of trees, and was sent by
Don Felipe Poey. The body is narrower and more elevated than the preceding.

Saprinus Leach.

The posterior tibioe of this genus are usually but little dilated; the external
margin is furnished with three series of spines; some of the species of group
9, have four confused series (S. palmatus), others have the spines very dense
and occupying a large surface (S. sulcifrons). On account of these variations I
am inclined to unite Pachylopus (Er.) with this genus, although the singular
sexual character mentioned by Erichson is not found in any Saprinus. At all
events, if Erichson's species should remain as a distinct genus, it must be upon
very distinct characters from those indicated by him.

The species known to me may be arranged as follows :

A. Caput antice non marginatum ; prosternum compressum, elevatum, pla-
num ; epipleuraB tristriatae.

Prosternum striis utrinque divergentibus. . . . , . .1.

Prosternum striis antice conjunctis, postice parallelis. . . . .2.

B. Caput antice non marginatum; epipleurae bistriatae.

Prosternum transverse convexum, striis nullis 3.

Prosternum transverse convexum, antice utrinque foveatum, striis parallelis,

antice abbreviatis 4.

Prosternum transverse convexum, non foveatum, striis antice divergentibus 5.
Prosternum transverse convexum, antice utrinque foveatum, striis remotis

divergentibus . . . . . . . . . .6.

Prosternum compresso-carinatum, striis remotis divergentibus . . .7.

C. Caput antice marginatum, prosternum striis valde approximatis, postice
divergentibus, antice non divergentibus.

Prosternum compressum, striis integris, antice convergentibus . . .8.
Prosternum compresso-carinatum, striis conniventibus, saspius indistinctis 9.
The United States species may be distributed as follows :

1, Contains two Californian species : S. alienus Lee. ; discoidalis Lee. ; the
latter approximates somewhat to division C ; and in some specimens there is a
very faint trace of the double line found on the front of the species belonging
to that division.

2, S. deletus Lee; interceptus Lee.

3, S. interstialis Lee. ; a singular oblong species, with the striae of the elytra
nearly parallel.

4, S. obscurus Lee. ; pectoralis Lee. ; paeminosus Lee. ; all from California.

5, S. lugens Er. {californicus Man.) ; Oregonensis Lee. ; imperfectus Lee. ;
impressus Lee. ; infaustus {jpiceus^ Lee.) ; pensylvanicus Er. ; and three new
species.

6, S. conformis Lee.; assimilis Er. ; minutus Lee.; placidus Er.; insertus
Lee. ; obductus Lee. ; ciliatus Lee. ; vinctus Lee. ; laridus Lee. ; scissus Lee. ;
and one new species.

7, S. vestitus Lee; fimbriatus Lee; plenus Lee; vitiosus Lee; lubricus
Lee; ccerulescens Lee; all from California; and three new species, two of
which are from Missouri Territory, and the other from Georgia.

8, S. sphaeroides Lee (/^-t'o-e^ier Lee) ; fraternus Lee ; mancus Lee (Jlister
mancus Say) ; estriatus Lee ; bigemmeus Lee ; and one new species.

9, Contains species found near the sea shore ; they may be arranged in two
groups, according to the structure of the posterior tibiae.

Those with the spines in three series are: S. patruelis Lee; lucidulus Lee

Those with the spines more numerous and confused are : S. dimidiatipennis Lee

(var. Ilister falmatas Say) ; sulcifrons Man. ; serrulatus Lee ; and gaudens Lee. ;

1852.]

41

these species were referred by me to the genus Pachylopus (vide Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. 5.) The epipleurae of these last are marked with three striae.
The spines on the tibiae of S. dimidiatipennis are less numeroas than in the
others, and form four tolerably distinct series.

Synopsis of the ParniDjE of the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

As I have concluded, for reasons detailed below, to introduce the anomalous
genus Eurypalpus into this family, I have found it necessary to substitute an en-
tirely new diagnosis for the one given by Erichson. The one proposed by me,
in order to include the new genus, is as follows:

AjitetincB frontales, no7i capitatce ; oculi rotundati, mandibidce retractce ; coxce
anticcB vel sitbcylindriccB, vel globosce. acetabulis e prostenio et metathoracis epi-
sternis compositis receptee ; pedes ambulatorii^ tarsi 5-articiilati ^ cyliiidriciy
unguicidari ornaximCjUnguihus validis armato ; trochanteres simplices ; abdomeii
5 l-articulatuviy articulis anteiiorib%Ls immobilibus.

The character which especially distinguishes this family is the structure of the
tarsi, which enables the species to grasp firmly objects resting in strong currents
of water. This family may be divided into three groups.

Div. 1, Ezcrypalpini,

Caput exsertum, ore inferno, labro distincto, inter antennas transverse eleva-
tum ; coxae anficas transversae, trochantino valde conspicuo; parapleurae appen-
diculatae ; abdomen 7-articulatum.

EuRYrALPusj Dej.

Antennae serratae 11-articulatae ; palpi maxillares valde elongati, articulo ulti-
mo latiore, securiformi, apice subacuto ; labiales brevissimi, articulo ultimo
minuto subulato.

This very remarkable genus is mentioned by name in Dejean's Catalogue, and
is placed by that author towards the beginning of bis group Malacodermata, near
Cyphon, with which, however, it seems to have but little affinity. Erichson,
probably never having seen the insect, referred it upon Dejean's authority, to
Cyphones, with a doubt. (Vide Agassiz Nom. Zool.) A close comparison with
other groups has convinced me, that although its affinities in any direction are
difficult to discover, it must still be considered as forming a part of the present
family.

The body is depressed, narrowed in front, obtusely rounded behind. The
mandibles are small, acute and entirel)'' concealed by the broad and emarginate
labrum ; the mentum is trapezoidal ; the ligula short, square and slightly emar-
ginate at tip. The prosternum is truncate in front, prolonged behind into an
acute point which passes in a narrow groove extending the whole length of the
mesosternum. The anterior coxae are precisely as in Helichus ; the posterior
coxae are slightly laminate and dilated interiorly as in Helichus, but are conti-
guous at their base ; the parapleurse are broadly truncate at the external posterior
angle, and the parallelogram is completed by a large triangular plate. The ab-
domen is 7-jointed, the first three joints are immovable, the 5th deeply emar-
ginate, the 6th retracted so as to have only the edge visible, the last joint almost
round; the feet have the last joint much longer than the other four united, with
strong simple claws.

The larva resembles in appearance a Trilobite, and has been described by
De Kay as a Crustaceous animal under the name Fluvicola Herricki. It is en-
tirely aquatic, and breathes by means of branchial filaments, the principal ot
which proceed from the anus. For a full description o{ it and the pupa see
Agassiz' Lake Superior. It bears a close comparison with the larva of Elmis by
Erichson, (Deutschl. Insect. 525).

6

42 [February,

The perfect insect lives on bushes over the surface of running water, and is
also found creeping over the wet stones in torrents ; the under surface of the
body is sericeous, with fine fulvous hair, perfectly like Helichus.

I.E. Lecontei, subdepressu?, ater, subtiliter punctulatus et pubescens,
thorace antice fortiter angustato, basi bisinuato, angulis posticis acutis, elytris
marginatis, lineis elevatis minus distinctis, pedibus rufis. Long. -2.

Western New York and Pennsylvania. The great facilities and assistance
which my father, Major Le Conte, has constantly extended to me in my scientific
labors, will be a sufficient excuse for my continuing the name under which this
curious insect is mentioned by Dejean, and by which it is already known to a
large number of European entomologists.

Div. 2. Dryopini Er.
Coxae anticae transversae, trochantino conspicuo, abdomen 5-articuIatum.

Lara.

Caput porrectum, subtus non obtectum; antennae simplices elongatae.

Body elongate, narrowed and subacute anteriorly. Head not deflexed ; anten-
nae with the first joint cylindrical, a little longer and thicker than the two follow-
ing, which are equal ; the fourth is a little shorter; the rest are broken off, (pro-
bably serrate. The labrum is large and broad, rounded in front, and scarcely
emarginate ; the mandibles slightly emarginate at tip. Mentum trapezoidal,
ligula broad, truncate in front. Prosternum with a short point behind, which
fits into the excavated mesosternum; middle coxae moderately distant; posterior
coxae contiguous at base, very slightly and gradually dilated internally. Legs as
in Helichus. The body above and beneath coated with very fine pubescence.

This genus seems to be the desired link connecting the anomalous form Eury-
palpus with the true Parnidae ; the abdomen, coxae and feet are precisely the
same as in the latter, while the long simple antennae are anomalous in this sub-
division ; the large uncovered labrum is not seen in this subdivision, but is found
in Elmis, Macronychus, &c., of the next subdivision, to which, however, it
cannot be referred on account of the transverse form of the anterior coxae. The
thorax is much narrowed in front, with the posterior angles acute; scutellum
large, acute; elytra almost parallel, rounded at apex. The genus is named after
a water nymph.

1. L. a vara, olivaceo-picea, thorace confertim grosse punctato, lateribus bi-
sinuatis, disco elevato, canaliculate, margine antico late depresso, elytris nitidis
subtiliter striate punctatis, pone basin oblique impressis. Long. '3.

Sacramento, California, Mr. Rathvon. The thorax has the disc suddenly ele-
vated and canaliculate, so as to present two large bosses, the lateral margin is a
little excavated anteriorly and posteriorly; the alternate interstitial spaces of
the elytra are more distinctly sericeous ; the feet are black, the femora at base
ferruginous.

LuTRocHus Er. (Ins. Deutschl. 509.)

1. L. lute us, ovalis, convexus, aeneo-luteus, subtiliter punctulatus, et bre-
vissime dense pubescens ; thorace lateribus rectis, basi bisinuata, medio leviter
producta, et truncata. Long. 12. This very remarkable insect was found by
Lieut. H. Haldeman, U. S. A., at Fort Gates in Texas ; for my specimens I am
indebted to his brother S. S. Haldeman. The only other species known is from
Brazil.

Pelonomus Er.

1. P. obscurus, subcylindricus, piceus, pube erecta dense vestitus, thorace
confertim punctulato, lateribus rectis obliquis, basi bisinuata, medio late trunca-
ta, angulis posticis acutis, elytris dense subtiliter punctatis, obsolete striatis,
tibiis tarsisque rufis. Long. '26.

Southern and Western States, very rare ; remarkable for the eyes being nearly
as hairy as the rest of the body.

1852.] 43

Heltcht's Er.
A. Elytra vitta autnrali nitidai fere glabra.

1. H. striatus, elongatus, atro-olivaceus, fere opacus, thorace confertim punc-
tate, latitudine vix breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, disco
ante basin elevato, medio impresso,basi subito depressa, utrinque foveata, elytris
striis punctatis sat profundis, interstitiis alternatim paulo elevatis, sutura nitida.
Long. "24. Vermont. C. B. Adams.

2. H. basal is, minus elongatus, obscure olivaceus, subnitidus, thorace
punctato, latitudine breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus versus basin valde
inflexis, disco ante basin transversim elevato. basi depressa, elytris seriatim
foveatis, seriebus internis duabus minus distinctis, usque ad striam 3'^'" nitidis.
Long. "IQ.

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer. Troy, (N. Y.) Prof. Adams. This species
was given me by Dr. Melsheimer as Parims fastigiatits Say, from vi'hich it
differs by having the posterior angles of the thorax rectangular ; the hairs on the
shining part of the elytra are sparse, but not at all fasciculate.

3. H. foveatus, elongatus, atro-olivaceus, fere opacus, thorace confertim
punctato, latitudine non breviore, antrorsum rotundato, minus angustato, disco
versus basin minus subito depresso, utrinque foveato, elytris striis grosse punc-
tatis interstitiis internis tribus nitidis. Long. '20.

Sta. Fe (New Mexico.) Fendler.

4. H. suturalis, elongatus, obscure olivaceus, opacus, thorace confertim
punctato, latitudine non breviore. antrorsum non angustato, angulis posticis rec-
tis, elytris seriatim punctatis, vitta suturali nitida. Long '20.

San Diego, California. One specimen.

B. Elytra cequaliter piihescentia.

5. H. p r o d u c t u s, elongatus, obscure olivaceus, opacus, thorace confertim
punctato, latitudine non breviore, antrorsum vix angustato, angulis posticis
acutis productis, elytris seriatim punctatis, versus suturam subnitidis. Long. 30.

San Diego.

6. H. lithophilus Er. Ins. Deutschl. 510. Elmis litJiophila Germ. Ins.
Nov. 88. Pennsylvania and New York.

7. li. Gi 1 e n sis, elongatus, obscure olivaceus, opacus, thorace confertim
punctato, antice vix angustato, lateribus ad basin paulo inflexis, angulis posticis
rectis, elytris totis opacis, seriatim punctatis. Long. '17.

One specimen found near the villages of the Pimas, in the valley of the Gila.

8. H. f a s t i g i a t u s. Pamus fastigiatics Say. Long*s Exped. 2, 275. Un-
known to me : belongs to division A.

Div. 3. Elmini Er.
Coxae anticae subglobosae ; abdomen 5-articulatum.

LiMNius Miill. Er.

1. L. fastiditus, fusco-aeneus. obiongo-ovatus, thorace punctato convexo,
angulis anticis porrectis, posticis acutis, striola basali utrinque impress, elytris
seriatim punctatis, parce punctulatis, vitta utrinque flava, Integra, ad humerum
paulo dilatata. Long. 'll. Lee. Agass. Lake Superior, 217.

2. L. elegans, niger, vix aenescens, elongato-ovatus, thorace vix punctula-
to, angulis anticis minutis, posticis rectis, striola basali utrinque impresso, elytris
seriatim punctatis, vix subtilissime punctulatis, vitta a humero ad medium,
alteraque a medio ad apicem obliquis flavis ornatis, antennis pedibusque testaceis.
Long. "09.

Massachusetts. Prof. Adams.

44 [February,

Elmis Latr.

1. E. bivittatus, piceus, elongatus cylindricus, antennis tarsisque flavis,
thorace convexo, parce punctato, rufescente, margine antico nigro,lateribus levi-
ter rotundatisj angulis posticis rectis, elytris punctato-striatis, vitta lata Integra
lutea utrinque ornatis. Long. '14.

One specimen on the Upper Mississippi; judging frona a drawing, this may be
Elmis bivittatus Dej. Cat.

2. E. quadrinotatus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 187. Elmis vittatus
Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 99. Common in the Middle States. Dr. Melshei-
mer's species, as I know by actual inspection, is only an immature specimen of
the not unusual variety with the spots confluent forming a vitta. This species
is much smaller and less cylindrical than the preceding : the feet are sometimes
entirely ferruginous.

Stenelmis Dufour.

1. S. s i nuatus, elongatus, piceus, thorace elongato, inaequali, pone apicem
magis angustato, angulis anticis porrectis, apice medio producto et rotundato,
lateribus late sinuatis, elytris punctato-striatis, interstitio 2ndo basi, 5ti'que cari-
natis, macula humerali alteraque subapicali flavis ornatis, tarsis antennisque
ferrugineis. Long. 12.

One specimen Tolula, Georgia : the thorax is elevated in the middle, deeply
channelled, and has two tubercles on each side near the margin.

2. S. cr en at us, elongatus, ater, thorace elongato, inaequali, ante medium
angustato, angulis anticis porrectis, apice medio late rotundato, lateribus late
subsinuatis, elytris punctato-striatis, interstitio 2"^" basi 5i<'que carinatis, anten-
nis ferrugineis. Long. 12.

Elmis crenatiLs Say, Long's Exped. 2, 275. Pennsylvania, Melsheimer : Ni-
agara : the thorax is less suddenly narrowed in front, and the sides not widened
at the apex, but parallel : the sculpture as in the last.

3. S. bicarinatus, elongatus, ater, thorace elongato, vix inaequali, an-
trorsum angustato, lateribus rectis, elytris profunde punctato-striatis, interstitio
5^0 carinato, vitta angusta lutea ornatis, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis. Long.
12. Ohio, Haldeman : the impressions of the thorax as in the preceding, but
very faint.

4. S. pu s i 11 u s , ater, thorace inaequali, impressione oblonga ad medium,
carinaque utrinque laterali notato, lateribus subrectis, elytris punctato-striatis,
interstitio 2"du basi, 4'" usque ad medium, Si^^^que carinatis, macula humerali,
alteraque subapicali luteis obsoletis, antennis tarsisque furrugineis. Long. '08.
Kapids of Niagara, June, abundant.

Macronychus Miill.

1. M. glabratus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 187. Pennsylvania, Melshei-
mer : Vermont, Prof. Adams.

2. M. lateralis Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 99. Unknown to me.

AiNCYRONYX Er.

1. A. variegatus Er. Ins. Deutschl. 522. Macronychus variegatus
Germ. Ins. Nov. 89 : Sturm Cat. 2"*^, 63, tab. 2, 12 : Elmis cinetus Say, Journ.
Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 18G. Pennsylvania, Vermont, Adams. Germar's name has
precedence by one year.

Although not belonging to this family the following may here be added on ac-
acount of its close relation.

Georyssus Latr.

1. G. pus ill us, rotundatus, niger, thorace subtiliter canaliculats, ante
medium vix transversim impresso, antice rugose punctato, postice lineola

1852.]

45

utrinque elevata submarginali notato, elytris fortiter seriatim punctatis. Long.
07. Platte River, Nebraska Territory : covers itselfwith a casing of mud like
the European species. The thorax is strongly margined, and has at the base
near the lateral margin a little interrupted elevated line. In one specimen the
the apex of the thorace is emarginate, but I can perceive no other difference.

Syiiopsis of the Eucnemides of Temperate North America.
By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Although many entomologists consider that the small group of Coleopterous
insects, herein treated, constitute a peculiar family, I am under the necessity,
after very careful examination, of viewing them as a mere section of the exten-
sive natural family of Elateridae, and no more entitled to a distinct place in the
series, than any other group of genera in that family.

The character which essentially distinguished the Elateridae from allied families,
as Erichson* has pointed out, is the looseness of the articulation bet ween the pro-and
meso-thorax. In order to allow of greater liberty of motion, the posterior margin
of the infixed portion of the prothorax is more or less dilated, or concave, so as
to slide over the opposing part of the messothorax.

This character, although good in theory, is nevertheless sometimes difficult to
be seen, and is less developed in the Eucnemides than in Typical Elaters : yet I
have never failed to detect it, on close observation. In the genera Cebrio and
Cerophytum it is completely wanting : the former recedes too in the prominent
mandibles, and the latter in the posterior femora being inserted at the extremity
of the elongate trochanter, instead of at its base and side, as in Elateridae and
most other Coleoptera. Although I have not yet detected the affinities of this
difficult genus, I think there can be no doubt of the propriety of entirely excluding
it both from the Elateridae and Cebrionidae.

The Buprestidae are distinguished from the Elateridae by the posterior margin
of the prothorax beneath, abutting directly against the mesothoracic segment.
More distinct characters will be found in the union of the first and second inferior
abdominal segments : the suture between them being visible only at the side :
a character of great constancy is found in the form of the eyes, which are strongly
transverse in all Buprestidae, while they are generally round in all Elateridae. In
order to include the Eucnemides with the other more typical groups, the Elate-
ridae may be thus defined.

Coleoptera pentamera antennis serratis, mandibulis retractis^ octdis rotun-
datis ; prothorace iiifenie mesosternuTn superante ; acetabulis anticis ^;ar;i*
rotundatis, in prosterno sitis^ postice valde hientibus : coxis posticis laminatisy
trochanterUnts sinipUcibics ; abdomine ^-articulator segmeutis omnibus distmctis.

According to the form of the sternum and front, this family may be divided
into several groups, of which the first and easiest, the Eucnemides, may be dis-
tinguished by the clypeus expanded in front of the antennae ; the labrum con-
cealed: the head strongly deflexed : the presternum not lobed in front. Our
native genera may be arranged as follows :

A. Tarsi non laminiferi.

a. Thorax marginatus, subtus non sulcatus.

1. Palpi tenues, articulo ultimo vix crassiore.

Pedes fortiter compressi, (antennae minus approximatae) Melasis Oliv.
Pedes tenues Tharops Lap.

2. Palpi articulo ultimo dilatato, (saepius securi-

formi'. .

A. Caput sub oculis non sulcatum.
Laminae tectrices magnae intus sensim dilatatae . . Euryptychits.
Laminae tectrices intus subsubito dilatatae

tarsi articulo 4^0 simplici ..... Epiphanis Esch.

tarsi articulo 4to subtus breviter lobato . . Emathion Lap.

Germar's Zeitschrift fiir Entomol. 2, 179,

6 [February,

Laminae tectrices intus quadrangulariter dilatatae . Anelastes Kirby.

yS. Caput sub oculis valde sulcatum.
Laminae tectrices angustae Hylociiares Latr.

b. Thorax marginatus, subtus ad latera sulcatus.

Antennae tenues articulo S'o sequentibus longiore . Fornax Lap.

Antennae tenues articulo S'o non longiore . , , Isarthrus.
Antennae valde serratae vel pectinatae .... Eucnemis Ahrens.

c. Thorax margine interrupt, vel medio obsolete.

Sulci antennales ad prosterni marginem siti, . . Microrhagtjs Esch.
B. Tarsi subtus laminiferi.

Sulci antennales laterales - Galea Esch.

I am not sure that the primary division into genera with and without tarsal
appendages is natural, but as I have had no opportunity of examining any genus
of the latter division, I do not dare to disturb the arrangement adopted by all pre-
vious entomologists. From considerations derived from the study of other Elaters,
I am inclined to think that it would be betj^er to divide this portion (B) among
those that precede it, putting Galba next to Eucnemis in (b.) and the foreign
genus Pterotarsus before Microrhagus in (c).

Melasis Oliv.

1. M. pectinicornis Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2,148. Pennsylvania, Mels-
heimer ; Ohio, Schaum.

Tharops Lap.

1. T. ruf ic orni s. Melasis mjicornis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3,165:
"Eucnemis (Nematodes) rii/icor7tis Say, Trans. Phil. Soc. 6, 187. Missouri; the
elytra are yellow, with the posterior half black : sometimes they are entirely
yellow. The antennae of the male are strongly flabellate.

2. T. obliquus. Eucnemis obliqmis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,187.
Ohio, Dr. Harris. My specimens are two fifths of an inch long, which is double
the size mentioned by Say.

EURYPTYCHUS.

Clypeus ad apicem rotundatus : antennae articulo Imo elongato, 3'o praecedente
longiore, 4 8 subaequalibus crassitie paulo longioribus, 9 10 latioribus, et trip-
le longioribus, 11 iterum longiore, elongato-ovali. Palpi articulo ultimo dilatato,
triangulari ; presternum postice promineus, mesosternum profunde excavatum ;
tibiae calcaribus apicalibus distinctis ; tarsi tenues, articulo 1""" elongato ; la-
minae tectrices coxarum posticarum intus gradatim valde dilatatae, apice suba-
cutae.

The body is regularly arched, moderately wide for this family, and gradually
narrowed behind the thorax : the thorax is much narrowed in front and rounded
on the sides. The general aspect is precisely that of Ampedus.

1. E. heterecerus. Eucnemis heteroceriis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
6, 186. Pennsylvania, Messrs. Ziegler and Rathvon.

Epiphanis Esch.

The insect that I consider as belonging to this genus, differs from the preced-
ing, in having the 3d joint of the antennae scarcely elongated : the four terminal
joints in the male are equally enlarged, and each is about twice as long as the
7th joint ; the plates of the posterior coxae are suddenly dilated within, and are
broadly truncate at the extremity. I am unable to see the last joint of the palpi,
which Eschscholtz describes as ovoid.

1. E. cristatus, nigro-piccus, griseo-pubescens, capite punctulato, fronte
tenuiter cristata, thorace antrorsum angustato subtilius dense punctato, linea
media vix distincta laevi, elytris parallelis punctatis, tenuissime striatis, anten-
nis pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -20. New York, one male specimen.

2. E. can al i c ulatu s , nigro-piceus, griseo-pubescens, capite punctato,
subtilissime carinato, thorace lateribus parallelis, ante medium rotundatis, con-

1852.] 47

fertissime punctate distincte canaliculato, elytris parallelis, rugose punctatis,
subtiliter striatis. Long. '2. One female, Pennsylvania. Differs from the last
by its coarser und denser punctuation, and by the thorax not being regularly
narrowed in front.

3. E. cornutus Esch. Zool. Atlas. 1,10. tab. 4, fig. 6; Man. Bull. Mosc.
1843, 238. Sitkha : unknown to me.

Emathion Lap.

Sphcerocephalus Esch.

This genus has a very great resemblance, to the last, and can only be distin-
guished by the slight inferior prolongation of the fourth tarsal joint, and by the
prosternal prominence being acute. In the last genus this prolongation is blunt
and rounded. The males of this genus have the 6 last joints of the antennae a
little enlarged.

1. E. atropos. Eucncmis atropos Say. Trans. Am. Phil. So c. 6,187.
Louisiana, Schaum.

2. E. penetrans, elongatum cuneiforme, atrum confertissime punctatum
subtilissime fulvo-pubescens, fronte linea tenuissima laevi, thorace latitudine
sesqui longiore, lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, pone medium late canali-
culato, utrinque ante medium obsolete foveato ; elytris tenuiter striatis, antennis
pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -22 '3.

Georgia : in Say's description of the preceding species, probably by a* clerical*
error, the terminal, instead of the penultimate joint of the tarsi is said to be di-
lated.

Anelastes Kirby.

1. A. Druryi Kirby. Trans. Lin. Soc. 12, tab. 21, fig. 2 : Guerin Ann.
Ent. Soc. Fr. 2d ser. 1, 17. Siloms hrunneus Latr. An. Ent. 3, 129. Georgia.

Guerin refers this genus to the genuine Elateridae : Eriehson in Agassiz' No-
menclator Zoologicus places it in Cebrionidae. The form of the clypeus, how-
ever, forces it into the present group. The prosternum is scarcely prominent
behind ; the plates of the posterior coxae are suddenly dilated, by the addition
of a quadrangular piece.

2. A. Latreillei, obscure rufo-piceus, subnitidus, thorace convexo, sub-
tiliter parce granulato, postice canaliculato, lateribus valde rotundatis, angulis
posticis divergentibus, elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis subtiliter ragose
punctatis. Long. '4 "5. Sacramento, California, Rathvon.

The thorax is much more rounded on the sides than in A. Druryi, and the
whole surface is much less scabrous ; the head is more distinctly granulated than
the thorax, and the frontal line is faint as in the other species.

Hylochares Latr : Guer.

l.H. nigricornis. Melasis nigricornis Say Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 165.
Ohio, Schaum.

Fornax Lap.
Dirhagus Esch

1. F. bicolor. Hylochariis? hicolor Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 149. New
York: Wilcox.

2. F. badius. Dirhagus Ziaii5 Mels. ibid. 2, 149. Pennsylvania, S. F.
Baird.

3. F. cylindricollis. Eucncmis cylindricollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. 6, 188. Illinois, Georgia, and Pennsylvania.

4. F. s t r ia t u s, elongatus, ater pubescens, confertim punctatus, thorace lati-
tudine longiore, lateribus leviter rotundatis, pone medium late canaliculato,
elytris rugose-punctatis, striis sat profundis, interstitiis modice convexis, anten-
nis tibiis tarsisque rufo-piceis, Long. 22. One specimen, Georgia. Very simi-
lar to the preceding, but smaller, and with deep distinct elytral striae.

4.8 ' , [February,

ISARTHRUS.

Antennae tenues, extus paulo incrassatae, articulis cylindricis, 2 12 subaequa-
libus, llmo paulo longiore. (Palpi invisi.) Thorax subtus ad marginem pro-
funde sulcatus : coxarum posticarum laminae tectrices intus naodice dilatatae, ad
apicem late rotundatae ; tarsi tenues, articulo Imo elongate, 2 4 gradatim bre-
vioribus, 4^ vix dilatato.

This genus differs from Fornax, by the third joint of the antennae being not
larger than the 2d or 4th ; and by the posterior coxal plates being less dilated in-
teriorly, and much more broadly rounded at apex: the fourth tarsal joint is less
dilated.

l.I. spretus, elongatus utrinque obtusus, ater, breviter cinereo-pubescens,
confertim subconfluenter punctatus, thorace convexo, antrorsum angustato, et
rotundato, elytris striis tenuibus, interstitiis rugose punclatis, subconvexis, an-
tennis pedibusque rufis. Long. '2. Lake Superior. This is the Fortiax spretics
of my catalogue in Agassiz' Lake Superior.

EucNEMis Ahr.
a. Auien7ice serratce : tarsi artictilo 4'" simplici,

1. E. clypeatus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 189: Elate?- clypeattis
Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 266. Pennsylvania, Zimmerman.

b. AntenncB s err at a : tarsi articulo 4^ breviter lohato,

2. E. amaenicornis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,189. Southern and
Middle States. The antennae are subflabellate in both sexes : some specimens
have the thorax a little rounded on the sides : these are probably females : the
whole appearance is so similar to that of genuine Eucnemis, that I have not ven-
tured to establish a separate genus upon the slight difference in the antennae and
tarsi.

MiCRORHAGUS Esch.

1. M. i m p e r f e c t u s, elongatus, utrinque obtusus, ater pubescens, puncta-
tus, capite canaliculato, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus antice rotundatis,
elytris tenuiter striatis,pedibus"ruio-piceis, sulcis pectoralibus postice indistinctis.
Long. '22. New York, one female.

2. M. subsinuatus, elongatus vix cuneiformis. ater, supra obsolete pubes-
cens, punctatus, thorace brevi, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus subsinuatis,
angulis posticis explanatis, elytris rugose punctatis, obsolete striatis, tarsis tes-
taceis. Long. -2. Georgia, one male; similar to the next, but more than twice as
large, and easily distinguished by the sinuosity of the sides of the thorax : it is
also more coarsely punctured and less narrowed behind.

3. M. triangularis. Elater triangtdaris Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 170 :
Eucnemis triangularis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 189. Southern and West-
ern States : the thorax is not at all narrowed in front ; the anterior angles are a
little rounded. It is singular that Guerin, (Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 1, 187,) should
refer this species to Eucnemis, when Say expressly states the antennal groove to
be near the middle of the pectus.

4. M. h u me ral is. Eucnemis humeralis. Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,
J89. Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer.

Galba Esch.

l.G. (Dcndrocharis) flavicornis Guerin. Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 2d ser.
1, 193. tab. 6, fig. 60, 61. Georgia; I have never seen this fine species.

The following species are unknown to me, and the genera to which they be-
long doubtful.

P^ucnemis quadricollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,186. Pro-
bably Melasis.

Eucnemis frontosus Say, ibid. Probably not of this group.

Eucnemis calceatus Say, ibid. The description of the antennae agree
perfectly with my Isarthrus spretus ; but the 4th Joint of the tarsi in that species
is not lobed beneath.

1852.] 49

Dirhagus rufipes Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 150. The front is said to
be longitudinally impressed, which is an unusual character in Fornax.

Eucnemis muscidusand unicolor, Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 186. {Elater
m. &M. An. Lye. 1,255,) are Perothops mucidus Erichson Germ. Zeitsch.
3, 117. The genus Perothops is of difficult location. It cannot be placed in the
present group on account of its prominent, not inflexed mouth. From the typi-
cal Elaters it differs by its clypeus dilated in front, and concealing the labrum,
and by the absence of an anterior lobe on the prosternum. It seems most na-
tural to consider it as a special group connecting Anelastes among the Eucnemi-
des, with the more typical Elaters.

[Note. On p. 345 of the last number of this work, (Dec. 1851), the name
puncticollis occurs twice in the genus Podabrus. The first of these (at
the top of the page), should read Podabrus poricollis.]

The Committee on the Rev. Mr. Langstroth's paper on the '' Impreg-
nation of the Eggs of the Queen Bee," reported in favor of publication
in the Proceedings.

On the Impregnation of the Eggs of the Queen Bee,
By Rev. Lorenzo L. Langstroth.

Many singular notions have prevailed respecting the generation of bees.
Virgil* asserted that bees have no sexual intercourse, but gather young from
the leaves of plants. New colonies, he thought, could be obtained from the
carcasses of animals. Swammerdam, in his observations on bees, made in
1673, proved, by careful dissection, that the bee commonly called the King, is a
female, and the mother of the whole colony, and that the drone is the male bee.
He thought that a seminal atmosphere proceeded from the drones and caused the
impregnation of the female, or as she is commonly called, the Queen.

Maraldi (1712) conjectured that the eggs of the Queen were fecundated by
the drones after being laid in the cells. Arthur Dobbs (Philosophical Trans-
actions, vol. 46 for 1760) was, I believe, the first who suggested that the Queen
may have a sperma-theca, from the contents of which the eggs are impregnated.
Debraw (Phil. Transac. vol. 67 for 1777) imagined that he saw drones deposit-
ing semen in cells containing eggs. Both Huber and Dr. John Hunter have
shown that he was mistaken. The latter supports the theory of Dobbs, and
endeavors to strengthen it by some curious experiments which he made on the
impregnation of the eggs of the silk-worm. (Phil. Transac. vol. 82 for 1792.)
Huber* (1788) was the first to demonstrate that the sexual union of the Queen
and drone takes place when the insects are on the wing, in the open air ; and that
a Queen, when impregnated, will continue, at least for several years, to lay fertile
eggs without any further intercourse with the male. He thought that she was
impregnated for life, but he was not able even to conjecture how all the eggs in
her ovary could be at once fecundated. Dzierzon, a German apiarian of great
practical knowledge, has revived (1845) the notion of a permanently impreg-
nated sperma-theca. He says that he has dissected Queen bees both before and
after impregnation, and that he has found the seminal sac in the first case to con-
tain a limpid fluid like water, and in the second case to be filled with a substance
resembling the semen of the drone. This would seem almost to settle the
question; but unfortunately he advances a conjecture which seems to be at
variarice with the idea that he had much skill in dissecting. He thinks that
what is the poison sac in the worker becomes the sperma-theca sac in the

Aristotle informs us that some cultivators called the^rulers or kings, mothers, and the
drones, males,

t Hattorf and Schirach (1770) beUeved that the Queen was self-impregnated ; and
the latter accounted for the existence of males by conjecturing that their semen formed
the food of the young bee.

7

50 [February,

Queen ! Now, the poison sac, with the sting and all its appendages, is entirely
distinct from the sperma-theca, and can easily be recognized without the aid of
the microscope. He does not seem to have examined, microscopically, the fluid
in what he calls the seminal vesicle, in order to demonstrate, by the presence of
spermatozoa, that it was the semen of the male. As I am not aware that this
has been done by any one else, I hereby communicate to the Academy the
results of such an examination made last month, by Dr. Joseph Leidy of
this city.

The Queen dissected was taken from an observing hive in which she had been
lodged in the Summer of 1851, having accompanied a first swarm from a hive
which had been swarmed in 1850. I am certain that she was not a Queen of
the current year, for she commenced ovi-depositing in the empty cells which the
hive contained, the same day in which she was put into it ; whereas young
Queens, which are not impregnated until after they are established as heads of a
new colony, do not begin to lay until after the lapse of several days. I know
that she was the same Queen lodged by me in the hive, as the bees were in a
hive of my own invention, in which they were exposed to the full light of day,
and were under constant inspection. She was therefore nearly two years old.
The males in this colony had all been killed in August and there was not one
in the hive (Jan. 27th) when she was taken from it.

Plate XIX in Swammerdam's History of Insects, represents very accurately
all the parts which were particularly examined. The small globular vessel
(fig. 3-t.) which Swammerdam thought secreted a mucous fluid to attend the
eggs to the bottom of the cells, was found to be the true sperma-theca. Its
internal diameter was the l-33d of an inch, and it was distended with a whitish,
viscous fluid which, when examined by the microscope, was found to be filled
with spermatozoa.

I consider, therefore, that this dissection demonstrates that the Queen bee has
a reservoir in which the semen of the male is lodged, and that the eggs are im-
pregnated as they pass by the duct leading from the sperma-theca into the
oviduct.

Note. Since this paper was written. Dr. Leidy has examined two more Queen bees,
each of vvhicli had the sperma-theca distended with the spermatic fluid. These Queens
were both reared last Summer from eggs in worker combs, which were furnished to
colonies deprived of a Queen. The construction of the hives allowed the whole process
to be distinctly seen.

Mr. Jacob Peirce exhibited a hybrid fowl, being a cross between the
Peacock and Guinea Hen. The specimen was one of four which had
been hatched and raised on the farm of Mr. David West, in Chester Co,,
between Kimberton and the Yellow Springs, Pa.

ELECTIONS.

Dr. Joseph Hopkinson, U. S. Navy, Mr. William Strutters, and Mr.
J. Da Costa, of Philadelphia, were elected 3Iemhers; and

Mr. J. W. Foster, U. S. Geologist of the Lake Superior District, and
Mr. J. D. Whitney, of the same district, were elected Correspondents of
the Academy.

1852 J . 51

March 2, 1852.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Lianean Society of LondoD, dated Jan. 22d, 1852, acknow-
ledging the receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. 5, Nos. 9 and 10.

From the Smithsonian Institute, dated Washington, Feb. 17, 1852,
acknowledging receipt of Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 12.

From the American Philosophical Society, dated Feb. 21, 1852,
acknowledging receipt of the Journal, Part 2, Vol. 2, new series, and of
the Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 12.

From Thomas Lawson, Surgeon General U. S. A. dated Feb. 7, 1852,
requesting correction of an error in the Meteorological Register lately
issued from the Department, a copy of which was sent to the Academy.

From Dr. Samuel Webber, dated Charlestown, N. Hampshire, Feb. 25,
1852, acknowledging receipt of his notice of election as a Corres-
pondent.

Dr. J. C. Fisher read the following description of the Aurora of
Thursday, Feb. 19th, 1852. The observations were made from an
elevated point on the opposite side of the Schuylkill, where the view
was entirely unobstructed.

On the night of Thursday, the 1 9th of February last, a most beautiful Aurora
was visible throughout the middle and northern parts of the United States.
There were some circumstances connected with this one that seem to require a
more particular description than usual. The air was calm and clear. The
wind was light from the N. N. West. The temperature in the early part of
the evening was about 25 F., but it fell very rapidly, and before morning it
was 10 F. The Aurora began in the early part of the night with the appear-
ance of a bank or arch of white light, rising about 15 or 16 above the horizon.
This continued, with some few changes, to be its general character, till about 9
o'clock, when a series of remarkable and beautiful changes commenced, which,
with some alternations of repose, lasted till the whole was lost in the dawn of
day. A little after 10 o'clock it presented some of the most remarkable and
beautiful changes it has ever been the good fortune of the writer to witness.
The arch or bank of white light which formed the basis of the whole, appeared
suddenly to rise and expand like a huge billow, or rather like one of those huge
masses of foam at the bottom of the cataract of Niagara, until suddenly bursting,
it threw a vast volume of white spray to the zenith, where it changed to a fiery
red, giving rise to an alarm of fire. Instantly after streamers of red, white and
brown shot up from the broken arch that still formed the basis or ground work,
and which at the same time changed from its white color to at first a pale green,
and then to almost an emerald green. Soon after the streamers ceased, and
waves of parti-colored light rushed across the heavens from west to east, as if in
rapid pursuit of one another. This was soon succeeded by masses of light shoot-
ing up from the arch, which was again formed, to the zenith. Some of those
masses presented a remarkably livid appearance, and the whole formed a picture
which it is not in the power of language fairly to describe. During the time
when the auroral changes were so brilliant, the electrical state of the atmosphere
was in a most singularly disturbed condition. The telegraph wires were so
highly charged and conducted so great a quantity, that there were divers and
sundry rather unreadable communications written down at the various stations

TROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. YOL. VI. NO. II. 8

52 [March,

throughout the country, thus establishing its electrical character beyond ques-
tion. Several persons have said that during the sanne time they distinctly heard
a snapping and cracking noise like that made by an electrical machine when in a
powerfully excited condition. This, however, may need confirmation. The
photometric power of the aurora when most brilliant, was about equal to that of
the moon in a very clear sky, when about three days old. ]No means were had
by the writer of examining the magnetic changes and disturbances. These,
however, have been probably carefully noted by accurate observers. From all
the phenomena noticed, however, the conclusion is a fair one that this aurora
was caused by a highly disturbed condition of the electrical tension of the air,
owing principally to calorific causes, and that however high it might have ex-
tended into the atmosphere, it undoubtedly rested upon the earth, and that in our
immediate vicinity.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to a specimen of the body of a
cervical vertebra, from the Eocene formation of Ouachita, Louisiana, belonging
to the cabinet of the Academy. It is perfectly mineralized, and both epiphyses
are attached, but portions are broken away, permitting the characteristic tuber-
culated surface of the body to be seen. It very probably belonged to a cetacean
animal, and is remarkable on account of the relatively deep concavity of its sur-
faces before and behind. For the animal to which the vertebra belonged, the
name Pontogeneus priscus was proposed.

Dr. Leidy further made some remarks upon the comparative osteology and
dentition of the Hippopotamus, and proposed to consider the small species,
H. Libeiiensis, Morton, as belonging to a new genus of Hippopotamidae, under
the name of Chcerodes.

Mr. Lea called attention to a specimen of Dipsas plicatus, Leachy
which was very remarkable for its size. It was a single valve, and
measured in length 6f inches, and in breadth 10 J inches. Its weight
was IO5 ounces. The heaviest specimen of a Vnio known to Mr. Lea
weighed two pounds ten ounces.

Mr. Lea also exhibited some specimens of Uniones, which were appa-
rently hybrid, but in reality not so, the discrepancy arising from acci-
dental causes.

March dth.
Mr. Isaac Lea in the Chair.

Dr. Charles M. Wetherill read a paper intended for publication in the
Proceediiigs, entitled " Examination of Molybdate of Lead from the
Wheatley Mine near Phcenixville, Pennsylvania,^' which was referred to
Mr. Ashmead, Mr. A^aux and Dr. Eand.

Mr. Lea read a "Description of a new species of SymphynoteUnio,"
which being intended for publication, was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr.
Iluschenberger and Dr. Bridges.

A letter was read from Araory Edwards, Esq., dated New York,
March 3d, 1852, accompanying the donation of the heads of two
Gentoo Indians received this evening, of which the following is an ex-
tract :

*The Gentoo tribe of Indians inhabit the sources of the Purus river, a South-
ern tributary of the Amazon. The marshy banks of this river render it so very
unhealthy that very little is known of its inhabitants. At intervals a half-breed

1852.] 53

trader will venture up from the town of Barra, at the junction of the Annazon
and Negro rivers, who may be able to procure a very small quantity of Balsam
de Copaiba, or some gums. These traders report this tribe as inoiTensive, living
on fish and fruits, entirely without clothing, and killing animals with a blow gun
and poisoned arrows.

The owner of one of these heads carried it with him, and when fishing, had it
placed with the face towards him "for luck's sake," and it is extremely rare to
get them to part with one.

These are the only ones I have ever met with from this river ; those in the col
lection of the late Dr. Morton, presented by me, were of the tribe of Mundrucus,
living between the Tapajos and Madeira rivers, and one is, I think, figured in
the works of Spix and Von Martius."

March 10 th.
Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Librarian of the British Museum, dated Feb. 24, 1852,
acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 11.

From the Faculty of Harvard College, dated Cambridge, Feb. 27, 1852,
acknowledging the receipt of a copy .of the Memoir of Dr. Morton by
Dr. Meigs.

'c?-

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to five heads lying upon the
table, of what were usually considered as belonging to a single species of Hip-
popotamus, under the name of H. amphibius. Two of the specimens are
from North Western Africa, and three from Southern Africa. Between those of
the two localities, various differences were pointed out, the most important being
the existence of a single band of enamel upon the upper canines of the North
Western Hippopotamus, and the band being divided into two by a space of three
lines on the outer side of the posterior groove in the Southern Hippopotamus.
Dr. L. therefore concluded with Desmoulins and Duvernoy, that there were two
distinct species of Hippopotamus, and as that of Northern Africa was the ear-
liest known, the name, H. amphibius should be retained for it, while that of the
South should retain Desmoulin's name of H. capensis.

Dr. Le Conte mentioned that the specimens of Casteroides Ohioensis,
presented this evening, were important, as giving a new locality to this
animal. They were obtained by Dr. Feuchtwanger from a well near
Shawneetown, forty feet below the surface.

Dr. Hays stated that the tooth of the fossil Tapir presented by him
this evening, was found in the bed of a canal in North Carolina. It
had been in his possession for several years, and was the first fossil
Tapir tooth found in North America.

March 23c?.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr. Leidy called attention to the very fine skeleton of Troglodytes
gorilla, recently presented to the Academy by Dr. Henry A. Ford of
Liberia, which is now mounted and in the Hall. The height, as it now
stands, is four feet nine inches.

54 [March,

Mr. Lea made some remarks on the subject of the periodicity of the Family
TJniouidcB. He mentioned that some of the species matured and ejected from
their oviducts the perfect shell in the autumn, others in the sprintr, and some
apparently in the winter. He mentioned that few observations had yet been
made on this interesting branch of animal economy. He had himself made some
observations many years since on the JJniones and Anodoiitcs of our vicinity ;
and his brother, T. G. Lea, had, at his request, made some interesting observa-
tions of those in the vicinity of Cincinnati, part of which had been noted in the
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. He then read part of a
letter from Mr. Joseph Clark of Cincinnati, in vi'hich he mentions having ob-
served the ))eriodicity of several species within the last six months. Th*^ Ano-
doiita edentiUa^ Say, was found with oviducts fully charged in September, as
were also JJnio ellipsis^ Lea, Z7. irroratus^ Lea, U, securis, Lea, TJ. foliauis^
Hild. and TJ. orhiculatus, Hild. In October he found the ova of the JJnio multi-
pllcatiis, Lea, more than half developed, and thinks they would have been ma-
tured in the spring. In the Unio aiiodontoides, Lea, they were beautifully de-
veloped, and would probably have been matured and voided in the winter. The
oviducts of the last species are bordered with a beautiful blue color.

Thus Mr. Clark's conclusions were the same as to the different periods of
various species as Mr. Lea's, and there cannot be a doubt but that the terms of
the species differ according to their own law.

March ZOtli.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Lea's description of a new Unio, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of a new species of Symphynote JJnio.

By Isaac Lea.

Unio Chmingii. Testa alata, plicata, triangulari, valde compressa, postice
angulata, valde inaequilaterali ; ala elevata, acuminata, margine crenulata ; val-
vulis subtenuibus, ante et post nates connatis ; natibus, et alae posterioris basi
apiceque undulatis ; natibus compressis, ad apicem undulatis, baud prominenti-
bus ; epidermide nitida, tenebroso viridi, perradiata; dentibus cardinalibus la-
mellatis, lateralibus longissimis, lamellatis subcurvisque; ligamento celato;
magarita alba et iridescente.

Shell alate, plicate, triangular, very much compressed, angular behind, very
inequilateral ; wing high, acuminate, crenulate on the margin ; valves ratiier
thin, connate before and behind the beak; beaks, and the base and summit of "the
posterior wing undulated ; beaks compressed, undulated at the tip, not promi-
nent ; epidermis shining, dark green, radiated all over ; cardinal teeth lamellar ;
lateral teeth very long, lamellar and somewhat curved; ligament concealed;
nacre white and iridescent.

Habitat northern part of China. H. Cuming, Esq.

Diam. .7, length 2.G, breadth 3.1 inches.

This very beautiful and rare JJnio is, in form and general outline, very much
like the Dijysas pUcaticsy Leach, but they cannot be confounded with each other,
as they belong to very distinct genera, the Dipsas having but one linear tooth
in each valve, while the above described shell has perfectly well defined lamellar
cardinal teeth, double in the right and single in the left valve. It also has long, la-
mellar, lateral teeth, double in the left and single in the right valve. It differs also
in the folds, having them extending over the flattened side from the beaks, in this
specimen, which is not half grown, to half the length of the shell. The folds

1852.] " 55

on the wing: also differ, the Cumhigii having the row from the beak to the pos-
terior nnargin much nearer to the umbonial slope. The folds in the superior part
of the wing are smaller. This shell is very much compressed at the beaks and
reminds one of the Margaritana compla/iata (nobis.)

Mr. Cuming informs me that he has received several specimens from the
northern part of China, and that the full grown ones are 5h inches by 6i
inches. I dedicate ihe specimen to my friend, Mr. Cuming, to whose kindness I
owe the possession of my specimen.

The Committee on the foUowincr paper of Dr. C. M. Wetherill, re-
ported in favor of publicatiou in the Proceedings :

Examination of Mohjbdate of Lpad, from Wkeatley^s Mine near Phanixville,

Chester County^ Pennsylvania ,

By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph. D.

The mineral was given to me by Mr. W. S. Vaux, who received it from Mr.
Wheatley. It was found at his mine near Phcenixville, Chester County, Pa.
The Molybdate occurs with Phosphate of Lead. The crystals (square tables
modified,) are of light red color. Lustre adamantine, translucent, streak white.
Before the blow-pipe on charcoal decrepitates, and fuses with reduction of lead.
On platinum wire with borax in the outer flame is dissolved to a trans-
parent glass, yellow while hot, colorless on cooling; in the inner flame, the bead
becomes deep brov^-n when cool. In salt of phosphorus in the outer flame, the
same reaction occurs as with borax ; in the inner flame the green color charac-
teristic of Molybdena appears. It dissolves almost completely in nitric acid,
and in hydrochloric with a residue of chloride of lead ; these solutions are yellow.
Hardness between selenite and calc spar, or between two and three of Mohs'
scale. Density ascertained with one gramme of the crystals 5-6.

A portion of the crystals was analyzed in the moist way by dissolving in boil-
ins: dilute hydrochloric acid, and separating the crystals of chloride of lead,
which form on cooling. These crystals were not completely soluble in boiling
water, but left a residue in small quantity, apparently silica. The solution fil-
tered from the chloride of lead, treated with sulphuretted hydrogen, gave a dark
brown precipitate, composed of the sulphurets of lead and molybdenum, the latter
was dissolved from the lead by hydrosulphuret of ammonia. The filtrate from the
sulph. hydrogen precipitate contained a trace of iron.

I was not able to detect chromium either by Ihe moist way or before the blow-
pipe. The earths and alkaline earths were also absent.

I am not aware that a red molybdate of lead of American locality has been
described.

The following resolution was unanimously adopted :

Resolved, That a copy of the Proceedings, as far as published^ be pre-
sented to Dr. Henry A. Ford, of Liberia, Africa, in return for his re-
cent valuable contributions to the Academy, from that country.

Dr. Elwyn offered the following, which was adopted :

Rcsolvedj That a Committee be appointed to communicate with Com-
modore Perry, in relation to making collections of objects of Natural
History in India, by the IT. S. Expedition which is to sail shortly
for that station.

Committee Mr. Cassin, Dr. Ruschenberger and Dr. Elwyn.

50 [April,

ELECTION.

Amory Eclwanis, Esq., of New York, and Charles IT. Budd, M. D.,
of Peniberton, N. J., were elected 3fembei'!i, and Henry A. Ford,
M. D., of Liberia, Western Africa, was elected a Correspondent of the
Academy.

April QfJi.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

L-'tters were read

From the Royal Academy of Sciences at Vienna, dated October 26,
and December 12, 1851, transmitting the " Benksehriften, Mathe-
matische-Naturwissen. Classe,'^ rol. 3, part I, and '-Sitzungsbericht,
Mathemat. Naturwissen. Classe/' vol. 6 and vol. 7, parts 1 and 2.

From Dr. F. H. Troschel, dated Bonn, Jan. 16, 1852, acknowledsinor
receipt of Proceedings of the Academy, vol. 5, Nos. 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8,
and requesting other numbers deficient in his series; also transmitting
" Archiv fur Naturgeschichte/' No. 6, 1849, No;?. 2, 3, 4 and 5,1850,
and Nos. 1, 2, 3, 1851.

From the Hoyal Academy of Sciences of Naples, dated Jan. 24, 1852,
acknowledging the receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings.

A paper was presented by Col. George A. McCall, intended for publi-
cation in the Proceedings, describing a new species of Carpodacus. Ee-
ferred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. AYoodhouse and Dr. LeConte.

Dr. Woodhouse read a paper, intended for publication in the Pro-
ceedings, entitled, "Description of new species of Birds of the genera
Vireo, Vieill. and Zonotrichia, Sicain.," collected by the author in Texas,
while attached to the late U. S. Expedition under Captain L. Sitgreaves,
for exploring the Zuni and Colorado Rivers of the West. Referred to
Col. McCall, Mr. Cassin and Dr. Wilson.

Dr. LeConte offered the following additional remarks on some
fovssil Pachyderms, from Illinois, referred to on page 3 of the present,
volume :

Having recently had an opportunity of inspecting an entire skull in the pos-
session of Dr. Leidy, closely allied to, if not identical with the craniuna described
by me as Hyops, and afterwards as Dicotyles depressifrons, I have the satisfac-
tion of being able to arrange this confusing nnixture of bones in a natural man-
ner. I have seen distinctly that the parts described as belonging to the upper
jawof Platygonus compressus, in reality belong to Hyops, but that the singularly
dilated lower jaw associated with them, is part of another animal for which the
name Platygonus must be retained. The large inferior canine referred to Dico-
tyles depressifrons is perhaps the canine of the genus with dilated jaw ; at any
rate, it cannot belong to Hyops, and until the canine of Platygonus is found in
situ, it would be more natural to consider it as not indicating a third animal, of
which no other trace remains.

The inferior molars and canine from another locality, on which the genus
Protochcerus was founded, also belong to Hyops. In palliation of this blunder, I
may say, that the cranium end superior canines and molars of Hyops were asso-
ciated with no lower teeth except those in the fragment of dilated jaw, which

1852.]

57

^

certainly seemed to accord very closely in size and shapt? with the upper jaw.
Any one who has observed the very close correspondence between the dentition
of suiline pachyderms, and the great variation in different portions of the dental
series, w-ll appreciate the difficulty of apportioning properly small fraiiments of
closely allied species, and will excuse the faults which I have unconsciously
committed. As the best reparation for these errors, I subjoin the following
synonyms of the fiagmcnts of the head, described by me :

Hyops depressifrons Lee. Am. Journal of Sc 2d series, 5, 103.

Dicot]jhs .depressifrons Lee. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 6, 3.

(In part.) Flatygonus comjnesstis Lee. Am. Journal, 1. c. and Trans. Am.
Ac. Arts, N. ser. 3, p. 1, 2, 3.

Protocliariia frismaticin Lee. Am. Journal, 1. c. -5, 103: Proc. Ac. 6, 5.

The fragments to be here referred, are a cranium: fragments of anterior part
of head with premolars and canines : the entire dental series of upper jaw : except
the last molar, the canine and two inferior molars of lower jaw, the latter be-
longing to a smaller specimen of perhaps another species.

Platygonus c o m p r e s s u s Lee. Am. Journ. 1. c. and Trans. Am. Ac.
Arts.

Lower jaw with twoposlerior molars : pi. 3, fig. 7.

Upper teeth,* posterior molar and two premiolars : pi. 3, fig. 12 and 13, (left
hand.)

Mt. Lea stated some of his views .regarding species, and mentioned that the
subject had engaged the attention of eminent naturalists, some of whom had given
definitions, which did not fulfil his idea of what constituted that term. Lindley,
in his Introduction to Botany, has given some very judicious and philosophic
views on classification. " Species," he says, " are created by Nature hersell,
and remain always the same in whatever manner they may be combined ; they
form the basis of all classification, and are the only part of it which can be con-
sidered absolute." In this he makes no attempt to define his ideas of species. It
is assumed to be a distinct creation, and unchangeable.

MM. Ray and Drouet (" Revue et Mag. de Zoologie, 1849 "') give their views
of what forms a species, in the following terms : " Generalement on entend, par
ce mot, (espece) un type d'organization de forme et d'activite, rigoureusement
determine, qui se perpetue successivement par generation directe et d'une ma-
niere indefinie avec la meme Constance de caracteres."

Milne Edwards' definition of species, Mr. Lea thought was less clear. He says,
" On donne le nom d'espece a la reunion des individus, que se reproduisent entre
eux avec les memes proprietes essentielles."

Cuvier considered that the fact of the succession, and of the constant succes-
sion, constituted alone the validity of the species.

Dr. Morton comprised his view of species, as "a primordial organic form."

Neither of these definitions fulfil Mr. Lea's idea of what forms a species. It
seemed tohim,that a species must be considered to hez. primcay estaUished lati\
stamped with a persistent form pertaining solely to itself, with the power of
successively reproducing the same form, and none other.

Mr. Lea also stated he was about to issue a new edition of his Synopsis of thg
Family Naiades, with much additional matter. That in the introductory part,
he had given the classification of various zoologists, and among others those who
had divided the Naiades by their anatomical differences, viz: D'Orbigny, Tro-
schel, and Agassiz. In these he said it would be observed, by consulting the
works of the two first, and a work entitled " Shells of New England," by Mr.

*The figures of these leeth were sn ban' I y drawn by the artist engaged by nie, and
still farther deteriorated and altered while in the hands of Mr. Endicoir, that the minute
differences which distinguish such cloFr'y allird nrvrrials are not lo be seen : in excuse
for permitting such figures to go before llie uur.d, I must say that the memoir was
printed during my absence on a scieatifie expedition, and that no opp(<rtunity was offered
for correcting the proof.

58 [April,

W. Stimpson, who cites Prof. Agassiz's MSS., that they do not differ essentially
in their modes of division. Mr. Lea farther remarked, that our knowledge of
the structural differences of the soft parts of these animals, he thought, was not
sufficiently advanced to found a perfect and permanent system. That such a one
would be instituted he had no doubt, as he had expressed himself in 1838, in a note
on Anodonta BlainviUia?ia, in the second edition of his Synopsis, p. 31, and he
trusted, that the able physiologists above cited would continue their investisa-
tions; but he was disposed to think that, until zoologists had examined carefully
the soft parts of most of the existing numerous species, the exo-skeletons*
(so to call them) of which have only come under our notice the facilities which
a good system ought to afford, cannot be reaped by a partial anatomical know-
ledge, which does not now embrace probably one eighth of the ascertained spe-
cies of the family. Besides, he was not at all disposed to think, that we can en-
tirely dispense with the aid we find in the various characters of the exo-skele-
tons in making out subgroups. They often, indeed, afford striking and obvious
differences, which the eye schooled with but little experience, can with facility
and certainty detect, and which if happily grouped by an experienced eye may
greatly aid the student. These considerations had induced him still to retain
nearly the same divisions in the new edition of the Synopsis, which had been
used in the last one.

Ajpfil loth.
Vice President Brides in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Lyceum of Natural History, of New York, dated March
24, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of a copy of the " Notice of the
Academy," recently published.

From Commodore Perry, dated New York, April 9, 1852, addressed
to Dr. Ruschenberger, expressing his desire and intention to comply
with the request of the Academy to make scientific researches in the
East Indies, during the cruise of the U. S. Squadron on that station.

Dr. LeConte read a paper entitled, "Remarks on some Coleopterous
Insects, collected by S. W. Woodhouse, M. D., in Arkansas and New
Mexico," which was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. F. Beck, and Dr. Rusch-
enberger.

Dr. Zantzinger presented a paper from Mr. Charles Girard, of Wash-
ington, entitled, " Observations on the North American Astaci, by
Charles Girard ;" which being intended for publication, was referred to
Dr. Bridges, Dr. LeConte and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Hallowell read a paper describing new species of Reptilia from
Western Africa ; which was referred to Dr. Woodhouse, Dr. LeConte
and Mr. Lea.

Mr. Lea read a note from Wm. H. Prescott, Esq., dated Boston,
April 8, 1852, accompanying his donation of the rare work "Registro
trimestre," announced this evenine:.

On motion of Mr. Lea, the thanks of the Society were unanimously
presented to Major LeConte for the valuable donation announced this
evening, of his entire herbarium of North American Plants.

Forming the calcareous coverings and fulcra fur muscular fibres, as well as protec-
tion fi-om exterior forces.

1852.] 59

^pril 20th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Cap^,t. Wm. McCluney, U. S. N., addressed to Dr. Ruschenber-
ger, dated New York Navy Yard, April 17th, 1852, offering to further
the objects of the Academy, during the cruise of the U. S. Squadron on
the E. India station.

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels, dated January 10th,
1850, and March 13th, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal
Part 4, Vol. 1, and Part 1, Vol. 2.

Dr. Leidy read a paper entitled '^ Characteristics of some new Rep-
tiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, by Spencer F.
Baird and Charles Grirard;" which, being intended for publication in
the Proceedings, was referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Hal-
lowell. Dr. LeConte and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Leidy also presented a paper from Prof. Dana, being a continu-
ation of his descriptions of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition 3
which was referred to the original Committee.

Dr. Leidy read also a paper ^'On the Osteology of the Head of the Hip-
popotamus and a Description of the Osteological Characters of a New
Genus of Hippopotamidse," which being intended for publication in the
Journal, was referred to Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Woodhouse and Dr.
Hallowell.

Dr. Leidy stated that he had been studying the characters of the fossil tortoises
from Nebraska Territory, and had come to the conclusion that they had been
terrestrial and not aquatic in their habits,and belonged to the genus Testudo. In all,
the penultimate vertebral plate is inverted Vformed,enclosing with the pygal plate
the last vertebral plate ; the costal plates are alternately broad and narrow ; and
in those specimens in which the marks of the pygal scute remains, it is undivided,
as in the recent Testudo. The names of those species described recently should
be changed as follows :

Testudo Nebrascensis, Leidy.

Stylemys Nebrascensis, Pr. A. N. S., v. 173.
Testudo hemispherica, Leidy.

Emys hemispherica, ib.
Testudo Oweni, Leidy.

Emys Oweni, ib. 327.
Testudo Culbertsonii, Leidy,

Emys Culbertsonii, ib. vi. 34.

Dr. L. also called the attention of the members to a specimen of " Red Snow "
Protococcus nivalis, beneath the microscope, which was brought by Dr. E. K.
Kane, U. S. N., from the Arctic region. It consists of simple, spherical vesi-
cles, with a transparent, colorless, shining cell wall, and bright red, granular
contents. The vesicles or cells measure from the i-1750th to the l-777th of
an inch in diameter.

9

60 - [APRIL;,

Aj)ra 27th.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. "Woodhouse, reported
in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of new species of Biyds of the genera Virco, Vieill.f and Zo?^o-

trichiaf Stvains .

By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

The specimens described in the present paper were procured by me in Texas,
whilst attached to the expedition under the command of Captain L. Sitgreaves,
Topographical Engineer U. S. Army, which explored the rivers Zuni and Colo-
rado of the West.

Vireo atricapilla, nobis.

Form. Robust, wings short and slightly rounded, first quill short, third long-
est; tail extending about one inch beyond the closed wings.

Dimensions. Total length, 4 5-10, extent of wings, 71, from flexure, 2 1-10,
length of tail 1 6-10 inches.

Colors. Head above black, which color extends over the cheeks and ears to
the base of the lower mandible ; a white ring encircles the eye, and then forms
a broad band extending to the nares. The plumage of the back is dark olive
green, slightly tipped with black, and gradually becoming lighter over the rump
and tail-coverts. Wings and tail dark brown, inclining to black, with their
outer margin light olive ; greater and lesser wing-coverts broadly tipped with
dingy white.

The primaries have a white line extending along their inner edge. Throat,
belly, and feet white. Sides very light yellow. Iris bright red. Bill, tarsi and
feet, black.

Habitat. Western Texas.

Obs. I procured this bird on the 26th of May, 1851, on the Rio San Pedro,
two hundred and eight miles from San Antonio, on the road leading from that
place toEl Paso del Norte.

I was first attracted by its singular note, which I am unable to imitate. It
was feeding in the dense cedars, and resembled in its habits our Sylvias, being
continually in motion, which rendered it rather diflicult to shoot. I procured
two specimens, both of which, on dissection, proved to be males.

Zonotrichia Cassinii^ nobis.

Form. Bill slender and conical, with a well marked ridge between the nos-
trils, extending about half way down the bill ; wings short and rounded, first
quill shortest, third and fourth about equal. Tail long and rounded.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail 5 5 10 inches,
wing from flexure 2 6-10 inches. Tail extending beyond the closed wings about
1 5-10 inches. Total length, 2 5-10 inches. Bill along the ridge 5i-10 inches.
From gap to tip 5-10 inch ; tarsus IJ-IO inches.

Colon. Head and back cinereous brown; throat and breast very light cine-
rous brown ; sides light brown, with longitudinal brown stripes next the shafts,
and at their extremities and the surrounding portions of the feather, brownish
white. Belly and vent dingy white, a strip of dingy white^extending from the
base of the upper mandible, over and behind the eye. Primaries brown, with
their outer edges light brown ; secondaries and scapulars brown, with a white-
ened band encircling them ; wing at the flexure light yellow; the tail, with
the exception of the two middle feathers, brown, tipped with white, the mid-
dle feathers light brown and slightly barred; in the outer feathers the white

1852.] , 61

extends from the shaft along the outer side ; upper mandible light brown, lower
light yellow. Tarsus and feet flesh colored ; iris dark brown.
Habitat. Western Texas.

Obs. This interesting bird I shot on the prairie near San Antonio, on the 25th
of April, 1851, and, at the time, took it for the Z. savanna (Wilson,) which it
much resembled in ' its habits, but upon examination it proved to be totally
distinct. I found but one specimen, which is a male.

I have named this in honor of my friend Mr. John Cassin, the Corresponding
Secretary of this Society, to vv'hose indefatigable labor in the department of
Ornithology we are so much indebted.

The Committee to which was referred the followmg paper by Col.
McCall, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings,

Note 071 Carpodacus frontalis, (^Say,) with descriptiotv of a new species of the same

ge?i7is, from Santa Fe, New Mexico.

By Col. George A. McCall, U. S. A.

In the Proceedings of this Academy for the months of May and June, 1851,
was published some account of such Birds as I had met with during the preced-
ing year in Texas and New Mexico. In that paper, under the name oiCarpoda-
cus frontalis. Say, I gave an account of the habits of a bird I had found at
Santa Fe.

At the time I first observed the bird to which I allude, I believed it to be of
a species not previously described, and I brought \\\t\\ me from New Mexico
specimens of the adult birds, the young, the nest and the eggs. But on my ar-
rival in this city, a comparison with C. frontalis resulted in the decision that
my specimens were of that species ; they were accordingly presented to the
Academy as such, together with an account of their habits. Recently, however,
my attention has been called to these birds (a close examination of them having
been made by Dr. Wilson and Mr. Cassin) and a satisfactory conclusion has
been arrived at, that the birds referred to do not belong to the s'^ecies frontalis,
but are of a species not previously described ; I therefore propose the name fami-
liaris, and annex hereto an accurate description which w^as taken from an ex-
amination of a number of specimens, killed at Santa Fe in the spring of 1850.

~Carj)odacns familiaris .*

Adult male. Front, sides of head, chin, throat and rump, crimson; crow^n,
hind-neck and fore part of back, brownish crimson passing into brown on the
after part of the back ; fore part of the breast brownish crimson fading into light
dusky brown on the abdomen, which, with the under tail coverts, is striped wath
blackish brown ; wungs and tail, dusky brown, each feather edged with pale
brown, which is broadest on the wing coverts ; bill robust and curved on the
ridge, and together with the legs and feet dark dusky; iris black. Length, six
inches one line, alar extent ten inches ; wdng from the flexure three and a quar-
ter inches.

The female, (in size rather less than the male,) is above, of a dusky brown
edged with light brown ; beneath, pale brown longitudinally striped with dark
brown ; wings and tail dusky, edged with pale brown. The young on the first
of May were nearly full fledged, and were similar in color to the female, though
lighter.

It will be seen from the foregoing description that the present species differs
from C. frontalis in having the crimson less decidedly defined that color being
diff'used over a greater part of the body, and gradually fading into brown.

62 [April,

The Committee on Dr. HallowcH's paper describing new species
of Reptiles, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descrlptio7i of netif species of Keptilia from Western Africa*
By Edward Hallowell, M. D.
PHRACTOGONUS,* Halloivell.

Snbgeneric Characters. Head conical, presenting two large plates upon its
upper surface. Nostrils below the rostral. A row of longitudinal shields upon
the chest. Body and tail annulated ; lateral pores near the anus.

Phractogonus gahatus.

Specific Characters. Five teeth in the lower jaw on each side ; four maxillary
on each side of the upper jaw, and two intermaxillary teeth; two large plates upon
the head; lateral pores near the anus; pectoral shields four in number, long
and narrow; two hundred and fourteen rings upon the body, eighteen upon the
tail.

Description. The head is small and somewhat triangular, rounded in front.
It presents upon its upper surface two large plates, one of which forms the ros-
tral. The posterior of these is much the larger, and is more extended
transversely than in its antero-posterior diameter. It presents three
distinct margins anteriorly, its posterior margin being somewhat
rounded ; its superior surface is convex. The rostral is rounded an-
teriorly, depressed above ; its anterior margin presents an acute edge.
The snout extends nearly a line beyond the mouth. In an angle formed by the
plates just described, on each side of the head, is one which is narrow and
oblong ; and immediately behind it another very small and quadrilateral ; behind
this at the angle ofthe mouth is a triangular plate, its base presenting back-
ward ; between them at the posterior part of the head are four narrow and
more or less oblong and two smaller ones. The nostrils are
quite small, V shaped, a line apart, and are situated upon the under
part of the snout, in a narrow plate immediately behind the
rostral. The eyes are not visible. Five labial plates margin the
upper jaw on each side. There are three upon the margin of the lower
jaw', tfe posterior of which is very large and quadrilateral. The mental
plate is also large, with a rounded posterior margin. The pectoral shields
are four in number, the two middle ones by their junction forming a tri-
angle superiorly. They are each about three lines and three-fourths in length,
and a line in breadth. The two lateral shields, which are pentagonal, have their
/^.ys. bases precisely in aline with those of the intermediate plates. Im-
/\X-J\ mediately above the two middle pectoral are two small quadrilateral
J r T ones about a line in breadth ; their external and inferior margin is
j I "in contact with the superior and internal margin of the long and

' V I J / narrow external pectoral shields. There are nine semicircular
rings upon the upper part of the body terminating at the base ofthe
pectoral plates. There are 214 rings upon the body, and 18 upon the tail.
Body slender, cylindrical, fifteen lines in circumference at its middle, of an
obscure white color : (the specimen has been preserved in alcohol). The back
of the animal is covered with numerous small quadrangular scuta, looking
^ I j j-p, like mosaic : they are wider apart upon the abdomen, which has a
V' '^JJ.^Jtg/ smooth appearance. No longitudinal sulci are observed upon the body.
There are two lateral pores quite distinct, each in a separate scale
on the left side of the row of pmnanal scales, and one near the centre of a scale
on the right ofthe same row. The scales in front ofthe anus are six in riumber,
the two middle ones oblons; and quadrilateral, the lateral ones irregular in shape.
Biviensioiis. Length of head Ah lines, of neck and body 13 inches (Fr.) 10
lines, of tail l-Oi lines.

Geographical distribution. Liberia, West Coast of Africa.

<I>/i*xTof munitus, ymoi; angulns.

1852.] 63

Habits. But little is known of the habits of this animal. They probably re-
semble those of the Amphisba'nidcT.

General Remarks. But three species of Lepidosternon are described by Dume-
ril and Bibron in their Erpetologie Generale, viz., Lep. microcephalum, L.
phocaena, and L. scutigerum. From the microcephalum, the species upon which
the genus was founded by Spix, galeatus differs in the form and number of the
pectoral shields, the number of plates upon the head, and in being a much more
slender animal. Lepidosternon phocaena presents twelve plates upon the head, and
the pectoral shields are small and lozenge shaped. The resemblance between the
animal just described and the L. scutigerum, the Cephalopeltis Cuvieri of Muller,
is more close, but it differs from it in several well marked particulars, viz., the
position of the nostrils, which in all the species described by Dumeril and Bibron
are stated to be in the rostral plate. They are distinctly so drawn in the figure of
the L. microcephalum of Spix, in his work on the serpents of Brazil. In L. galeatus
the nostrils are situated in a plate immediately below the rostral. It differs also
in having lateral anal pores, which are not mentioned as existing in either of the
described species of Lepidosternon, and in the number of rings upon the body
and tail. These are stated by Dumeril and Bibron to be three hundred and four-
teen for the body and fourteen or fifteen for the tail. The L. scutigerum is there-
fore a much longer animal, measuring 18! inches. All the species of Lepidos-
ternon hitherto described are from South America.

The reptile most nearly resembling the above described animal is undoubtedly
the Monaspis capensis of Dr. Andrew Smith, (Illustrations of the Zoology of
South Africa. Keptilia, pi. 67.) The nostrils in the plate of Dr. Smith are
placed as in Phractogonus, but no mention is made of his description of lateral
anal pores. The number of rings upon the body is 206, of the tail 7. The
prfeanal scale is divided as in L. galeatus into six compartments, and the pectoral
shields are the same in number but differ in shape. The head, however, has but
a single plate or shield, and hence the name Monaspis, which cannot with pro-
priety be applied to an animal with two. I therefore prefer the name Phracto-
gonus. The greater or less number of plates upon the head may, as Dr. Smith
observes, be of specific importance only, but the position of the nostrils and the
presence of lateral anal pores are characters of sufficient value to warrant the
establishment of a subgenus.

Hemic ACT YLUS angulatus.

Specific Characters. Upper part of body co^'ered with tubercles, dis-
posed in oblique parallel rows converging toward the middle line of
the back. A large triangular plate under the chin. Tail of same
length as head and body. Tail subquadrangular at its base, tapering
gradually towards a point.

Description. The head of this animal is of moderate size, flattened above,
somewhat swollen at the temples. The snout is triangular, depressed abovp,
the nostrils which are small and circular being: placed nearly a line apart about
half a line above the opening of the mouth. There is a row of nine or ten plates
upon each side of the upper jaw; of these the two or three nearest the snout
appear to be the largest. The same number exists upon each side of the lower
jaw. The nostril is in a narrow, oblong, quadrilateral plate. The mental plate is
large and triangular, with two smaller quadrangular plates on each side at the
apex of the trians^le. The meatus auditorius is very distinct, of moderate size,
oval in shape. The eyes are large and lateral, with rounded pupils. The upper
half of the orbit is bordered by a single row of conical scales. The chin and
throat are covered with small granular scales, which are somewhat larger near the
chin. The scales upon the neck and abdomen are smooth and quadrangular,
running in oblique rows. The upper part of the body presents numerous tuber-
cles arranged in oblique rows, converging toward the middle line of the back*
The interspaces between the tubercles are covered with very numerous black
points. Upon the head and neck, numerous tubercles, larger and more abundant
upon the neck, are observed, arranged in an irregular manner. The upper and
lateral surfaces of the snout are covered with tubercles thickly agglomerated.

64 [April,

A well marked depression exists upon the snout and upper part of the head.
There are thirteen or fourteen femoral pores in the specimen examined, but no
pores immediately in front of the anus. Three or four of these pores extend
beyond the thigh on each side about a line in front of the anus. The under sur-
face of the extremities is covered with small imbricated scales, which are very
minutely punctated with black. The under part of the fingers is provided with
a double row of imbricated scales divided by a median line. The upper surface of
the tail presents numerous scattered tubercles, the under surface transverse scuta,
somewhat indistinct.

Coloration. Upper part and sides of head yellowish. Upper part of body
light chocolate color, with numerous minute points of black ; upper surface of
extremities of a lighter color than rest of body. Under part of body and extre-
mities light straw color.

Dimensions Length of head eight lines ; greatest breadth five lines. Length
of body one inch and a half (Fr.) ; of tail two inches.

Geographical distribution. \^ est coast of Africa.

Remarks. This species differs from all the species of Hemidactylus described
by Dumeril and Bibron. It is well characterized by the angular plate at the
chin and the disposition of the rows of tubercles upon the back.

AcONTiAS elegans.
Specific Characters. No inferior eyelid; two internasal plates,
pentagonal, articulating with the rostral; frontal heptagonal, broader
than long; an interparietal hexagonal, more extended transversely
than antero-posteriorly ; an occipital plate larger than either of the
others, hexagonal, its supero-external margin hollowed ; a parietal
plate, a fronto-parietal, one supra-ocular, two posterior-oculars; a fre-
nal, and a freno-orbitar much smaller than the frenal.

Bescriftion. The head ot this animal is small, depressed, triangular in shape
above, rounded in front; the rostral plate encloses the extremity of the snout and
presents a slit on each side posteriorly, extending backward and inferiorly in a
curved direction to its posterior border; immediately above the rostral are two
internasal plates, pentagonal, their inferior margin articulating with the posterior
margin of the rostral ; the frontal, interparietal and occipital form a longitudinal
row nearly equal in size, upon the middle and upper part of the head. The in-
ternasal articulate with each other by their narrowest or internal margin, with
the frontal, the frenal and the first labial; the frontal with the internasal, the
interparietal, the freno-orbitar and the supra-ocular ; the interparietal with the
supra-ocular ; and the fronto-parietal with the frontal anteriorly and the occi-
pital posteriorly ; the occipital articulates in front with the interparietal, later-
ally on each side with the parietal and the fronto-parietal ; the parietal are oblong,
inequilateral, longer from behind forward than in the opposite direction ; the
fronto-parietal are hexagonal, larger than the parietal ; the supra-ocular are also
hexagonal; the frenal plate is quadrangular articulating with the internasal, the
frontal, the supra-ocular, the freno-orbitar and the first labial. The eyes are
distinct but without an eyelid. They are situated in an interspace formed by five
scales, and covered by a scale a very little larger than the eye; the inferior of
the five is the second supra-labial. Three plates margin the upper jaw on each
side ; there are three upon the lower ; the most anterior of the upper row is
quite large, presenting an acute angle forward and upward. The plate upon the
under jaw, immediately behind the mental, is long and narraw ; the nostrils are
small, oval, nearly a line apart: immediately behind the mental is a transversely
elongated triangular plate, the apex of the triangle presenting backward. Body
slender, flattened below ; tail long, covered at its extremity with minute trape-
zoidal scales ; body and tail covered with smooth imbricated scales above and
below: their posterior margin is convex, and they have a striated appearance,
each scale having from two to five whitish striae ; the striation on the under sur-
face ; is quite remarkable ; a single scale in front of the anus. There are twenty
longitudinal rows of scales around the body. Tongue oval, covered with nu-
merous small papilla-, slightly bifid at its extremity. Marginal teeth very

1852.] ^5

small ; no teeth in the palate, which is also without a longitudinal groove ; no
meatus audilorius externus visible.

Coloratioji. Above dark chestnut color, the edges of the scales bordered with
ash color, giving the whole a tesselated appearance ; under part of abdomen and
tail same color, but brighter ; chin, snout, upper and under jaw yellow.

Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines, greatest breadth 2 lines. Length of
head and body 5 inches (Fr.) ; of tail 2 inches 4 lines.

Geograpliical distrihulion. Liberia, West Coast of Africa.

General Remarks. This animal has a general resemblance to the Acontias
meleagris of Cuvier, the only species of Acontias hitherto described, but it
differs from it in many important particulars, several of which beeome evident
even upon a superficial examination. Thus it is only necessary to compare the
plates of the head with the figure of them given in the filty-eighth plate of Du-
meril and Bibron, to perceive at once that it is not the same animal. The A. me-
leajiris is also larger, measuring 9! inches (Fr.) ; but the tail is nearly an inch
shorter, measuring 1^ inches. It differs also in having an inferior eyelid, which
elegans has not ; and in the form of the eye, which in meleagris resembles a
longitudinal slit, but which in elegans is circular. The longitudinal fissure in the
posterior part of the rostral plate is straight in meleagris, in elegans it is
curved; meleagris presents a longitudinal groove in the palate, elegans has
none; the scales upon the body are hexagonal in meleagris, in elegans they
are trapezoidal. The number of rows of scales differs in the two animals. In
the one there are but fourteen, in the other twenty.

The species of reptiles just described, with a beautiful specimen of Onycho-
cephalus Liberiensis, were presented to the Academy by Dr. Henry A. Ford of
Liberia, the gentleman to whom we are also indebted for the magnificent skele-
ton of Troglodytes gorilla, the largest known Troglodyte.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. LeConte, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Remarks on some Coleofterous insects collected by S. TV. Woodhoicse, M. jD., in

Missouri Territory and New Mexico.

By John L. LeConte, M. D.

The collection of insects made by Dr. Woodhouse, to whom science is so
much indebted for extensive researches on the natural history of the regions
west of the Mississippi, consists chiefly of species from the boundary of the
tract of land which the liberal policy of our Government has set apart for the
Creek Indians, and were procured while he was attached to a surveying party
under Capt. Sitgreaves, of the Topog. Corps. The bulk of the collection made
in Texas and in New Mexico, has unfortunately been lost in the acccidents to
which the traveller is so frequently subjected in those wild and dangerous
regions. The few, however, that remain, are of such interest as to cause us
doubly to regret the destruction of the rest, and fervently to hope that the in-
dustry of future travellers may soon repair these unavoidable losses.

1. Cicindela cuprascens subelongata, subcylindrica, capite thoraceque
fusco-aeneis, hoc lateribus leviter rotundatis tenuiter albo-pubescente, impression-
ibus transversis profundis, linea longitudinali tenui, elytris thorace sesquilatiori-
bus dense punctatis cupreis, macula basali, margine toto laterali, striga obliqua
subhumerali, apice hamata, faspia media elongata valde refracta intus dentata,
lunulaque apicali ochroleucis dilatatis, apice oblique sinuatis acutis, serrulatis ;
trochanteribus posticis testaceis ; labro albo, transverso, edentato. Long. '4 '53.

Cicindela blanda var. /S. Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 180.

I found several specimens of this elegant species on the Arkansas river, and
have heretofore considered it as a variety of C. blanda Dej. After further ex-

66 [April,

amination I am convinced that it must be considered as distinct. It is closely-
allied to C. blanda, but is less elongated in its form, and the elytra, although
cylindrical, are not so convex. The labrum is short, and, as in C. blanda, the
teeth of the anterior edge are obsolete ; the palpi are pale, with the tips brassy
green. The thorax is very finely, not densely wrinkled ; the sides are more
rounded than in C. blanda, although as in that species, they are less convex in
the female. The elytra are of a brilliant copper-color, more coarsely and dense-
ly punctured than in C. blanda. The markings are as in C. blanda, but very
broad, and the upper part of the medial fascia is less tortuous. The elytra of
the female is strongly excised on the outer edge near the tip, precisely
as in C. blanda. The body beneath is greenish bronze, covered with fine dense
white hair ; the posterior trochanters are testaceous.

The insect that I have considered as C. blanda var. y must also be separated
as a distinct species under the name.

C. t a r s a 1 i s , elongata, vix cylindrica, fusco-picea opaca, thorace lateribus
rotundatis, utrinque leviter constricto, breviter albo pubescente, elytris ochreis,
sutura antice lineolisque obliquis fuscis, apice oblique attenuatis serrulatis ;
labro transverso, edentato ; tibiis testaceis trochantibusposticis flavis, tarsis pos-
ticis longissimis. Long. -48.

One male, Canootche river, Georgia. The diagnosis enables this species to
be distinguished from the preceding and from C. blanda. The color is dull,
without any metallic gloss. The elytra are less cylindrical and less convex, and
the markings are so broad that the interstices between them are reduced to nar-
row fuscous lines ; the punctures of the dark parts of the elytra are large and
dense, but not deep. The tibiae are pale, with the tip darker ; the posterior tarsi
are more than one-fourth longer than in C. blanda. The body beneath is black,
covered with short, dense white hair.

2. Cicindela cumatilis Lee. Ann. Lye. 5, 173.

A variety of this beautiful species was found with the spots much larger than
in the type, so that the medial band attains the margin, and is only interrupted
on the disc : the spot anterior to the apical lunule is also enlarged, and there is
a very minute white humeral dot.

3. C i cind e 1 a n. sp.

A very small species, probably allied to C. germanica, indicated only by a
single elytron. The markings are so different from any other species within
our territory, that a description of even this fragment will enable the species to
be easily recognized.

The color is brownish black, without metallic lustre ; the surface is sericeous
with fine granulations ; the punctures are distant, large and deep ; the humeral
lunule is very narrow ; the oblique posterior part is curved ; the margin is
white, interrupted only at the apical lunule ; the anterior band perpendicular,
and united to the margin externally, descending slightly at its inner part, and
terminating in a small spot near the suture ; the margin along the apical lunule
is finely serrate, and obliquely attenuated almost to the tip, which is very
suddenly rounded, and almost truncate ; the suture is armed with a very mi-
nute spine.

4. Lachnophorus elegantulus Man. Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 43: ibid
184G, p. 7.

Tacky pus mediosignatiis Menetries, Bull. Soc. Petrop. 1843. This pretty
little insect seems to have a very extensive distribution. I found it in abun-
dance on the banks of the Gila near the Pimas villages. Dr. Woodhouse
took it on the Creek Boundary, and Mr. Pease brought a specimen from
Mexico. ' ,

5. Chlcenius vafer, nigro piceus, capite cyaneo, thorace cyanescente,
latitudine breviore, antrorsum angustato et lateribus rotundato, subtiliter obso-
lete punctato, elytris thorace latioribus dense punctulatis, et pubescentibus,
striis fere ad apicem fortiter punctatis, antennarum basi pedibusque ferrugineis.
Long. "45.

1852.] 67

Creek Boundarj^. This species is allied to C. tricolor, nemoralis, vicinus, &c.,
but the punctures on the thorax are very small and alnnost obliterated. The
labrum is wide, scarcely emarginate ; the head is bright blue, very finely punc-
tulate and wrinkled; the thorax is blueish, wider than long, at the apex nar-
rower than at the base; very much rounded on the sides anteriorly ; the base
is truncate ; the angles obtuse, not rounded ; the disc scarcely convex, finely
and very obsoletely punctured; the basal impressions long and shallow. The
elytra are wider than the thorax, dull black; the striae are deeply punctured
nearly to the tip ; the interstices are slightly convex, and very finely punc-
tured. The first three joints of the antennae, the palpi and the legs are ferru-
ginous.

6. Euryderus zabroides Lee. An. Lye. 4, 152, tab. 8, fig. 5.
The genus Eurydera Lap. seems to be founded upon good characters, although

it was for a long time refused by entomologists. Its adoption requires a change
of name for my genus, and in allusion to the singular form of .the anterior tibiae,
I give Nothopus as the new generic name.

7. Calosoma externum. Carabus externns Say. J. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3,
150: Lee. An. Lye. 4, 445. Calosoma longipemie Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 568. This
insect after all, seems to be a genuine Calosoma, by the structure of the antennae
and palpi. I have seen specimens without wings, but extensive observation has
convinced me this is to be considered as accidental. Its form is more similar
to Carabus than any other species of Calosoma.

8. Euphoria melancholica Schaum. An. Ent- Soc. Fr. 2d ser. 2,
374. A specimen from New Mexico has the thorax and elytra much less punc-
tured than the Louisiana specimens, but I can find nothing worthy of being con-
sidered as a specific difference.

9. Eleodes s u 1 c ata, nigra, thorace parvo, ovato, parce punctulato,
basi truncato, elytris ovalibus apice acutis,dorso depressis, postice valde declivi-
bus, profunde sulcato-striatis, sulcis granulatis, femoribus anticis breviter ar-
matis. Long. '75 -97.

A fine species, abundant in every part of Missouri Territory and easily dis-
tinguished by its sulcate elytra. Head punctured. Thorax a little wider than
long, rounded on the sides, narrowed behind ; moderately convex, sparsely
punctured, anterior angles prominent acute, base truncate. Elytra more
than twice as wide as the thorax, elongate oval, depressed on the disc,
deflexed at the apex, which is acute ; the lateral margin obtuse ; striag broad,
deep and obtuse, rough with elevated points ; interstices not wider than the
striae, convex, marked each with a single series of distant punctures; epipleurae
less deeply striate than the disc. Anterior thighs armed with a short, sharp
tooth. The female differs by having the elytra broader and less acute at
the tip.

10. Myodes scaber, ater confertim punctatus, vertice elevato, tho-
race antrorsum angustato, utrinque truncato, medio obsolete carinato, elytris
parce punctatis, abdomineque flavis. Long. '35.

A very imperfect specimen from the Creek boundary, which is distinguished
from another Southern species having a yellow abdomen, by its much larger
size, more punctured head and thorax, and immaculate black feet. I am in-
clined to believe that the color of the abdomen is a sexual character as in the
European M. subdipterus.

11. AcmcEodera variegata, cupreo-aenea, pilosa, thorace brevi
confertissime punctato, macula laterali lutea, elytris basi minus convexis, fasciis
irregularibus luteis anterioribus confluentibus. Long. '35.

The specimen of Dr. Woodhouse being imperfect, ni)'" description is taken from
some collected by Mr. Fendler near Santa Fe.

Body coppery-bronzed, with erect brown hair. Thorax very densely and
coarsely punctured, three times as wide as long, sides rounded anteriorly, al-

10

68 [April,

most parallel behind ; margin behind the middle with a yellow spot. Elytra
less convex at the base than in A. pulchella, with rows of large points, becom-
ing striae behind the middle ; interstices with a single series of small distant
punctures ; the ordinary yellow bands are more numerous, and those before the
middle are confluent, so oidy the suture, a large humeral spot and a transverse
spot one fourth way from the base, remain bronzed. The two posterior fasciffi
are oblique ; the anterior one of them includes a small marginal spot ; the tip is
yellow. Beneath immaculate, bronzed, punctured. Varies with the anterior spot
of the elytra large and confluent with the suture.

12. Dicerca Woodhousii, aenea, nitida, chalybeo-variegata, tho-
race cribratim punctato, brevi, lateribus valde rotundatis, antrorsum angustato,
angulis posticis rectis, elytris apice integris, seriatim crenatis, maculis irregu-
laribus opacis transversis profunde impressis. Long. "72 '97.

I take great pleasure in dedicating this fine species, to the enterprising travel-
ler to whom we owe its discovery.

Body coppery-bronze, varied with bluish reflections, moderately stout and
convex ; head strongly punctured, with three faint confluent elevated lines on
the front, labrum green ; thorax cribrate, more than twice as broad as long, nar-
rowed in front, very strongly rounded on the sides, narrowed a little towards
the posterior angles, which are rectangular and sharp. Elytra with rows of
large points, and with numerous deep impressed subconfluent spaces, which are
opake, densely punctured and finely pubescent ; tip entire. Legs green bron-
zed, knees, tip of the tibiae, and tarsi steel blue. Tip of the abdomen of the
male very slightly truncate ; of the female rounded.

13. Pristilophus puncticollis, niger, nitidus, thorace antrorsum
subangustato, lateribus confertim, disco minus dense punctato, elytris crenato-
striatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, distinctius punctulatis. Long. -75 -9

This species is tolerably abundant in every part of Missouri Territory. It is
closely allied to P. m o r i o Germ. Zeitsch. 4, 85, but the elytral strias are not so
deep, and the interstices are but very slightly convex. Head strongly punctur-
ed. Thorax longer than wide, somewhat narrowed in front, slightly rounded on
the sides, which are strongly margined ; disc moderately punctured, sides very
densely punctured, scarcely impressed towards the anterior angles, posterior
angles slightly diverging. Elytra as wide as the thorax, striae punctured, not
deeply impressed, intertices scarcely convex, finely and irregularly punctured.

14. Arhopalus charus, Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. 2d ser. 2, 17.
Among those brought by Dr. Woodhouse is a variety, in which the yellow tip
of the elytra is much larger, inclosing a black spot.

The Committee to whicli was referred a paper by Prof. Baircl and
Mr. Charles Girard on the characteristics of some New Reptiles in the
Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, reported in favor of publication
in the Proceedings.

Characteristics of some New Reptiles in the Musenvi of the Smithsonian

Institution.

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard.

Full descriptions and figures of these species will shortly appear in Capt.
Stansbury's Report to Congress on the great Salt Lake (Utah.)

SiREDON LICHENOIDES, B, Body uniform blackish brown, covered all over
with licheniform patches of grayish yellow ; snout rounded ; tail compressed,
and lanceolated ; toes broad and short. Caught by R. H. Kern, Esq., in a lake
at the head of Santa Fe Creek in New Mexico.

1852.] 69

Cnemidophorus TIGRIS, B. and G. Scales on the subguttural fold small in size;
four yellowish indistinct stripes along the dorsal region. From the Valley of
the great Salt Lake. Collected by Cupt. Stansbury.

Crotaphytits Wislizenii, B. and G. Head proportionally narrow and elong-
ated ; cephalic plates and scales on the back very small ; yellowish brown, spot-
ted all over with small patches of deeper brown or black. Caught near Santa
Fe, by Dr. Wislizenius ; specimens of the same species sent in by Lieut. Col.
J. D. Graham, collected between San Antonio and El Paso del Norte.

L/TA (nov. gen.) B. and G. Upper part of body covered with small scales ; a
pectoral fold of the skin ; auditory apertures ; femoral pores present, whilst anal
pores are wanting.

Uta Stansburiana, B. and G. Tail slender, elongated and conical, provided
with large scales disposed in verticils ; a subgular fold in advance of the pecto-
ral one. From the valley of the great Salt Lake ; brought home by Capt. Stans-
bury. '

ScELOPORus graciosus, B. and G. Head subconical ; scales of the back
larger than in any other part of the body ; tail of medium size, slender and
conical. From the valley of the great Salt Lake.

Elgaria sci.vcicauda, B. and G. This is the Tropidohpis scincicaudus of Mr.
Skilton as published in Silliman's Journal vii. 1S49, 202. The specimen there
described and figured is immature. From full-grown individuals we have
drawn the following characters : Dusky green above, light ash colored below.
Eleven transverse black bands on the back interrupted on the dorsal line, white
dotted on their posterior margin. There are six or more of these bands on the
tail. Thirteen to fourteen rows of scales, all of which well carinated. This
species inhabits Oregon and California.

Plestiodon SKILTONIA^^u3I,B. and G. Head small, continuous wdth the body ;
tail stout, very long and subquadrangular. Olivaceous brown, with one broad
band of black on each side. Inhabit Oregon in company with the preceding.
Collected by Rev. George Geary.

Phrynosoma PLATYRHiNos, G. Suout truucatcd, flattened, concave ; nostrils
situated within the internal margin of the superciliary ridge ; occipital and tem-
poral spines of middle size ; one row of pyramido-horizontal and abdomino-
peripheric scales, smaller than in Fhr. Douglassii. Lower surface of head
covered with small and nearly uniform scales ; on the sides and near the neck
a series appears a little more conspicuous, slightly raised and acute. Infra-
marginal series of plates large, of stout appearance, sharp and acute, above
which two row^s of small plates are seen lining the margin of the lower jaw.
Scales of the body of middle size. Femoral pores very conspicuous, but more
apart than in Phr. Douglassii. The lower surface of the body is unicolor.
From Great Salt Lake ; collected by Capt. Stansbury's party.

Phrynosoma modestum, G. Snout truncated, flattened, but not concave.
Nostril openings situated within the internal margin of the superciliary ridge.
Occipital and temporal spines but little developed. No pyramido-horizontal
scales at the periphery of the abdomen. Lower surface of head covered with
minute, generally uniform, scales. Row of inframarginal plates resembling
that in Fhr. platyrhinos, above which, however, one single series of smaller
plates is observed, lining the margin of the lower jaw. Scales on the belly pro-
portionally larger than in any other species, smooth, subquadrangular or trape-
zoidal. Femoral pores conspicuous, the series from right and left meeting on
the middle line of the belly and forming a curve, the convexity of which is
turned backwards towards the vent ; the lower surface of the body is unicolor.
Brought from the valley of the Rio Grande west of San Antonio, by Gen.
Churchill, and from betw^een San Antonio and El Paso del Norte, by Lieut.
Col. J. D. Graham.

70 [April.

Churchillia (nov. gen.) B. and G. Three pairs of frontal plates, one more
than in Coluber and TropidoJiotus ; a very small loral, and several small post-
orbitals. Scales carinated.

Churchillia bellona, B. and G. Body yellowish, with a series of large sub-
hexagonal patches of brown bordered with black, and two or three rows of
smaller patches on the sides ; a brownish black band across the eyes from top of
head to the angle of the mouth. Collected by Gen. Churchill on his march
along the Rio Grande in 1846.

Coluber mormon, B. and G. Posterior frontal plates very large ; vertical
plate long and narrow on its middle ; eyes very large. Found in the valley
of the Great Salt Lake by Capt. Stansbury.

Heterodon nasicum, B. and G. Numerous minute frontal plates instead of
two large pairs ; two brown stripes over the head ; temporal patches very broad.
Collected in Texas by Gen. Churchill.

The Committee to which was referred a paper by Dr. Leidy, entitled
"On the Osteology of the Head of the Hippopotamus and a description
of the osteological characters of a new genus of Hippopotamidae/' reported
in favor of publication in the Journal.

ELECTION.

The following gentlemen were elected Members of the Academy, viz. :
J. C. Trautwine, Esq. ; J. Forsyth Meigs, M. D. ; Jacob G-. Morris,

Esq.; Rev. Henry W. Ducachet; Frederick A. Genth, M. D. ; Elias

Durand, Esq,; J. M. Allen, M. D.; James Aitken Meigs, M, D. ;

William Camac, M. D.; Mr. Henry J. Boiler; Mr. Greorge Zeager; all

of Philadelphia.

l8o2.J

Mmj \t\ 1852.
Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From Commander H. F. Adams, U. S. N., dated Philadelphia,
April 20th, 1852, addressed to Dr. Ruschenberger, acknowledging the
receipt of a copy of his ''Notice of the Academy of Natural Sciences,^'
and expressing his desire to further the objects of the Institution,
during his connection with the projected U. S. Expedition to the East
Indies.

From Dr. Wm. F. Daniel, dated London, March 12th, 1852, accom-
panying the donation of a copy of his work on the Diseases, &c., of
Western Africa.

Dr. LeConte presented a communication intended for publication, en-
titled, '' Synopsis of the Anthicites of the United States.'' Referred
to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Henderson and Dr. Hallowell.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of members to two crania of extinct species of
Ox. One is the original specimen described by Dr. Wistar in the Transactions
of the Am. Phil. Soc.,and afterwards named Bos bombifrons by Dr. Harlan. The
second specimen was found on the shore of the Arkansas river, and was brought
to this city by Mr. Thomas Kite, of Cincinnati. It is remarkable for the very
large process crowning the top of the head, resembling a thick exostosis. Dr.
Dekay has described a fragment of the same species,* and referred it to the Bos
Pallasii, from which it is, however, very distinct. Dr. L. stated that this fossil,
as well as that described as Bos bombifrons, were remarkable for the possession
of large larmiers or lachrymal depressions, as in the deer ; and if these are pos-
sessed by the Ovibos moschatus, the two fossils would belong to the same genus
as Ovibos bombifrons and O. cavifrons ; but if they are not possessed by Ovibos,
as is stated to be the case by Desmarest, the two latter species would form a new
genus, for which the name Bootherium is proposed.

May 11th.
Major John LeConte in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, April 14,
1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy,
Vol. vi. No. 1.

From Prof. A. Retzius, dated Stockholm, Oct. 16, 1851, accompany-
ing his donation of works announced this evening.

From the Rev. Dr. Ducachet, dated May 5, 1852, acknowledging the
receipt of his notice of election as a Member.

Mr. Langstroth, referring to the specimens of Honey Ant presented by him
this evening, remarked that they were obtained by his brother in the vicinity
of Matamoras, Mexico. He had learned that a part of the colony are incapable
of locomotion, and are used as living repositories for the surplus honey of the
colony, which in time of need answer the purpose of the full honey-combs of
the bee.

An. Lye. Nat. Hist., Vol. 2, p. 280, pi. vi.

mOCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. VI. NO. III. 12

72 . [May,

Dr. Leidy remarked that the honey was contained within the stomach, which,
with the abdomen, was enormously distended, assuming a globular condition.
The pergamentaceous segments are widely separated and appear as black bands
upon the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the translucent abdomen. The thorax
and head are about two lines long ; the distended abdomen 4^ lines in diameter.
All the other viscera of the abdomen are completely obliterated, and even the
tracheal vessels have entirely disappeared, which is an important physiological
fact, as by the supply of oxygen being cut off, none of the honey is consumed
in the process of respiration. On the outside of the basement membrane of
the stomach, is a single layer of branching fibres, (muscular ?) The striped
muscular fibres connecting the abdominal segments together, are collected in
very thin bands with wide intervals, and are exceedingly elongated.

A paper by Dr. Woodhouse was presented, entitled ^' Description of a
new species of Lepus " (L. larreae,) and intended for publication ; which
was referred to Dr. Fisher, Dr. Watson and Dr. Zantzinger.

Also a second paper by the same, describing a new species of Ecto-
pistes, (E. marginella,) which was referred to the same Committee.

Mr. Lea read a paper entitled " Description of a fossil Saurian of the
New Red Sandstone of Pennsylvania, with some account of the Forma-
tion ;" which being intended for publication in the Journal, was
referred to Mr. Aubrey H. Smith, Mr. W. P. Foulke, and Mr. Vaux.

3Ia7/ ISth.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Trustees of the New
York State Library, dated Albany, May 12th, 1852, acknowledging the
receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. vi. No. 1.

Mr. Lea read a paper intended for publication in the Journal, *' On
some new Fossil Molluscs in the Carboniferous Slates of the Anthracite
Seams of the Wilkesbarre Coal Formation,'^ which was referred to Dr.
Wilson, Dr. D. D. Owen and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Owen read a paper entitled " Notice of a Mineral from Califor-
nia,^' which being intended for publication in the Proceedings, was re-
ferred to Dr. C. M. Wetherill, Mr. Vaux and Dr. Rand.

Dr. Bridges read some additions to a paper lately presented by Mr,
C. Girard, on the North American Astaci ; which were referred to the
Committee on the former portion of the paper.

J/ay 25th.

The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Dana's continuation of his descriptions of the
Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition, reported in favor of publication
in the Proceedings :

1852.] 73

Conspectus Crustaceorum, 6'c. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring
Expedition under Capt. Wilkes, U. S. N.. including the Crustacea Can-
cRoiDEA Corystoidea. By James D. Dana.

I. CRUSTACEA CANCROIDEA.

A synopsis of the genera of Cancroidea the Cyclometopa of Edwards in-,
eluding their arrangement into families and other groups, has been published by the
writer in the American Journal of Science, 2d ser., vol. xii, p. 121. The follow-
ing pages contain descriptions of the new species in the Expedition collections,
arranged in accordance with the classification explained in that paper. The
distinctive characters of the genera will there be found, both of those of other
authors, as far as accepted, and those here instituted.

Fam. I. CANCRIDaE.
Subfam. CANCRIN.E.

Genus Cancer, Leach, (Platycarcinus, Udw.)

Cancer magister. Carapax nudus, granulatus, paulo convexus, superficie
paulo undulatus, lateraliter triangulatus et acutus, margine postero-laterali fere
recto, antero-laterali lO-dentato, dentibus paululo prominentibus, margine
dentis postero longissimo et fere recto, subtiliter crenulato, dente ultimo
triangulato ; fronte inter-antennali 3-dentato ; articulo antennarum externarum
Imo apicem crasse producto. Pedes antici subaequi, manu supra cristata, multi-
dentata, extus costata, digito mobili supra denticulato. Pedes 8 postici valde
compressi, tarso paulo lato, articulis supra granulatis, 4to supra canaliculato,
tarso articuloque 5to pedis 5ti infra bene ciliatis. Articulus maxillipedis externi
3tius oblongus, apice externo oblique truncatus. Hai^. portu " San Francisco."
Long, carapacis 4|", /at. 1".

^ Cancer gracilis. Carapax nudus, partim minute granulatus, valde convexus,
non distincte areolatus, superficie non undulatus, lateraliter triangulatus et
acutus, margine postero-laterali fere recto, antero-laterali 9-dentato, dentibus
regularibus, acutis, paulo prominentibus, dente Imo vix longiore quam 2dus,
totis margine postero fere rectis et longis et subtiliter denticulatis, fronte inter-
antennali 3-dentato. Maxillipedes externi pubescentes, articulo 3tio apicem
externum valde arcuato aut rotundato, margines apicalem et externum longe
ciliato. Pedes antici subaequi, manu subcristata, crista 1 2-dentata, superficie
externa costata. -Pedes 8 pastici nudi, tarso longo, tenuissimo, nudo. Hab.
portu " San Francisco." Long, carapacis 13'", lat. 19'".

Subfam. XANTHIN.^.
Genus Liomera, Dana.

Carpilio, aspectu, pedibus nudis quoad margines obtusis antennisque similis.
Carapax valde transversus, subellipticus, lateribus rotundatis, margine antero-
laterali non breviore quam postero-lateralis, fronte brevissime bilobato. Ramus
maxillipedis primi internus non lobatus, apice fere rectus. Pedes usque ad
tarsos nudi. An Carpilius cinctivianusy White, hie pertinet ?

LioMERA LATA. Carapax nitidus, valde transversus, transversim bene
ellipticus, antice versus marginem anticum subareolatus, in medio areolis in-
conspicuis ; fronte brevi, perpendicnlariter deflexo, superne viso fere recto et
super orbitas vix saliente, leviter emarginato ; margine antero-laterali crasso et
crasse rotundato, 4-lobato, lobis 2do 3tio 4toque validis, rotundatis, 3tio majore.
Pedes antici asqui, mediocres, manu laevi, digitis brevibus. Hah. ad insulas
*'Feejee." Iro??o-. carapacis 7'", lat.\'i\"'.

Genus Act^a, [DeHaan) Dana.

AcT^A AREOLATA. A. hirtissimo vel specioso aflfiinis. Carapax latior, valde
transversus, infra omnino brevissime hirsutus, supra omnino areolatus, sub-

7-t , [May,

tilissime hirsutus pilis vix longioribus quam granuli, areola 2M* subdivisa,
ejus parte extern;^ etiam partim subdivisa, 3M tripartita, iP tripartita; margine
antero-laterali longo, leviter 5-lobato, postero laterali brevi, valde concavi.
Pedes brevissime hirsuti ; antici subaequi, granulosi, manu carpoque paulo
nodosis, digitis striatis, scabris, brevissime hirsutis, bene triangulato-dentatis.
Pedes postici gxanulosi, dense brevissimeque hirsuti. Hah. freto " Balabac."
Long, carapacis 5.9"', lat. 9.33'".

AcT.BA CELLULosA. Carapax antice posticeque male areolatus, omnino cellu-
losus, nudus, margine antero-laterali imperfecte 3 4-lobato et cellulis excavato,
margine postero-laterali perbrevi et concavo. Pedes antici subaequi, manu
carpoque superficie cellulosis, manu extus infraque subtiliter villosa, digitis
scabris, etiam villosis. Pedes 8 postici cellulis excavati, breves. Hab. ad
insulam " Tutuila " Samoensem. Long, carapacis 3'", lat. 4.3'".

Genus Xantho.
Subgenus Xantho.
Articulus antennarum externarum Imus orbitae fissuram internam fere implens,
articulum sequentem medio gerens. Corpus bene transversum, margo antero-
lateralis ab angiilo orbitae incipiens.

1. Pedes S postici cristati.

Xantho nitidus. Carapax laevis, paulo nitidus, antice partim leviter areolatus,
areolis 2M 5L 6L postice vix circumscriptis ; fronte fere recto, non emarginato,
margine antero-laterali leviter 3 4-lobato, lobis subtriangulatis, angulo orbitali
externo non saliente. Pedes antici subaequi, inermes, fere laeves (subtilissime
corrugatae,) manu bene cristata, digito mobili subcristato et deute basali magno
carente. Pedes 8 postici bene cristati, fere nudi, marginibus integris, apice
margineque inferiore articuli 5ti brevissime hirsuti-villosis, tarso supra infraque
etiam villoso. Hab. juxta insulas " Viti " vel "Tonga." Long, carapacis
3.2'", lat. 5'".

Xantho superbus. Carapax paulo convexus, antice sed non medio areolatus.

Areolae carapacis normales dentesque sic nobis deominati.

F. Regio Frontalis. IF, areola praefrontalis ; 2F, post-frontalis.

M. Regio Mediana. IM, areola praemediana ; 2M, extra-mediana ; 3M,
intra-mediana vel gastrica ; 4M, post-mediana.

P. Regio Posterior. IP, areola cardiaca; 2P, intestinalis.

L. Regio Antero-lateralis. Areolae sunt normales, 1L,2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L.

R. Regio Postero-lateralis. Areolae sunt normales, iR, 2R, 3R.

O. Regio orhitalis.

Dentes normales antero-laterales numero quinque sunt et designati D, E, N,
T, S. Alter dens supplementalis pone S, s denominatus et alter inter dentes
D et E, d. Vide " Amer. Journ. Sci." [2], vol. xi, p. 95.

1852.[ ^ 75

areolis 3M 4M 5L 6L fere coalitis et postice vix circumscriptis, sulcis anteriori-
bus villosis ; fronte paulo sinuoso, emarginato ; margine untero-laterali crasse
4-dentato, dentibus duobus anticis rotundatis. Pedes cristati, manu extus
subseriatim minute tuberculata, supra valde cristata ; pedibus posticis quoad
margines dense hirsutis, tarso villoso. Ilab. ad insulam " Raraka " archipelagi
Paumotensis. Long, carapacis 13'"; lat. 21'".

2. Pedes S postici non cristati.

Xantho dispar. Carapax fere planus, ellipticus, latere rotundatus, non
nitidus, antice non bene areolatus, prope marginem impressus, margine antico
areolarum IM 2M paulo impresso, lineis duabus regionem antero-lateralem
intersecantibus ; fronte fere recto, non producto, margine antero-laterali cras-
siusculo, subacuto, fere integro, levissime trilobato, lobo antico (DEN respon-
dente) plus duplo longiore quam 2dus (T) angulo post-orbitali non saliente.
Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu supra late rotundata, corrugata et partim
granulosa, digito mobili non canaliculato, dente magno basali. Pedes 8 postici
breves, subnudi, articulis 4to 5toque supra granulosis, 5to tarsoque minute
villosis. Hab. portu "Rio Janeiro." Long, carapacis 5h"' ; lat. SI'".

Xantho minor. X. parvulo, affinis. Carapax antice areolatus, areolis leviter
elevatis, 2M 3M 5L 6L postice circumscriptis, 2M cum rugatransversimdivisa ;
fronte fere recto, leviter emarginato ; margine antero-laterali tenui, 4-dentato,
dentibus tribus posticis subtriangulatis. Pedes antici mediocres, carpo manuque
supra paulo granulosis, manu extus leviter granulato-costata et supra sulcata,
digito mobili cum dente magno basali non armato. ' Pedes S postici sparsim
pubescentes. Hab. insulam Madeira vel " Cape Verds." Long, carapacis 2.1"',
lat. 3.1'"

Subgenus Paraxanthus, Lucas, (D'Orb. S. A. p. 18.)

Hie referemus Xantho sexdecimdentatum, Edw. et Lucas, (D'Orb. S. Ame-
rica, tab. 7, p. 2,) fronte, ac in Paraxantho, horizontaliter producto, latejibus
rotundatis et expansis, abdomine angusto, articulo anteunarum externarum Imo
brevi.

Subgenus Euxanthus, Dana.

Articulus antennarum externarum Imus orbitae fissuram internam ad summum
implens, cavitate in ejus apicis latere antico articulum proximum gerente.
Margo antero-lateralis sub orbita antice productus.

Elxanthis SCULPTILI5. Carapax antice posticeque profunde areolatus, areola
2M bipartita, ejus partibus transversim subdivisis, totisque areolis plus minusve
rugatis aut incisis ; fronte inter-antennali bilobato, paulo prominente, maro'ine
orbitae sub antenna saliente ; margine antero-laterali 6 7-dentato, dentibus' sat
crassis, pyramidicis, obtusis. Pedes antici aequi, carpo crasse nodoso, manu
supra tuberculata, extus costata, digito mobili supra denticulato. Pedes postici
mediocres, articulo 3tio granuloso, 4to 5toque supra rugatis aut tuberculosis
tarso villoso. Abdomen valde areolatum. Hab. archipelago Vitiensi (Feeiee)
vel Tongen&i. Long, carapacis lis'", lat. llh'".

ErxAXTHus xiTiDus. E. sculptili quoad pedes anticos et posticos maro^inem
carapacis antero-lateralem frontemque similis. Carapax omnino valde areolatus
areolis plerisque levibus, interdum leviter rugatis, angulo orbitce externo tenui
et non tuberculiformi nee angulato. lZii. ibid. -Lo?;^-. carapacis 9'" ; lat.W".

Subgenus Xaxthodes, Dana.

Articulus antennarum externarum Imus brevis, processum frontis oblongum
attingens tantum. Carapax saepe angustior, saspe Pilumno paulo similis
lateraliter angulum ad dentem S habens, et non rotundatus ac in Paraxantho.

Xanthodes graxoso-manus. Carapax laevis, prope margines anticum et
antero-lateralem granulosus, antice parce areolatus, areolis 2M 3M postice
saepius vix circumscriptis, 4L 5L 6L coalitis et postice non circumscriptis
fronte fere recto, emarginato, margine antero-laterali non tenui, 5-dentato',

76 [May,

dentibus sat isolatis, vix acutis, D vix prominente, E parvulo et granuliformi.
Pedes antici fere aequi, manu supra rotundata, supra infraque granulosa, extus
late costata, costis granulosis, carpo granaloso, digitis canaliculatis. Pedes
postici fere nudi, articulis 4to Stoque supra granulosis, tarso brevissime villoso.
Hab. ad insulas Samoenses (" Navigators ") quoque credimus Tahitienses
("Society") et Paumotenses. Long, carapacis AY" '-, lat. 6f ^

Xanthodes nitidulus. Carapax laevis, nitidus, antice partim areolatus,
areolis iM 2M 3M vix discretis, 2L 3L extus abruptis, 2L cum4L 5L 6L saepius
coalitis hisque postice non bene circumscriptis, 3L circumscripta; fronte leviter
arcuato, emarginato ; margine antero-laterali 4-dentato, dente D obsolete, denti-
bus E N T S subconicis, subacutis, nitidis. Pedes antici paulo inaequi, inermes,
laeves, manu supra obtusa, prope marginem supernum uni-canaliculata ; carpo
prope articulationem apicalem paulo excavato. Pedes 8 postici margine superno
articulorum 3tii 4ti 5tique valde hirsuti, tarso hirsuto, articulo 3tio supra non
denticulate). Hah. archipelago Paumotensi. Long, carapacis 5'" ; lat. 1\'" .

Xanthodes notatus. Carapax antice bene areolatus, areolis planis, fere
laevibus et subtilissime erosis, sulcis abruptis, fronte fere recto, emarginato ;
margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dente D fere obsoleto, E N tuberculiformibus,
T S acutis et spiniformibus. Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu carpoque pedis
majoris minute tuberculatis, manu infra lagvi, nitida, manu carpoque pedis
minoris spinulis dense armatis. Pedes 8 postici hirsuti, articulo 3tio supra den
ticulato. Hah. ad insulas Paumotenses vel Tahitienses ; quoque insulas
Hawaienses. Long, carapacis feminae ovigerae 3|'"; lat. 5V^'.

Genus PanopvEUS, Edioards,

Panop^us LvEvis. Carapax laevis, vix nitidus, non bene areolatus, fronte fere
recto, non producto, minute emarginato, margine antero-laterali tenui,
4-lobato, lobis 2do 3tioque bene dentiformibus et acutis, margine eorum postico
arcuato, 4to angustiore. Pedes antici valde inaequi, inermes, supra rotundati,
manu laevi, extus paulo nitida, digito mobili laevi, dente magno basali carente.
Pedes 8 postici tenues, marginibus pubescentibus, articulo 3tio fere nudo. Hah.
? Long, carapacis Qh'" ; lat. H' \

Genus Med^us, Dana.

Carapax angustus, paulo transversus. Orbitae margo inferior externusque
dentibus tribus instructus. , Frons sat brevis. Margo carapacis antero-lateralis
sub orbita productus. Articulus antennae externae Imus orbitae fissuram fere
implens ac in subgenere Xaut/io. Abdomen maris 5-articulatum, segmento
ultimo brevi. Pedes antici crassi.

Med.eus ornatus. Carapax paulo transversus, profunde areolatus, areolis
asperatis praecipue in parte anteriore, nee 2M nee 3M subdivisa, margine antero-
laterali ^ fi-dentato, dentibus D d E NT S designatis, scabris, orbita 4 denti-
bus circumdata ; fronte producto, latiore, bene emarginato, lobis margine
concavis. Pedes antici aspere tuberculato, manu tuberculis asperatis fere
oblongis et non acuminatis armata, digitis asperatis. Pedes postici pubescentes,
articulo 3tio supra spinuloso. Hah. prope insulam " Lahaina " Hawaiensem.
Long, carapacis 5.1"'; lat. 1'".

Subfam CHLORODTNi^:.
Genus Etisus, Leach.

Etisus deflexus. Carapax leviter bene areolatus, laevis, fronte inter-anten-
nali 4-lobato, tenui, valde deflexo, setigero, margine antero-laterali 5-dentato,
dentibus subacutis, 2do minore. Pedes antici sat longi, manu carpoque extus
supraque bene granulosis, digitis laevibus ; reliqui angusti, valde pilosi. Abdo-
men maris 5-articulatum eoque levimani simile. Hah. archipelago Vitiensi.
Long, carapacis 6'" ; lat. ^\"'.

Etisus levtmanus, Randall, (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 115,) -ad in-
sulas Vitienses et Hawaienses lectus. Long, carapacis 19'", lat. 31'".

1852.] 77

Subgenus Etisodes, Dana.

Etiso differt brachio parce exserto, carapace angnstiore et non lateraliter pro-
ducto, forma Xantho simili et non Cancro uti in Etiso.

Etisodes frontalis. Carapax vix nitidus, minus transversus ; antice areo-
latus, postice planus, areolis fere planis, areola SM sinriplice ; fronte producto,
horizontali ; margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus subtriangulatis, dente
posteriore (S) nninore. Pedes antici inernnes, n.anu supra non laevi, digito
mobili supra fere 3-carinato, carpo granuloso, prope articulationeni manus pro-
minente. Pedes 8 postici paulo pubescentes, articulo 3tio inernai. Hab. mari
Suluensi. Lo^. carapacis S""'; lat.31'".

Etisodes c^latus. Carapax valde convexus et areolatus, areolis tuberculi-
formibus, parce granulosis, areola 2M longitudinaliter subdivisa, 3M tripartita,
4M tripartita, IP et 2P ^valde^ disjunctis et bene circunascriptis, transversis ;
fronte inter-antennali 4-lobato, lobis externis parvulis, non salientibus ; margine
antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus obtusis. Pedes antici sat crassi, carpo tubei-
culoso, manu extus seriatim spinulosa aut spini-tuberculosa, digito supra spinu-
loso. Pedes reliqui compressi obsolete pubescentes, marginibusque valde
hirsuti. Abdomen feminae 7-articulatum. Hab. ad insulam " Wakes," maris
Pacifici. Long, carapacis 10"' ; lat. 14".

Genus ZozYMUS, Leach, (^gle, De Haan.)

Atergati Acteceque differt pedibus 8 posticis cristatis.

ZozYMUs GEMMULA. Carapax nudus, non granulatus, nitidus, antice bene
areolatus, areolis paulo monticulosis, IM 2M discretis, 2M subdivisa, fronte
fere recto, emarginato, margine antero-laterali tenui, leviter 4-lobato, lobis tribus
posticis fere asquis. Pedes antici aequi, noncarinati, manu carpoque tuberculatis,
tuberculis cum granulis acervatis instructis ; manu extus partim seriatim granu-
lata. Pedes 8 postici bene carinati, carina articulorum 3tii 4tique prope apicem
profunde incisa, tarso sparsim hirsuto. Hab. mari Suluensi. Lo?ig. carapacis
2-G'"; lat. 3-9'".

ZozYJMus LJEvis. Carapax latus, laevis, paulo nitidus, areolis plerisque obso-
letis, 2L et IM prominulis, margine antero-laterali dilatato et tenui, obsolete
2 3-lobato, dente nullo. Pedes antici aequi, inermes, manu lata, supra rotun-
data, digito mobili valde uncinato. Pedes postici subcristati, fere nudi. Hab.
freto " Balabac." Lo?ig. carapacis 5-1'" ; lat. 9'".

Genus Carpilodes, Dana.

Carapax latus, undique convexus, nudus, marginibus crasse rotundatis. Pedes
nudi, fere laeves et subcylindrici. Aliis Zozymo similis. Carpilio Liomerceqtie
habitu affinis sed digitis cochleariformibus differt.

Carpilodes TRisTis. Carapax latior, late subrhombicus, laevis, non nitidus,
antice sat areolatus, areolis iM 2M conjunctis, 2L 3L conjunctis, 4L 5L 6L
conjunctis; fronte brevi, fere recto, levissime emarginaio; margine antero-
laterali 4-lobato, lobis rotundatis ; latere postero-laterali recto, convexo. Pedes
antici aequi, breves et parvi, nudi et inermes, laeves. Pedes postici vix com-
pressi, nudi. Hab. archipelago Paumotensi? Long, carapacis 6-15'"; lat. 10*5"'<

Genus Act^odes, Dana.

Carapax postice fere planus, versus margines anticum antero-lateralemque cur-
vatim declivis. Digiti instar cochlearis excavati. Pedes 8 postici articulo 3tio
non cristati. Typus Zozymus tomentosus. Actaea differt, digitis plus minusve
cochleariformibus.

1. Carapax sive Icevis sive vio: granulatus .y nee tomentosus,

AcTiEODES AREOLATUS. Carapax bene areolatus, laevis, areola 2M simplice,
IR 3R discretis, IP vix circumscripta; margine frontali fere recto, emargi-
nato; margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dente 5to parce minore. Pedes antici
eequij manu extus parce rugata, digitis canaliculatis, 2 3-dentatis, digito mobili

78 [May,

valde uncinato. Pedes postici paulo nudi, articulis compressis, 3tio supra fere
acuto. Ha5. insulam "Raraka" Paumotensem. I/o?^^. carapacis 2^'''; lat.W",

AcT^oDES FABA. Carapax transversim ellipticus, valde convexus, non granu-
losus, antice bene areolatus, regione postica simplicissima, cum regione postero-
lateral! coalita, areola 2M fere bisecta, areolis 2L 3L coalitis, superficie areo-
larum plana; fronte inter-antennali fere recto, medio parce emarginato, margine
antero-laterali parce expanso, 5-angulato aut obsolete 5-dentato. Pedes antici
mediocres, carpo manuque subtiliter erosis et interdum areolatis, digitis inermi-
bus. Pedes 8 sequentes fere nudi, compressi, articulo 3tio supra paulo carinato,
articulis 4to 5toque paulo granulosis. Abdomen maris 5-articulatum,/e//ii?/
7-articulatum, nudum piaster marginem ciliatum. Hah. ad insulas "Cape
Verdes." hong, carapacis "iY" ; lat. b'" .

AcT^ODEs BELLUS. Carapax latior, antice bene arcuatus, non nitidus, laevis,
anlice et lateraliter subtilissime granulosus, antice areolatus, sulcis angustis,
areolis IM 2M conjunctis, 4L 5L 6L regioneqne postero-laterali totis con-
junctis ; fronte fere recto, emarginato ; margine antero-laterali crasso, 4-lobato,
lobis 3 posticis dentiformibus, obtusis. Pedes antici aequi, manu supra rotundata,
extus subtiliter granulosa, granulis partim seriatis, digitis canaliculatis, carpo
intus obtuso. Pedes 8 postici sat compressi, fere nudi. Hah. ad insulas Samo-
enses, quoque insulam " Wakes." Long, carapacis 3^; lat. 5^".

2. Carapax gramdatiLs aut tomentostcs.

AcT^ODEs AFFiMs. A. tovientoso areolis affinis, areola cardiaca fere bisecta.
Carapax paulo angustior, minutius granulosus, parce tomentosus. Margo antero-
lateralis 4-dentatus. Digiti manus spinulosi, spinulis majoribus quam in tomen-
^050 et paucioribus. Maxillipedes externi nudi, laeves. Abdomen sparsim pubes-
cens. Hah. ad insulas Tahitienses. Long, carapacis 5h"' ; lat. Ih'". Granulae
in dimidio utroque areolae cardiacae numero 40 ; sed tomentosi ferme 12.

AcTiEODES sPEciosus. Caiapax paulo angustior, undique granulosus, fere
nudus, pilis interstitialibus brevioribus quam granuli, antice bene areolatus,
sulcis perangustis, subtiliter tomentosis, areolis planis, areola 2M partim sub-
divisa, 3M tripartita, margine antero-laterali bene 4-lobato, postero-laterali con-
cavo, brevi. Pedes toti omnino granulosi et fere nudi, marginibus non ciliati,
manu carpoqile superficie irregulariter areolatis ; manu granulis seriatis extus
ornata, digitis perbrevibus, instar cochlearis male excavatis, digito mobili clauso
fere verticali, articulo 4to pedum 2di 3tii 4tique superficie tripartito.. Hab. ad
insulas Samoenses. Long, carapacis 3Y" lat. 5'".

AcTyEouEs CAViPES. Carapax latior, infra omnino villosus, supra fere nudus,
granulosus, omnino areolatus, sulcis nudis aut vix tomentosis, areolis minute
granulosis, valde convexis et paulo irregularibus, 2M subdivisa, 3M tripartita,
margine antero-laterali irregulariter 5-dentato. Pedes granulosi, antici subaequi,
manu carpoque partim granulosis et superficie cavernosis, manu extus seriato-
granulosa, subtiliter tomentosa, digitis male excavatis, scabris, striatis, partim
subtiliter tomentosis ; postici paulo hirsuti, articulis 4to 5toque supra valde
cristato, crista integra, lunulata, sublaterali, hac crista et margine pedis superno
cavitatem grandem includentibus. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses et Samoenses. Long.
carapacis 5"' J lat. TV".

AcT/EODEs spoNGiosus. Carapax postice vix areolatus, areola 2M subdivisa,
superficie, sulcis exceptis, breviter et rigide velutina, aspectu spongiosa ; margine
antero-laterali simplicissime 5-dentato, dentibus gracilibus, acutis. Pedes bre-
viter rigideque pubescentes, antici paulo armati. Hah. marl Suluensi. Long.
2Y"\ lat.3h"'.

Genus Chlorodius, Leach.

Subgenus Chlorodius.

Carapax transversus. Articulus antennarum externarum Imus fissuram orbitae
fere implens.

1852.] 79

1. Carapax antice posticeque areolatitSf areola 2M bipartita* Articulus picdum

posticorxtm 3tlus siipcnie spi/iiiloszcs.

CnnoRODius monticulosus. C ^uigulato affinis, areolis valde distinctis, mar-
gine antero-laterali 5-dentato, fronte inter-antennali 4-lobato, pedibus 8 posticis
pauIo pubescentibus et supra spinulosis. Areola 2M decomposita, 4L plus
minusve divisa. Pedes antici tuberculis parvulis subacutis armati, digito mobili
inermi. Segmentum abdominis maris penultimum parce oblongunn. Hah. ad
insulas Vitienses, Tahitienses, Samoenses, et in freto " Ralabac." 'Long, cara-
pacis S>"' \ lat. \W'. T. ungulati tuberculi manus obtusij areolaeque cartpacis
vix decompositae.

2. Carapax antice areolatus, postice planus aut imperfecte divisiis.^ areola IM. non
siihdivisa. Pedes antici inermes ; articulus pedum 8 imsticorum Stius supra non
spinulosiis.

Chlorodius NTJDiPES. Carapax non nitidus, antice bene areolatus, postice fere
planus, areola 2M non omnino divisa, 3L 4L sejunctis, IP 2P coalitis aut
vix sejunctis, fronte enaarginato, juxta antennas saliente, margine antero-laterali
10 11-denticulato, uno dente pone S. Pedes toti nudi; antici crassi, manu car-
poque supra subtiliter exesis, carpo spina brevi intus armato. Pedes 8 postici
sat breves, articulo 3tio dorsum non acuto. Hab. ad insulam "Mangsi," freti " Ba-
labac." Long, carapacis Ah'" 't lat. ly.

Chlorodius sanguineus, Edtvards. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses, Paumotenses,
Hawaienses. Margo antero-lateralis 7-dentatus, dente uno pone S.

Chlorodius exaratus, Edw. Hab. mare Pacifico. Margo antero-lateralis
5 6-dentatus, dente pone S carens. Hie pertinet Chloroditis Floridamcs^
Gibbes, (Proc. Amer. Assoc, iii. 175,) insula, " Key West" lectus.

Chlorodius gracilis. C sanguineo affinis. Carapax non nitidus, antice
areolatus, postice non areolatus, sulcis non profundis, areolis 2R 3R non dis-
cretis, margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus bene regularibus. Manus car-
pusque crassi, laeves, nee rugati nee exesi. Pedes 8 postici compressi, inermes,
pubescentes. iZai. ad insulam " Wakes." Z(0^. carapacis 5'" ; lat.lY".

Chlorodius nodosus. D. Etisus nodosus, J. W. Randall^ (Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad. viii. 111.) Sanguineo ferme affinis; sed pedes 8 postici fere nudi,
margine articuli 3tii antico omnino nudi ; tarsus superne nudus ; carapax super-
ficie punctatus ; et areola 2M depressione V-formi antice notata.

Chlorodius cavipes. Carapax non nitidus, latere rotundatus, superficie
antice areolatus, areolis partim granulosis et imbricato-granulosis ; fronte fere
recto, emarginato, margine antero-laterali crassiusculo, 8 9-dentato, dentibus
p, d, E, E', N (vel N, N',) T, S, s, totis parvulis, D vix saliente. Pedes antici
inccqui, valde granulosi et corrugati, manu infra breviter villosa et granulosa,
digito mobili canaliculato, supra denticulato: Pedes 8 postici paulo asperati,
articulo 3tio breviter pubescente, 4to bene bicristato, cristis tenuibus cavitatem
elongatam includentibus, 5to tarsoque omnino breviter hirsuto, tarso brevi. Hab.
1 Z<o?i^. carapacis 7'''; lat.\^\"'.

3. Carapax postice non areolatus antice vix areolatris^ fere planus aut paulo con-

vexics, 5L 6L nunquain circ2im,scriptis.

Chlorodius cytherea. C. nigra affinis. Carapax fere laevis, areolis media-
nis indistinctis, antero-lateralibus melioribus, angulatis, margine antero-laterali
5-dentato, dentibus N T subacutis, E S minoribus, T valde prominentiore quam
S ideoque carapacis latitudine T majore quam latitudo S. Pedes antici ac in
C. nigra, digitis nigris, fere contiguis. Pedes 8 postici inermes, margine pu-
bescentes. Hab. ad insulas Paumotenses, Tahitienses et Hawaienses. Long.
carapacis 31'"; lat. 5|'". C. 7iigro difTert, dente S multo minus prominentiore
quam dens T ; dente E distincto, dentibus quinque conspicuis ; areolis IL 3L 4L
plus angulatis et non laevibus, nee cum dentibus bene continuatis ac in nigra.

An. C. hirtipes, Adams et White, (Crust. Samarang p. 40. tab. 11, f.4,) C. nigro
differ t.

13

80 [May,

Chlorodius nebdlostjs. C.nigro affinis. Carapax laevis, antice obsolete areo-
latns, fronte parce emarginato, regione antero-laterali 4-dentato (D, N, T, S,)
dentibus tribus posticis acute spinilormibus. Pedes antici subaequi, sat breves,
brachio paululum saliente, carpo subtiliter granulate, intus acuto aut subacute,
manu compressa, laevi, digitis paulo canaliculatis. Pedes postici mediocres,
paulo pubescentes. Hab. mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis 2*2''' ; lot. '3'".

Chlorodius l^vissimtis. C nigro affinis. Carapax perlaevis, nee ad medium
nee versus latera areolatus, nnargine antero-laterali 4 5-dentato, dentibus N et
T paulo remotis, E sa?pe obsolete, S minore, T et S obtusis, carapacis latitudine
T majore qiiam latitude S. Pedes antici longi, pervalidi, laeves, digitis multp
hiantibus. Pedes 8 postici paulo pubescentes. Hah. ad insulas Hawaienses.

Subgenus Pilodius, Da7ia,

Pilnymio aspectvi fere similis ; pedibus antennisque Chlorodio affinis.' Arti-
culus antennaruna externarura Innus brevier, processum frontis eblongum attin-
gens ac in Xanthode. Articulus maxillipedis externi 3tius paulo transversus,
subrectangulatus. Chlorodiiis pilumnoides, White, hie pertinet.

Pilodius pubescens. P. filumnoidi similis. Carapax breviter pubescens,
antice leviter areolatus, margine antero-laterali simplicississime 5-dentato, den-
tibus tenuibus, acutis. Pedes antici validi, minute tuberculati et pubescentes,
digitis subspinulesis, brachio antice dentigere. Pedes 8 postici pilosi, articulo
3tie supra spinuloso. Hah. freto Balabac. Long, carapacis 3f"'; lat. 5y\

Pilodius nitidus. Carapax bene nitidus, antice optime areolatus, areolis pie-
risque superficie planis, IR 2R sulco discretis, areola IR 2 3ve tuberculis antice
ornata; margine antero-laterali bene 5-dentato, dentibus duebus posticis acutis.
Pedes antici spinis valde armati, digito mobili prope basin interdum spinuloso,
carpo duabus spinis tenuibus acutis intus armato. Pedes 8 postici pubescentes,
articulo 3tio supra armato. Hab. ad insulam " Tutuila " Samoensem. Long, cara-
pacis 3}''' ; lat.b'".

Pilodius pugil. P. nitido affinis. Carapax paulo nitidus, antice areolatus,
postice fere planus, areolis 5L 6L discretis, IL 2L 3L subconicis, IR 2R paulo
discretis; margine antero-laterali 4-dentate, dente E fere obsolete, dentibus tri-
bus posticis valde acutis. Pedes antici validi, manu carpoque bene tuberculatis,
tuberculis plerumque conicis, manus minoris spiniformibus, angulo carpi interne
duabus spinis tenuibus acutis armato, brachio apicem anticum spinoso. Pedes
postici pilosi, articulo 3tio supra armato. Hah. ad insulas Samoenses ; quoque
in freto " Balabac." Long, carapacis IV" \ lat. A.'". An \diX.77itidi.

Pilodius scabriculus. Carapax fronte latus, antice leviter areolatus, paulo
scabriculus, areolis IL 3L 4L subacutis et scabriculis, margine antero-laterali
fere longitudinali, 4-dentato (dente E fere obsolete), dentibus tribus (N T S)
acutis, spiniformibus. Pedes antici fere asqui, manu carpoque subtilissime tuber-
culatis, tuberculis partim seriatis, digitis canaliculatis, paulo scabriculis, articulo
3tio antice denticulate. Pedes postici sparsim pubescentes, articulo 3tio supra
minute spinuloso, tarse lengo. Hab. in freto " Balabac ;" quoque insula <' Ra-
raka" Paumotensi. Long, carapacis l-l'", et lat. 2-Q>"' ; alterius lojig, 21'", et
lat. 4.'".

Subgenus Cyclodius, Dana.

Chlorodio affinis, carapace angustiere, suborbiculate, articulo maxillipedis ex-
terni 3tio subtriangulato, paulo transverse, latere interne brevissime. Articulus
antennaruna externarum Imus orbitcB fissurann fere implens, ac in Chlorodio,
Pilodio dissimilis.

Cyclodius ornatus. Carapax nudus, parce nitidus, antice posticeque valde
areolatus, areolis saRpe compesitis, 2M subdivisa 3M tripartita; margine antero-
laterali 5-dentato, dentibus tumidis, apiculatis, dente E minore, rotundato, D ob-
tuse. Pedes spinulis armati, 8 posticis parce pubescentibus, manu seriatim
spinulosa, digitis spinulosis. Hah. mari Suluensi. Lo;^^^. carapacis 3V" ; lat A\"'.

Cyclodius gracilis. C. ornato aspectu areolisque similis. Parce latier, den-
tibus antero-lateralibus tribus posticis tenuioribus et bene acutis, areolis vix

1852.] 81

compositis, 2M subdivisa, 3M vix tripartita. Pedes armati, 8 posticis paulo
pubescentibus, manu seriatim spinulosa, digitis spinulosis. Hah. ad insulas
Samoenses. iowo^. carapacis 3'"; lat.A'".

Subfam. POLYDECTIN^.

Genus PoLYDECTUS, Eihcards.

PoLYDECTus viLLOsus. Caiapax pedcsquB densissime villosi, pilis plumiformi-
bus, fronte margineque antero-laterali integris. Digitus mobilis paris antici
duabus spinis elongalis remotis armaius, et alter spinis tribus. Antennae exter-
nae fronte vix lotigiores, flagello lO-articulato. Hab. ad insulam " Raraka "
Paumotensem. Long, carapacis 4'".

Fam. ERIPHID^.
Subfam. OZIN^.

Genus Galene^ De Haan.

Galene HAWAiENSis. G. nataUnsi ferme affinis. Pedes 8 postici sat graciles,
articulo Stio supra paulo pubescente, sequentibus pubescentibus. Margo antero-
laterali 4-dentato, dentibus 2 anticis obtusis, anteriore marginem paulo excavato.
Hah. ad insulas Hawaienses. Lo7ig. carapacis li'" \ lat. lO^'". An. varietas
/tutaleusis, Krauss (Crust. Siidaf. p. 31, tab. 1, f. 4.)

Genus Pseudozius, Dana.

Carapax plus minusve transversus, margine antero-laterali breviore quam pos-
tero-lateralis. Articulus antennarum externarum Imus angustus etbrevis, frontem
non attingens (eoque Menippi affinis.) Area praelabialis linea elevata utrinque
bene divisa (eoque Ozio affinis.) Digiti acuminati.

PsEUDoziiTs PLANUS. Carapax latus, laevis, fere planus, non areolatus, antice
prope marginem leviter impressus : fronte fere recto, paulo emarginato, margine
antero-laterali paulo acuto, fere integro, levissime 4-lobato, margine postero-
laterali paulo recto. Pedes antici paulo inaequi, Iseves et nudi,caipo non rugato,
manu supra rotundata, digitis sat longis, non canaliculatis, digito mobili prope
basin armato cum dente crasso obliquo. Pedes postici fere nudi, tarso hirsuto.
Hab. ad insulas Paumotenses ; quoque ad insulam *' Wakes." Lon^. carapacis
^5'"; lat. Q'".

Pseudozius inornatus. P. piano carapace affinis. Carapax paulo latior,
prope marginem anticum abruptius impressus, margine antero-laterali distinctius
4-lobato. Pedes antici inaequi, carpo leviter rugato. Pedes postici latiores, arti-
culo penultimo supra sparsim hirsuto, tarso hirsuto. Hab. ad insulas Hawaien-
ses. Long, carapacis feminae ovigerae ^V" \ lat. \\\"' .

Pseudozius dispar. Carapax angustus, lasvis, paulo nitidus, omnino usque ad
frontem nee areolatus nee inaequalis, fronte fere recto, leviter emarginato ;
margine antero-laterali levissime 3-dentato, dentibus non salientibus. Pedes an-
tici inaequi, major crassus, leevis, nudus, manu supra rotundata, manu minora
minute tuberculata,tuberculis partim paulo seriatis. Pedes postici fere nudi,
paucis pilis sparsis. Hah. in mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis feminae 3'3''^ ;
lat. ^"'.

Genus Pilumnus, Leach.

PiLUMXus GLOBosus. Carapax valde convexus, subglobosus ; parce trans-
versus, non areolatus, vix granulosus, breviter pubescens, fronte emarginato,
margine antero-laterali fere integro, dentibus minutis tribus vel quatuor granuli-
formibus, isolatis. Pedes antici crassi, inaequi, omnino hirsuti et minute tuber-
culati, tubercuiis nullis seriatis. Pedes 8 postici omnino hirsuti. Hah. ad
insulam " Tahiti ; " quoque insulas " VVaterland " et *' Raraka." Long, cara-
pacis ^h"'\ lat. ^\"'.

PiLUMNus LEViMANus. Carapax convexiusculus, non areolatus, antice vix
laevis, fronte emarginato ; margine antero-laterali 3-dentato angulo orbitae ex

82 [May,

terno vix prominente excluso, dentibus minutis, non acutis. Pedes antici valde
inaequi, carpo obsolete tuberculato, manu majore crassa, nuda, lawi, extus non
costata, minore hirsuta et nninute tuberculata. Pedes 8 postici partim hirsuti.
Hab. in freto Balabac. Long, carapacis maris 3'"; lat. 3-9"'.

PiLUMNUs L^vis. P. levimano affinis, latior. Carapax omnino laevis, nitidus,
non areolatus, convexiusculos ; fronts enaarginato ; nnargine antero-laterali 3-
dentato, dentibus minutis spiniformibus, posteriore minimo, angulo orbitae exter-
no non prominente. Pedes antici valde inaequi, carpo laevi, non obsolete tuber-
culato, rnanu majore omnino laevi, minore sparsim hirsuta, non tuberculata.
Pedes 8 postici tenues, paulo hirsuti. if^. in freto " Balabac." Lo??"-. cara-
pacis feminae 2-1'''; lat. 2-95'".

PiLUMNUs CALCuLOsus. Carapax convexiusculus, antice non areolatus, paulo
inaequalibus et pubescens, fronte emarginato, raargine antero-laterali perbrevi,
4-dentato, dente postico minimo, ceteris crassiusculis ; margine orbitali inferiore
3-dentato. Pedes antici subaequi, carpo tuberculis paucis grandibus elongatis
nudis complanatis armato et inter hos tuberculos hirsuto, manu supra quoque
armata. Pedes 8 postici hirsuti, articulis 4to Stoque supra gibbosis. Hab. ad
insulam Madeira (?) Long, carapacis 3k'" i la-t. 4i"'.

PiLUMNUs TENELLUS. Carapax pedesque toti subtilissime tomentosi. Carapax
convexiusculus non areolatus, fere quadratus, paulo transversus ; fronte emargi-
nato; margine antero-laterali perbrevi, 3-dentato, dentibus minutis spiniformi-
bus, posteriore minimo. Pedes antici non tuberculati, 8 postici longi et per-
tenues, filiformes, tarso subtilissime pubescente. Hab. mari Suluensi. Long.
carapacis 2-4'"; lat. 3'".

PiLUMNUs Mus. 'P. Ursula affinis, carapace pedibusque dense crasseque lanatis,
capillis longis tubulatis. Carapax parce granulatus. Frons fimbria longa orna-
tus. Margo antero-lateralis crasse tridentatus, dente altero brevi inter duos
anteriores infra insito. Pedes antici inaequi, manu minute tuberculata, tuber-
culis superficei externae seriatis. Hab. ad insulas Samoenses vel Tougenses.
Long, carapacis Hi'"; lat. 16"'.

Subfam. ACTUMNlNiE..

Genus Actumnus, Dana,

Carapax angustus, valde convexus, fronte et lateribus curvatim declivis. Area
praelabialis linea elevata longitudinali utrinque bene subdivisa. Articulus an-
tennarum externarum Imus processum frontis oblongum attingens tantum.
Digiti breves, instar cochlearis excavati.

AcTUMNus TOBiENTOsus. Carapax angustus, convexus, subglobosus, subtiliter
tomentosus, antice leviter partim areolatus, fronte emarginato; margine antero-
laterali leviter 4-lobato, margine postero-laterali concavo, laevi. Pedes antici
crassi, subaequi, subtilissime tomentosi, minute tuberculati, digitis brevibus,
dentibus eorum contiguis et non hiantibus. Pedes 8 postici aeque tomentosi, pos-
teriores paulo dorsales. Hab. ad insulam " Upolu " vel "Tahiti." Long.
carapacis 4'1'"; lat. 5'\."'.

AcTUMNus OBESus. Carapax maxime convexus, suborbicularis, antice leviter
areolatus, areolis planis, granulosis, 2M non subdivisa, granulis nudis, interstitiis
et sulcis subtilissime velutinis ; fronte paululo producto, emarginato ; margine
antero-laterali arcuato, fere integro, laevissime 4-lobato, lobis minute denticu-
latis ; margine postero-laterali valde concavo. Pedes antici crassi, manu acie
supra instructa, valde granulosa, granulis vix seriatis, superioribus paulo elon-
gatis et acutis, digito mobili spinuli-granulato, pollice perbrevi. Pedes 8 postici
valde compressi, minute velutini, marginibus hirsutis. Hab. prope insulam
*'Maui" Hawaiensem. Long, carapacis 6i'"; lat. SV".

Subfam. ERIPHIN^.

Genus Eripiiia.

Eriphia scabricula. Carapax partim scabriculus, areola 3M circumscripta,
2M 1M2F coalitis, non transversim rugatis, regione antero-laterali non areolata ;

1852.] 83

fronte integro, subtilissime denticulato ; margine orbitali, nee infra nee supra
spinuloso, (angulo orbitali excluso.) Pedes antici omnino scabriculi, manu car-
poque pubescentibus, dijiito mobili cum dente basali paulo grandi armato. Pedes
antici subtenues, paulo hirsuti. Hah. ad insulas Vitienses et Tahitienses, quoque
in mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis maris Qi'" \ lat. 10"'.

Eriphia armata. Mediocriter crassa. Carapax antice transversim paulo
rugatus, margine areolarum iM 2M et 5L per rugam granulosam conspicuis,
areola 2L 3L circumscripta, spinosa; fronte paulo deflexo, emarginato, denticu-
lato, denticulis parvulis conicis, regione orbitali interna, 1 2-spinosa, ejus mar-
gine externo 2 3-spinoso, margine superno subtiliter denticulato; margine
antero-laterali carapacis subacuto, 5-spinoso (spinis orbitae exclusis), spinis acutis.
Pedes antici spinulis valde armati et extus hirsuti, manu majore extus seriatim
spinulosa, infra Icevi, digito ejus mobili cum dente magno obliquo infra armato.
Pedes postici hirsuti. Hab. juxta portum "Rio Negro," Patagoniae Orientalis.
Long, carapacis dh'" \ lat. \Zl"'.

Genus Trapezia, [LatreiUe,) Dana.

1. Later a carapacis inernnia.

Trapezia speciosa. Frons fere integer, versus oculos et ad medium obsolete
emarginatus. Pedes antici subaequi, carpo supra obtuso, articulo 3tio apicem
internum acuto (rectangulato) et marginem internum denticulato, denticulis sub-
quadratis, minutis. Pedes 8 postici toti tenues, articulis 3tio et sequentibus per-
ansustis, subcylindricis. Hah. ad insulam " Carlshoff" Paumotensem. Long.
2j"'. Carapax carneus, lineis paucis rubris latissime areolatus.

Trapezia eella. Frons subinteger, obsolete sinuosus, crenaturis sex obso-
letis. Pedes antifti subaequi, nudi, carpo obtuso, articulo 3tio apicem internum
acuto (rectangulato), marginemqueregulariter serruiato, denticulatis triangulatis.
Pedes 8 postici graciles, articulis 3tio et sequentibus subcylindricis. Hah. ad
insulam " CarlshoiF." Lon^.2\"'. Carapax carneus rubro punctulatus. An
varietas speciosce ?

2. Later a carapacis dente armata.

Trapezia areolata. Frons sinuosus, angulo orbitae inferiore interno sub-
acuto. Pedes antici mediocres, margine articuli 3tii interno serrato, dente api-
cali curvato, carpo angulum internum acuto. Pedes 8 postici sat breves, sparsim
pubescentes, tarso paulo breviore quam articulus precedens. Carapax colore
brunneo late areolatus. Hah ad insulam ''Tahiti." io??^. carapacis 3h"' ; lat.
4'". T. dentata (M'Leay) affinis, an varietas alia. Forsan varietas T. ferru-
ginea.

G-enus Tetralia, Dana.

Trapezia affinis. Frons subtilissime denticulatus. Pedes antici breviores,
brachio apicem paulo exserto, pollice valde deflexo ; 8 postici extremitate
breviter unguiculati. Maxillipedes externi margine postico valde obliqui et
non transversi, apicibus internis articulorum 2dorum inter se paulo remotis.
Abdomen maris 7-articulatum. Trapezia differt, brachio longe exserto ; pedibus
8 posticis non unguiculatis ; maxillipedibus externis margine postico fere trans-
versis ; fronte leviter 6 8-lobato, non bene subtilissime denticulatis. Trapezia
glaberrima, Herbst, et digitalis Edw. verae Tetraliae sunt.

1. Latera carapacis inermia.

Tetralia nigrifrons. Frons subtiliter denticulatus parce sinuosus, medio
obsolete bilobatus. Pedes antici valde inaequi, carpo intus spini-acuto. Pedes
8 postici fere nudi, articulo 3tio paris postici latissimo, sesqui longiore quam
lato, fere triplo latiore quam articulus 5tus. Hah. ad insulam "Honden"
Paumotensem. Long. 2 d'". Carapax albus margine antico nigro. Pedes
fusci.

2. Carapacis latiis spina armatum.
Tetralia armata. Frons subtilissime denticulatus, non sinuosus. Pedes
antici inaequi, manu extus prope basin pubescente, carpo spinis duabus intus

81 [May,

armato, articulo 3tio prope apicem internum 4 denticulis tenuibus ornato. Pedes
postici mediocres, articulo 3tio paulo angusto. Hab. ad insulam " Tongatabu."
Long. 2'".

Genus Quadrella, Dana.

Carapax sat convexus, laevis, subquadratus, margine iateraliferelongitudinalis
fronte lato, horizontali, regulariter spinoso, oculis ad angulos insitis. Articulus ^
antennarum externarum Imus perbrevis, secundo non longior, frontem non
attingens, margine orbitae hiatu carenti exclusus. Pedes longi, posteriores
graciles, tarsis unguiculatis.

QuADRELLA COE.ONATA. Carapax laevis, lateribus paululum arcuatis et medio
uni-spinosis, dentibus frontis sex medianis paulo longioribus externis perbrevibus,
dente infra-orbitali elongato. Pedes antici elongati, manu angusta, triplo longiore
quam corporis dimidium, inermi, laevi, carpo intus 2-spinoso, brachio ad raarginem
anticum bene 7-spinoso. Pedes postici graciles, fere cylindrici, articulis sub-
tilissime pubescentibus, articulo 5to marginibus parce pubescenti, tarso infra
spinuloso. Hab. mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis et lat. 3h"\ Long, manus
5i'''; digiti mobilis 2i% brachii Si'''.

Earn. PORTUNIDiE.

Subfam. LUPINx^.

Grenus LuPA, Leach.
LuPA PUBESCENs. ^-Carapax valde convexus, angustior, subtiliter granulatus,
breviter hirsutus : fronte angusto, dentibus quatuor subsequis, parvulis, dente
praeorbitali prominentioribus, emarginatione mediana profundiore ; margine
antero-laterali 9-dentato, dente postico plus duplo longiore. Pedes antico
breviores, non crassiores, hirsuti, brachio antice trispinoso, et apice postico non
armato, manu superne trispinosa, costis valde prominentibus, digito mamis
majoris mobili cum dente crasso obliquo basali armato. Hab. ad insulam "Maui''
Hawaiensem. Long, carapacis 13'"; lat. dentibus lateralibus longis inclusis 20'".

Grenus Ampiiitrite, (i)e Haaii) Dana.

1. Dens lateralis non elongatus.

Amphitrite speciosa. Carapax areolatus, parce transversus, nudus, granu-
latus, fronte inter-antennali 5-dentato, dente mediano minutissimo, triangulate,
proximo non prominente, remotiore prominente, obtuso ; margine antero-laterali
paulo arcuato, 9-dentato, dentibus alternatim paulo minoribus. Pedes antici
sat validi, brachio postice 2-spinoso, antice 4 -spinoso, carpo 2-spinoso, manu
breviore quam latitudo carapacis, 2-spinosa spina anteriore brevissima et vix
conspicua. Areola carapacis cardiaca bipartita ; intestinalis grandis, tripartita,
parte mediana fere lineari. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses. Long, carapacis &'" ;
lat. IU"\

2. Dens lateralis valde elongatus .

Amphitrite longi-spi.nosa. Carapax areolatus, paulo transversus, spina
laterali diametro carapacis non duplo breviore, paulo reflexa, dentibus antero-
lateralibus numero quinque (angulo orbitre excluso), minutis,non contiguis, inter
se subaeque remotis, fronte inter-antennali 4-dentato, dentibus medianis minutis,
exterioribus prominenter triangulatis. Pedes antici mediocres, manu superne
3-spinosa, carpo 2-spinoso, brachio apice externo uni-spinoso, margine antico
3-spinoso. Hob. ad insulas Vitienses. Long, carapacis 3"'; lat. spinis longis
lateralibus inclusis ^\"' \ long, spinac longa2 \h"''

^Amphitrite vigilans. Carapax areolatus, paulo transversus, granulatus,
spina laterali fere triplo breviore quam latitudo carapacis, dentibus parvulis
antero-lateralibus numero sex (angulo orbitae excluso), quatuor posterioribus,
duobus anterioribus ; fronte 4-dentato, dentibus duobus medianis minutis,
exterioribus prominenter triangulatis. Pedes antici mediocres, manu superne
3-spinosa, carpo 2-spinoso, brachio apice externo uni-spinoso, margine antico

1852.J 85

4-spinoso. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses et Hawaienses. Long, carapacis 7"'; lat.
spinis longis lateralibus inclusis 14"'.

Genus Carupa, Dana.

Pedes antici sequentibus vix longiores, 2di 3tii 4tif,uo longi, gracillimi, tarso
valde tenui, 5ti bene natatorii, tarso elliptico. Articulus antennarum externa-
rum Imus cylindricus, sequent! similis. Carapax trausversus.

Carupa TENUiPES. Carapax tiansversus, non areolatus, laevis, granulatus,
nudus, fronte integro, medium paululo emarginato, margine antero-laterali
7-dentato, dentibus acutis, subcequis, dente 5to minimo ; margine orbitali inferiors
4-lobato. Pedes antici breves, manu non armata, brachio antice 3-spinoso,
spina mediana majore. Pedes sex proximi gracillimi, nudi, t^rso longissimo.
Pedes postici breviores, tarso oblongo, elliptico, apice breviteruni-spinoso. Hab.
in archipelago Paumotensi. Long, carapacis 2^" ; lat. Sj"'.

Genus Thalamtta, (^Latr.), DeEaan,

1. Frons suhinteger.

Thalamita Integra. Carapax convexior, glaber, nitidus, regione mediana
lineis elevatis non intersecta, fronte paulo arcuato, lobo praeorbitali longo et
marginem recto, et paululo elevato, margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus
acutis, 4to minuto. Articulus antennarum externarum Imus praelongus, crista
longa integra. Pedes antici breves, manu nitida, omnino laevi, extus non costata,
superne breviter 3-spinosa, spina una in margine superno ad medium insita,
secunda in linea parallela externa, tertia juxta basin. Hab. ad insulas Paumo-
tenses et Hawaienses.

2. Frons multilobatus.

Thalamita spinimana. Carapax valde transversus, regione mediana lineis
elevatis intersecta, margine antero-laterali aeque 5-dentato, dentibus longis,
acutis, curvatis, lobis frontalibus prominentibus, 2do latiore quam Stius, lobo
praeorbitali elongato et valde prominente. Articulus antennarum externarum
Imus prcelongus, crista irregulariter spinulosa. Pedes antici valde armati, carpo
6-spinoso, manu 7 9-spinosa (margine superno 4 5-spinoso) costis duabus
externis cum spinulis obsoletis seriatis instructis. Hab. archipelago Yitiensi.
Long, carapacis 19'"; lat. 27'".

Thalamita crassimana. Carapax valde transversus, laevis, nitidus, regione
mediana 2 lineis elevatis intersecta, fronte recto, lobis latis, perbrevibus,
truncatis, 2do latiore quam Stius, 3tio rotundato, lobo prsorbitali longo, paululo
prominente, margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus acutis, 3tio non breviore,
4to brevissimo. Articulus antennarum externarum Imus praelongus, crista
irregulariter divisa. Pedes antici crassi, manu paulo tumida, superne 5-spinosa,
(margine superno spinis duabus medianis armato et apice nulla), extus 2-cosTata,
superficie minute tuberculata, carpo 4-spinoso et minute tuberculato, brachio
margine antico 3-spinoso. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses. Long, carapacis 19'";
lat. 27'". Forsan T. prymna^ DeHaan, (Faun. Jap. tab. 12, f. 1); non T.
prymna, Herhst et Edw.

Genus Charybdis, DeHaan.

Charybdis orientalts. Carapax laevis, regione mediana 2 3 lineis elevatis
intersecta, fronte arcuato, dentibus valde obtusis, 3tio triangulate, margine
antero-laterali 6-dentato, dentibus acutis, 2do minimo, postremo non longiore.
Hab. ad insulam " Mindanao " Philippensem. Long, carapacis 151'"; lat. 22"'.

Charybdis affinis. C. crncifcrce affinis. Margo antero-lateralis 6-dpntatus
dente postremo duplo longiore, primo truncato et emarginato. Carapax
superficie subtiliter velutinus ; frontis dentes subtriansulati, vix acuti. Manus
supra 5-spinosa extus 3-costata ; brachium 3-spinosum, spina inferiore dimidio
breviore. Hah. prope portum M Singapore." Long, carapacis lU'"; lat. denti-
bus lateralibus inclusis 111'"'

>

86 I May,

Genus Lissocarcinus, White.
LissocARCiNus ORBICULARIS. Carapax paululo latiorquam longus,levissimus,
nitidus, fronte medio parce angulato, integro, margine antero-laterali tenui, paulo
reflexo, obsolete 5-lobato. Pedes antici perbreves, manu superne bicarinata,
carinis integris, digito mobili supra bene carinato. Pedes 8 poslici nudijarticulo
3tio superne obtuso, tarso pedis postici anguste subovato,apicem acutoetinflexo.
Ha3. ad insulas Vitienses. io^^^. carapacis 5'^' ; lat.^i'".

Fam. PLATYONYCHID^.
Genus Platyonychus, Latreille*

Platyonychus purpureus, B. bipzistulato affinis. Carapax paulo transversus
(latitudine quarta parte majore) ; margine antero-laterali breviore, crasse
5-dentato ; fronte 4-dentato, dentibus acutis, inter se non seque remotis, medianis
propioribus. Pedes antici fere aequi, carpo granulis minutis reticulato et scabri-
culo, intus elongate acuto, manu granulis asperata, inferne transversim pliculata.
Pedes postici marginibus dense ciliati, articulo 3tio superne nondenticulato, tarso
fere duplo longiore quam lato. Abdomen maris fere lineare, segmento penultimo
basin non latiore. Carapax purpureo punctatus, regiouis medianae parte poste-
riore valde purpureus et sublunatus. iZaS. juxta port um " Valparaiso." Long.
carapacis 2" 6"'; lat. 2" ^"\

II. CRUSTACEA CORYSTOIDEA.

Synopsis Generum Familiarumque Corystoideorum in Amer. Jour. Sci., Ser.
2da, V. xiii. p. 119, auctore edita, q. v.

Fam. TEICHOCERIDiE.

Trichocera oregonensis. Carapax transversus, convexus, gibbosus, granu-
losus, antice lateraliterquci bene arcuatus, angulo laterali vix instructus, margine
lateral! (postero-laterali incluso) 13-dentato, dentibus regularibus, brevibus ;
margine postero-laterali recto; fronte inter-antennali brevi, recto, medium non
emarginato. Pedes antici crassi, manu perbrevi, alta, superne minute tubercu-
lata, extus laevi et obsolete 5-costata. Pedes 8 postici pubescentes. Hab. freto
Pugettensi Americae occidentalis. Long, carapacis Sj'''; lat. W".

Fam. THIID^.
Genus Kraussia, Dana.

Kraussia rugulosa, Platyonychus rngulosics Krauss (Siidaf. Crust, p. 26,
tab. 1, f. 5) ad insulas Hawaienses lecta.

Fam. CORYSTID^.

Genus Telmessus, White.
Telmessus serratus. White, in freto Pugettensi Americae occidentalis lectus.

Genus Gomez A, Gray.

Gomeza serrata. Carapax subovatus, scaber, breviter hirsutus, rostro apicem
truncato, margine juxta apicem utrinque inciso, lateribus acute 5-serratis,
serratura 4ta. fere mediana, quoque subtilissime denticulatis. Pedes marginibus
pubescentes. Hab. mari prope Patagoniam orientalem. Long, carapacis li'".

1852.] 87

The Committee on the following paper by Mr. Charles Girard, of
Washington, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

A Revision of the North American Astaci, with observations on their habits and

geographical distribution.

By Charles Girard.

According to recent investigations,* the crawfishes or Astaci, have been dis-
tributed into several genera : thus, the genus Astamis proper includes all the
species of Europe and Asia, and two of Australia ; the genus Astacoides is com-
posed of two species one from Madagascar and another from Van Diemen's
Land ; the genus Chr,raps comprehends three species peculiar to New Holland ;
the genus Engceus embraces two species confined to Van Diemen's Land ; and
finally, the genus Camharus includes the American species: one from Chili,
another from Cuba, two from Mexico and six from the United States.

Investigations of a still more recent date,t the results of which have not yet
been given to the scientific world, refer to the genus Astacus a species from the
Columbia river, thus giving again that genus to North America.

At the request of Dr.Baird, we have examined critically the Astaci preserved at
the Smithsonian Institution, collected chiefly by himself. Our researches have
made us acquainted with several new species within the limits of the United
States, and which we now characterise briefly, deferring to another opportunity
ipore full descriptions, accompanied with necessary graphic illustrations.

First group. Rostrum subquadrangularly elongated, terminated anteriorly by
three conical and acute spines, the two lateral smaller than the middle one,
which forms the tip. Extremity of the anterior pair of abdominal legs (in the
male) straight and acute.

1. Ca:vibarl's PELLrciDus, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, i. 95.

Astacus pellucidus, Tellk. in Mull. Archiv, 1844, 383.
Locality. Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, (Tellkampf, &c.)

2. Cambarus affinis, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, i. 96.

Astacus affiiiis, Say, Journ.Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. i. 1817, 168 and 443.

Harl. Med. and Phys. Res. 1835, 230, fig. 2.
A. Barto7iii^ M. Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust, ii. 331.
A. limosns, Rafin. Amer. Month. Mag. ii. 1817, 42.
Localities. Schuylkill, at Reading (Baird), Delaware (Say and Rafinesque).

3. Ca-mbari's oreganus, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, i. 375.

Astacus uregajius, Rand. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. viii. 1, 1839,
138, PL vii.
Locality. Columbia River (Nuttall).

4. Cambarus Pealei, Girard. Diff'ers from C. affinis in having longer anten-
nae, and a broader area between the dorsal lines of suture of the carapace. The
lateral spine of the rostrum are also much less developed. The color is green-
ish brown above, with small green dots on the claws, and sometimes on the
cephalo-thorax. A green line or narrow band is observed along the outer edge
of the big claws, the tips of which, as well as the tips of the other legs, are
orange, preceded by a deep green, almost black circle or ring. On each articu-
lation of the tail there is a double, irregular and transverse blood-red band,
which extends to the lateral appendages of the caudal rings. Underneath, the
body is whitish and rusty.

Locality. Potomac, at Washington (D. C.)

Erichson (W. F.) Uebersicht der Gattung Astacus. Wieg?n. Archiv fiir
Naturgeschichte, 1846, i. 86.

t Proc. Acad. Nat Sc. Philad. vi. 1852, 20.

14

88 [May,

5. Cambarus RusTicus, Girard. Rostrum narrower than in both C affinis
and C. Pealei, and besides, concave on the sides. Terminal point shorter than
in either of the preceding species ; anterior pair of abdominal legs (in the male)
elongated, slender, with their tip curved inwards, whilst the same tips are
straight in C. affinis y and twisted in C. pelhicidus. The dorsal area is broader
than in C. Pealei.

'' Locality. The Ohio, at Cincinnati,

6. CAMBARrs pRopiNQUus, Girard. Closely allied to C. affinis, from which
it differs, as well as from C. Pealei, by a proportionally shorter rostrum, and
from C. rusticus by a much broader one. The area between the dorsal sutures
of the carapace is still broader than in either C. affinis, C. Pealei or C rusticus.
There are also differences in the structure of the anterior pair of abdominal legs
of the male. . "

Localities. Lake Ontario, four miles from the shores, opposite to Oswego,
found in the stomach of Lota maculosa; Garrison Creek, Sackett's Harbor;
Four-mile creek, Oswego (Baird).

7. Cambarus fossor, Girard. Astacus fossor, Rafin. Amer. Month. Mag. ii.
1817,42.

This species we have not seen, but if Rafinesque's description is correct,
" rostrum short, one toothed on each side, "^there can be no hesitation in referring
it to this group. He further states that its vulgar name is " burrowing lobster,"
and that " it burrows in meadows and mill-dams, which it perforates and da-
mages." This would indicate habits similar to a species of the second group,
which we*describe hereafter, under the name of C. diogenes. We cannot help,
however, from expressing some apprehension that on the examination of au-
thentic specimens from the same localities whence Rafinesque had obtained his,
the rostrum should be found without lateral tooth, in vv^hich case the C. fossor
might not differ from our C. diogenes.

Localities. Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York (Rafinesque.)

Second group. Rostrum generally broad, conical and short, with margins
entire and toothless, terminated anteriorly by an acute and comparatively short
point. Anterior pair of abdominal legs (in the male) recurved on their extremity,
the tip of which is rounded.

8. Cambarus Bartonii,, Erich. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, I, 97.

Astacais Bartoiiii, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 407. Latr. Gen. Cr. and Ins. v,
240. Bosc, Hist. Nat. Cr II, 62, pi. II, fig. 1. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
Philad. I, 1817, 167 and 443. Harl. Med and Phys. Res. 1835, 230, fisr. 3.
Gould, Rep. Inv. Mass. 1841, 330. De Kay, N. Y. Fauna VI, 1844, 22, pi.
viii. fig. 25.

Astacus ciliaris, Rafin. Amer. Month. Mag. II, 1817, 42.

Localities. Foxburg, Carlisle and Berwick (Pa.) ; New York (De Kay) ; Mas-
sachusetts (A. A. Gould). Brooks near Fishkill, Newburg, &c. (Rafinesque.)

9. Cambarus carolinus, Erich. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, I, 96.
Astacus affiuis, M. Edw. Hist. Nat. Cr. II, 332.
Localities, Carolina (Erichson); Anderson, S. C.

10. Cambarus montanus, Girard. Antennae more elongated and more fili-
form than in C Bartonii. Rostrum intermediate in shape between the latter
and C. carolinns, being proportionally longer than in C.Bartouii and shorter and
less tapering than in C. carolinus. Dorsal sutures of the carapace more apart
than in both of the latter species.

Localities. Within the Alleghany ranges in Virginia and Maryland: tributaries
of James river in llockbrid^^e Co. (Va.); Shenandoah river in Clarke Co. (Va.),
and Cumberland (Md.) of the hydrographical basin of the Potomac ; Sulphur
Spring, Greenbrier river, an affluent of Kenhawa river (Va.) of the Ohio basin.

11. Cambarus diorenes, Girard. Rostrum proportionally the most elongated
and the most conical amongst all the species of (his group. Dorsal lines of

1852.] 89

sutures of the carapace almost contiguous. Body uniform yellowish brown above
and below, greenish on the sides and on the claws, the tips of which are red.

This species, like C. fo.tsorj burrows in the meadows. Such places we have
visited in the neighborhoods of the city of Washington, in order to study its pe-
culiar habits. The holes, as they appear at the surface of the ground, are nearly
circular, from seven-tenths of an inch to one inch and one inch and a half in
diameter. The depth of the burrows varies according to the locations; this, we
generally found to be from sixteen inches to two feet, and sometimes to three
feet and more. The construction of the burrow itself is often exceedingly
simple : from the surface of the grouud the excavation exhibits a gradual slope, in
direction more or less undulating for a distance from five to ten inches, when it
becomes vertical for six or eight inches, and then terminates jn a sudden bottle-
shaped enlargement in which the animal is found. The bottom of the burrow
having no subterraneous communication, no other issue except towards the sur-
face ; it is entirely isolated from its neighbors, and leaves no chance for escape
to its inhabitant. The same burrow may have several external holes connected
with it, several inclined channels, which, however, meet at the depth where it
becomes vertical. We found constantly the cavity full of water, but this was in
March and April; the bottom, for several inches, was hlled with a soft and pulpy
mud.

There are other instances of burrows somewhat more complex. Their di-
rection may be oblique throughout their whole extent, and composed of a series
of chambers or ovoid enlargements succeeding each other at short intervals. Some-
times also, and connected with one of the chambers, a narrow and nearly vertical
tubuliform channel extends downwards to a much greater depth, and appears to
us as a retreat either during the cold winters or else during the dryness of the
summer, when water is low. That it is not for the mere purpose of escaping
pursuit, we infer from the fact that we repeatedly caught the animals in the
chambers above, where they remained quietly instead of attempting to disappear
into the apartments below.

We generally found a single individual in one burrow, it being either a male
or a female, the latter in March and April, carrying under the tail a bundle of her
eggs. Sometimes, when numerous individuals are gathered on a small space, it
may happen that the windings of the upper part of their burrows will accidentally
meet and have in this case a communication which was not contemplated. Each
individual, however, remains in its own apartment; so at least we constantly
found to be the case.

To accomplish the act of breeding, males and females must come together at
one particular time. In one of the burrows which we examined we found a male
and a female. We are inclined to believe that the male quits its retreat and
goes in search of the female, as one individual of the former sex was found,
at one time, walking over the surface of the ground.

In the spring, and we are told in the fall also, the burrowing crawfish builds
over the holes of its burrow a chimney of the maximum height of one loot, but
most generally lower. This chimney, circularly pyramidal in shape, is con-
structed of lumps of mud, varying in size, irregularly rolled up, and piled up,
one upon, each other, and intimately cemented together. Its exterior has a rough
and irregular appearance ; whilst the interior is smooth and as uniform as the
subterraneous channel, having the same diameter as the latter. The cementing
of the successive balls of mud is easily accounted for when we bear in mind that
the latter are brought up in a very soft state, and that their drainage and subse-
quent solidification on their exposure to the atmospheric air and rays of the sun,
is all that is required to unite these parts.

' The animal works during night. How the work is performed has not yet been
ascertained by actual observations. As to the question of the manner in which
the mud is modelled into rolls or balls, either the tail, or perhaps the big claws
might perform that part of the work. An observation made by John D. God-
man* leads us to suppose that the mud is brought up embraced between the chest
and the large claws. On an examination of these chimneys we detected the

Rambles of a Naturalist. Philadelphia, 1833, pp. 40, 41.

90 [May,

imprints of the second and third pair of claws, which indicate, evidently, that
the parcels of mud, once brought to the surface in the iTianner just stated, are ar-
ranijed and fixed in their definitive place by means of these organs.

When the work has thus been carried on towards completion, the last touch-
consists in shutting up the aperture. This is accomplished by means of several
balls of mud. brought up from underneath, deposited temporarily on the edge of
the chimney and drawn back in close contiguity, so as to intercept all commu-
nication with the external world.

The number of such chimneys is sometimes very great in one particular lo-
cality, distributed without any geometrical regularity, and recalling to mind the
scattered habitations or village of a newly settled colon}^.

Whether C diogenes is to be found in other places besides the meadows,
we are not prepared to state definitively. We have seen localities where the
holes could be traced from the edge of the rivulets to the middle of the
meadows, still, there being no subterraneous communication from one burrow to
the other, the animal, at any rate, would have to crawl out of the water and
walk over land. Colonies of burrowing crawfish are found, we are told, in the
interior of lands, far away from any rivulets or waters, a circumstance which
would lead to the supposition that these at least pass their entire life in such
localities instead of spending one season in the waters and another in dry lands.
For, one fact must be very apparent, the existence of several species of craw-
fishes with burrowing habits, even in the hypothesis of an identity between
C. fossor and C. diogenes. For we learn from Mr. T. R. Peale, of Washington,
that chimneys of mud, in all points similar to those just described, were ob-
served by him in New Grenada, along the Rio Magdalena, several hundred miles
from the sea shore, and consequently indicating the presence there of a species
of crawfish which we do not hesitate in pronouncing distinct from C. diogenes.

It remains now to ascertain how many such there are, and whether some of
them are not to be found both in the running waters of the rivulets and in the
meadows.

12. CAMBARTrs LONGULUS, Girard. Rostrum of the same proportional length
as in C. diogenes, but it is narrower and slightly concave on the sides. The
dorsal area between the sutures of the carapace is very broad, a character which
at once distinguishes it from the preceding species. From C. Bartonii it differs
by a much more elongated and narrower rostrum.

Locality. Uncertain; labels having been accidentally lost. Its range, however,
is within the middle States of the Union.

13. CambarT'S pusiLLTjs, Girard. Astacus picsilluSi'RKViti. Amer. Monthly
Mag. II, 1817, 42.

This species comes nearest to C.mo7ita7i?is, hut the antennae are still longer and
the rostrum more tapering, and terminated by a more elongated point. The
dorsal area between the sutures of the carapace is likewise narrower.

Localities. Lake Ontario, three miles from shore opposite Oswego, taken in
the stomach of Lota maculosa (Baird). Brooks near Saratoga, Lake George,
Lake Champlain, Utica, Oswego, (Rafinesque).

14. Cambartjs robttstus, Girard. Differs from C. Bartonii by stouter an-
tennae, composed of shorter articulations and by proportionally more elongated
and more conical rostrum and a more acute terminal point- From C.pnsilhis it
is distinguished by having shorter antennae, besides a difference in the shape of
the rostrum. The dorsal lines of suture of the carapace, on the other hand, do
not approximate as much as in C. diogenes., although nearer than in both C Bar-
tonii and C. pusillns. It differs from C. longalas by a broader rostrum and a
narrower dorsal area. The anterior pair of abdominal legs in the male, more-
over, is flattened and twisted.

Locality. Humber River, near Toronto (Canada).

15. Cambarus Gambelii, Girard.^-Antennae, about the length of the body,
from the tip of the rostrum to the origin of the tail. Rostrum proportionally
long and conical as in C. diogenes and C. longnlt/s, but is bordered on each side
with a row of minute and conical tubercles. Anterior claw very stout, bearing

1852.] 91r

tufts of fine hairs. Anterior pair of abdominal legs, elongated, resembling some-
what in shape those of C. rub-usttts, to which it bears a close relationship.

Locality. California. Collected by the lamented Dr. William Gambel, to
whose memory we inscribe the species. Specimens are deposited at the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

16. Cambarus NEBRASCENSis, Girard. Rostrum intermediate, in form be-
tween that of C robiistus and C. diogenes. Dorsal lines of suture of the cara-
pace in close contiguity. Large claw nearly conical, giving to the species a very
peculiar aspect.

Locality. Fort Pierre (Nebraska) ; collected in 1850 by Thaddeus Culbertson.

Third Group. Kosixuvcx very much elongated, conical, tapering, provided on
both sides and rather near the exlremiry with a small and acute spine, some-
limes, however, but very sliirhtly developed.

17. Cambarus Blandingii, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, I, 98.

Astacus Blandingii, Harl. Faun. Amer. & Trans. Philos.Soc. Philad. N. S.
Ill, 1830, 464; Med. & Phys. Res. 1S35, 229, fig. 1.

Localities. Marshes and rivulets of Southern States (Harlan) ; Summerville,
S. C. (Girard).

18. Ca:mbarus Clarkti, Girard. Antennae long and slender, nearly as long
as the body and tail. Rostrum tapering, but very gradually from its base to
the lateral spines, though the terminal point is more elongated than in C Blan-
dingii. Anterior pair of abdominal legs terminated by two nearly equal and
rounded tubercles.

Locality. Between San Antonio (Texas) andEl Paso del Norte ; collected by
John H. Clark, Esq., under Lieut. Col. J. D. Graham, late head of Scientific
Corps U. S. Boundary Commission.

19. Cambarus acutus, Girard. Rostrum proportionally shorter than in both
C. Blandingii and C acutissivnis ; very broad at its base, and tapering very
suddenly towards its extremity. The lateral spines of the rostrum are scarcely
to be seen in this species ; the tip is likewise very short although very acute.
The structure of the anterior pair of abdominal legs in the male, differs from
that of C. Blandingii and C. Clarkii, by the more slender shape of the termi-
nating tubercles. The antennae have nearly the same proportional length as in
C. Clarl'ii,

Locality. From an affluent of Mobile river in Kemper Co., Miss. ; specimens
received from D. C. Lloyd, Esq.

20. Cambarus AcuTissiML'S, Girard. Rostrum much more elongated than in
any of the species of the same group; very much tapering and very acute, with
slight indications of the lateral spines which are so well developed in C. Blan-
dingii. The anterior abdominal pair of legs is terminated by a slender and re-
curved tip.

Locality. Found with the preceding and sent by the same gentleman to Pro-
fessor Baird.

The Committee on Dr. Leeonte's Synopsis of the Anthicites of the
United States, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Synopsis of the Jnthicites of the United States.
By John L. LeConte, M. D.

Although it is but three years since M. de la Ferte Senectere published his
very beautiful and elaborate monograph of Anthicus, yet the species known to
inhabit our territory have almost doubled in number. Most of these have been
published by me already in the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of
New York, and in Prof. Agassiz's work on the Physical Character of Lake
Superior. The object I had in view in the beginning "of my study of this group,

92 [iMay,

was to make known several species of genera associated by Ferte with the
Anthicites, such as Stereopalpus and Eurygenius ; but after an attentive study
of these genera, I became convinced that they, as well as Macratria,* must be
removed from this group altogether. The two first must be placed among the
Pyrochroites, a synopsis of which will shortly appear. Having also increased
this family by one very distinct genus, I thought that it would be useful to bring
together the descriptions that are now scattered in several works, into the form
of a synopsis, so that the species being placed in a natural relation with each
other, the characters of each might become more obvious. It is remarkable
that of all the indigenous species, only one (Notoxus monodon) should be com-
mon to both sides of the continent. Anthicus floralis, found both here and in
Europe, is most probably introduced in articles of commerce. Ferte mentions
its occurrence also in California.

With regard to the affinities of this group I can say but little. Some authors
imagine that there exists a relation between them and the Scydmaeni, which,
however, appears rather a resemblance of form, for a certain manner of life,
than a true affinity ; for besides the differences in the palpi and insertion of the
antennae, the prosternum in Scydmaenus is entirely separated from the lateral
infiexed portions of the thorax, while in Anthicus it is all in one piece. The
true afl[inities appear to be with the Pyrochroites, from which they are dis-
tinguished only by the form of the parapleurae, which in Anthicus are triangular,
and in Pyrochroites parallel. Other differences are in the neck of Pyrochroites
being less narrow and not so distinctly separated as in Anthicus; in the antennae
being inserted in front of, and very close to the eyes, which are large and more
or less emarginate, extending far on the under surface of the head, and frequent-
ly almost uniting on the vertex.

The diagnosis of the present tribe will then be :

Coleopteraheteromera^ capite postice valde coarctatOj collo distinctissimo ; ocv-
lis integerrimisj lateralibus ; nnandihulis apice emarginatis ; ahdomine ft-articu'
lato, articulis liberis ; parapleitris triangularibic's ; coxis anticis contig%iis ;
tcnguihiLS simplicibus.

The native genera are thus related :

A. Antennae articulo llmo simplici.
Thorax cornutus ; tarsi articulo 4tf> bilobato . . . Notoxtjs.
Thorax simplex ; tarsi articulo 4to bilobato ;

antennae moniliatae, femora incrassata . . Tomoderus.
Antennae non moniliatae ; humeri indistincti . Formicomus.

humeri distincti . Anthicus.

B. Antennae articulo llmo elongato, quasi diviso.
Thorax simplex ; articulo tarsorum 4to simplici . . Tanartiirus.

Notoxus Geoffroy. ^

1. N. anchora, elongatus, testaceus, thorace globoso, cornu serrato, crista
sensim elevata, elytris valde punctatis, macula lateral!, fascia postica suturaque
nigris. Long. '\A.

Hentz Journ. Ac. Nat. Nat. Sc. 5, 375, pi. 13, fig. 4 : La Ferte, Anthic. 33.

Monocerus aiicliora "Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. New. Ser. 1, 89.

Lake Superior, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Ohio and Missouri Territory : the lateral
spot is sometimes wanting ; the horn is rounded at the apex and serrate, the crest
rises gradually, is margined on the sides but not at the apex. The male has the
apex of the elytra truncate.

2. N. conformis, elongatus, testaceo-fuscus, thorace globoso, cornu
elongato, crista subito paulo elevata, elytris parce punctatis, maculis utrinque 2
ante medium, fascia que postica nigris. Long. 13.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 152.

One specimen, found on the Gila. The thorax is globose, not transverse, the
horns margined, not serrate ; the crest is broad, rises suddenly but slightly, and

There is no reason why this genus should not be associated with Scraptia.

185:2.] 93

is strongly margined both on the sides and apex. The elytra are strongly but
not densely punctured ; the inner of the two spots is near the scutellum, the outer
one behind the humerus. The posterior band is oblique and sinuous.

3. N. cavicornis, minus elongatus, fusco testaceus, thorace rotiindato,
transverso, cornu elongate, apice concavo, crista subito valde elevata, elytris
punctatis, macula scutellari, lineolis anticis, fasciaque postica nigro-fuscis.
Long. "ll.

J^ec. An. Lye. 5, 152.

San Francisco, California : male with the apex of the elytra acute, obliquely
truncatp on the outer side. The thorax is one-half wider than long, the horn
broad not serrate, stronsly excavated at tip, crest broad, high, margined on the
sides and apex, which is rounded. Elytra distinctly, not densely punctured.

4. N. serratus, elongaf us, testaceus, thorace globoso, corna antice con-
cavo, serrato, crista subito valde elevata. elytris subtilius punctatis, macula scu-
tellari, lineolis anticis, fasciaque lata )X)stica infuscatis. Long. -17.

Mouocrns .serrat/ff Lee. Journ. Ac. Xat. Sc. New Ser. 1, 90.

Near the Rocky Mountains. One male specimen has the elytra immaculate,
with the apex slightly truncate. The horn is broader than usual, strongly serrate,
concave at the apex; the crest is high and rises very suddenly, is strongly mar-
gined, but scarcely rounded at the apex. The elytra are more finely punctured
than in the preceding species.

5. N. monodon, elongatus, testaceus, thorace globoso, subtransverso,
cornu antice concavo, serrato, crista sensim modice elevata, elytris minus subti-
iiter punctatis, macula scutellari fasciaque postica nigris. Long. 12.

Ferte Anthic. 37.

AnthicHs monodon Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 2S9 : Say, Am. Ent. 1, pi. 10.

Mouocerus monodon var. a. Lee. Journ. Ac Nat. Sc. New Ser. 1, 90.

Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Missouri Territory and California. The
horn is serrate, broad and concave at the apex; the crest is moderately broad,
rises gradually and is margined on the sides and tip, which is somewhat acute.
The elytra are strongly punctured, though less so than in N. anchora ; the scu-
tellar spot is sometimes wanting.

6. N. api calls, elongatus, testaceus, thorace globoso, cornu antice con-
cavo, lateribus serrato, crista subito valde elevata, elytris densius punctatis,
macula scutellari, fascia postica, apiceque nigris. Long. -15.

Monocerus monodon Lee. Journ. Ac. New Ser. i. 90.

Detroit, 3Iichigan. Easily distinguished from the preceding by the form of
the horn. Tte thorax is not at all transverse ; the horn is broad, concave at the
apex, serrate on the sides ; the crest rises very suddenly, and is margined at the
sides and apex, which is rounded. The elytra are tolerably densely punctured.

7. N. m ar ginat u s, valde elongatus, testaceus, thorace subgloboso, cornu
vix serrato, crista subito valde elevato, elytris suhtiliter punctulatis, gutta sub-
scutellari, linea submarginali, fascia tenui postica, apiceque nigris. Long. -16.

Detroit. Easily distinguished by its much narrower form. The thorax is
less narrowed behind than usual, and not at all transverse ; the horn is margined
and scarcely serrate ; the crest rises suddenly and is margined at the sides and
apex, which is rounded. The black marks of the elytra are very narrow; the
fascia is angulated at the suture, and does not reach the margin ; the submar-
ginal line extends from below the humerus to the apex.

8. N. sub til is, valde elongatus, fusco-testaceus, thorace globoso, subtrans-
verso, cornu serrato, crista subito valde elevata, elytris subtilissime punctulatis,
macula scutellari, fascia ad medium apiceque nigris, margine infuscato.
Long. '13.

Missouri Territory, one specimen. Differs from all the preceding species by
the fascia being at the middle of the elytra. The thorax is slightly transverse ;
the horn is concave at the apex, subserrale ; the crest rises abruptly and is
strongly margined and somewhat rounded at the apex.

94 [May,

Var. ? Entirely testaceous, with a marginal fuscous spot at the middle of each
elytron. I have only a single specimen of this, which is possibly a distinct
species ; it is less elongated, and the elytra are broadly truncate at the tip.

9. N. bifas ciat us, elongatus, fuscus, thorace globoso, cornu vix serrato,
crista subito elevata, elytris subtilissirae punctulatis, nigris, fasciis duabus
cinereis ornatis. Long. -13 '16.

Moiiocerus hifasciatus Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. New Ser. i. 89.

Western States and Upper Mississippi. The feet are either fuscous or ferru-
ginous ; the thorax is sometimes rufous ; the elytra are rounded at the tip in
both sexes ; the anterior fascia is broad and situated at the anferior fourth of the
length of the elytra, the second is narrow and placed one-third from the apex.

10. N. bicolor, elongatus, obscurus, pedibus thoraceque laete rufis, hoc
cornu serrato, crista lata sensim elevata, elytris opacis cinerascentibus, subti-
liter punctulatis. Long. -l.?.

Ferte Anthic. 53.

AntJdcus bicolor Say, Am. Ent. i. pi. 10.

Monoceriis bicolor Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. N. Ser. i. 90.

Common in the Middle and Southern States. The thorax is subglobose ; the
horn wider than usual, strongly serrate ; the crest is wide, rises gradually, and
is margined on the sides and apex, which is rounded.

Species unknown to me :

11. N. Pil at i, Ferte Anthic. 297. Texas.

12. N. plani CO r nis Ferte Anthic. 39, fig. 8. Very distinct by the absence
of the crest of the horn.

13. N. t alp a Ferte Anthic. 50.

14. N. elegantulus Ferte ibid. 52. These are both from California. They
appear to be allied to N. b if asc iatu s.

A ToMODERus Ferte.

This genus is distinguished by its submoniliform antennae, and clavate femora;
the fourth joint of the tarsi is bilobed as in Anthicus.

1. T. interrupt^us, parce pubescens, thorace medio valde constricto,
lobo anteriore latiore, transverso, elytris confuse punctatis, punctis pone medium
subtilioribus. Long. -11.

Ferte Anthic, 97.

Middle and Southern States, varies from black to brown; usually dark brown,
with the posterior part of the elytra black.

2. T. constrictus, parce pubescens, thorace medio valde constricto, lobo
anteriore latiore subtransverso, elytris antice seriatim grosse punctatis, pone
medium obsolete punctulatis. Long. '12.

Ferte, Anthic. 101.

Anthicus constrictus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 244.

Southern States; the obsolete punctures of the posterior part of the elytra is
the only character for separating this species from the preceding, in which the
punctures frequently show a tendency to form series. I am very doubtful
whether they should be considered distinct.

4 FoRMicoMtJs Ferte. )
\ Formicilla Lee. J

This group is only separated from genuine Anthicus by the oval, convex elytra
without distinct humeri, and by its more strongly clavate femora. J have placed
it in brackets to signify that 1 do not adopt the name.

1. A. s c i t u 1 u s , apterus, rufo-testaceus, nitidissimus, thorace elongate,

1852.] 95

postice constricto, elytris ovalibus, convexis, macula magna lateral i, fasciaque
anuusta postica nijjris. Long. -1.

Sea beach of Sullivan's Island, S. Carolina : June. Body bright reddish yellow,
very smooth and shining; head large slightly convex, rounded behind, marked
with a few distant punctures, and four or five erect black hairs ; front blackish :
antennae with the joints 2 6 slender, nearly equal, 7 11 gradually increasing in
size. Thorax as long as the head and one half narrower, transversely convex,
much narrowed and constricted just behind the middle, then widened a little to
the base, which on each siile has a wide shallow fovea. Elytra oval, gradually
dilated to the middle, where they are three times as wide as the thorax; apex
rounded: humeral angles obsolete, disc convex smooth, ornamented with a large
lateral blackish spot at the middle, and a narrow blackish band between that and
the apex; margin with a lew black bristles. Body beneath finely punctured,
and slightly pubescent, thighs slightly incrassated, tarsi slender, lobes of the 4th
joint very narrow, produced beneath ; posterior tibice slightly compressed and
bent.

I can find no sexual difference. This and the next species might more pro-
perly enter Ferte's 4th division of Anthicus, but both have the neck of the thorax
distinct, and this one is completely apterous. At any rate they show the necessity
of uniting the two genera.

2. A. mundus, alatus, rufo-testaceus nitidissimus, thorace elongate, pone
medium constricto, basi 3-punctato, elytris pone humeros impressis, rufis fascia
lata ad medium, maculaque maxima apicali nigris. Long. "09.

Formicilla mnnda Lee. An. Lye. 5, 152. Bright reddish yellow, very smooth
and shining, with a few black setae ; antennas, head and thorax as in the last,
except that the latter is less convex on the disc, and has three points at the
middle of the base. Elytra much less convex, slightly dilated as far as the
middle, rounded at the apex ; humeri distinct obtuse : disc obsoletely and
sparsely punctured before the middle, post humeral impression large and distinct:
ornamented with a very broad black fascia at the middle, and a very large
common black spot, which extends nearly to the apex, leaving only a narrow
yellow fascia between it and the band just described, and a narrow lateral and
apical margin yellow. Body beneath ferruginous, finely punctured and pubescent.
Thighs moderately incrassated.

I found only two specimens of this insect, on the lower part of the Colorado
River. It agrees so closely in general characters with the preceding species,
that it would be unnatural to separate it as a distinct genus. I am, therefore,
led to believe that the filiform tarsi, ascribed by me to this insect, must be an
error of observation, depending on the condition of the specimens, which unfor-
tunately became mouldy at Panama. All my attempts to cleanse the tarsi have
heretofore proved useless ; and I may add, that in A. scitulus, the lobes of the
fourth tarsal joint are so delicate, that the slightest dirt is sufficient to render
them invisible.

Anthicus PaykuU.

Although the arrangement followed by Ferte may be the most convenient in
working with species from every part of the world, yet it has appeared to me
to be capable of some improvement, when used in the study of our native
species. I have therefore attempted to separate them into homogeneous groups,
so that the diagnoses of the species may thereby be shortened, and the labor of
identifying species diminished. The following table seems to answer the pur-
pose without any great violation of affinity.

A. Caput non granulatum, tibiae calcaribus fere obsoletis. Thorax basi
marginatus.

a. Capite rotundato, occipite non impresso, palpis articulo ultimo maximo,
thorace postice constricto, elytris basi impressis. Sp. 1 3.

15

96 [May,

b. Capite rotundato, occipite breviter impresso, thorace postice constricto,
elytris basi impressis. Sp. 4 6.

c. Capite rotundato, occipite non impresso, thorace postice rrodice constricto,
elytris non impressis : corpus minus pubescens. Sp. 7 9.

d. Capite subquadrato, thorace elongate, trapezoideo ; corpus vix pubescens.

Sp. 1013.

e. Capite subquadrato, thorace plus minusve trapezoideo, elytris non impres-
sis ; corpus longius pubescens.

1. Capite postice rotundato, thorace subcampanulato ; antennis tenuibus.

Sp. 1418.

2. Capite postice truncate, pone oculos non angustato, oculis prominulis.

Sp. 1936.

3. Capite postice truncate, pone oculos non angustato, oculis parvis ;
elytris lateribus retundatis, humeris fere nullis. Sp. 37.

B. Caput non granulatum ; tibiae calcaribus obsoletis ; thorax basi non
marginatus. Sp. 38.

C. Caput triangulare, granulatum; tibiae calcaribus valde distinctis :
thorax ovatus basi marginatus. Sp. 39 40.

1. A. obscurus, niger nitidus subtiliter pubescens, capite impunctato,
thorace postice constricto, basi cylindrico, elytris parcius punctulatis, versus
basin vix cinerascentibus, antennarum basipicea. Long. '12.

Ferte, Anthic. 116.

Coney Island, near New York. July, in salt marsh. The elytra are less
impressed behind the base than in the following. The posterior tibiae of the
male are not dilated, or bent.

2. A. nitidulus, niger nitidus, subtiliter pubescens, capite parce punc-
tate, thorace postice constricto, basi cylindrico, elytris parce punctulatis, basi
vix cinerascentibus, antennarum basi picea. Long. '12.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 153.

Two specimens, San Jose, California. Exactly similar in size and form to
the preceding, but differs by the head being punctured, and the elytra more
deeply impressed towards the base.

3. A. elegans, rufo-piceus, subtiliter pubescens, capite vix punctato, thorace
postice constricto, basi cylindrico, elytris punctulatis, nigris, basi indeterminate
rufis, et cinerascentibus. Long. "12.

Ferte, Anthic. 117.

Georgia and Missouri Territory. I have always considered this species
as A. cinctus Say, but, after renewed investigation, feel inclined to
adopt Ferte's conclusion, that Say's species is more allied to A. formicarius.
The expression " elytra hirsute " will by no means apply to the present species,
nor is there ever a cinereous spot at the tip of the elytra. The male has the
posterior tibiae dilated and sinuated internally.

4. A. tenuis, niger opacus, tenuiter pubescens, capite dense punctulato,
occipite breviter canaliculate, thorace postice constricto, basi cylindrico, elytris
vix impressis subtilissime punctulatis, fascia ante medium angusta albida,
antennis palpis pedibusque testacis. Long. -12.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 153.

Colorado River, California. Approaches very close to the preceding species
in form, but the last joint of the palpi is longer than wide. The anterior part of
the thorax is less globose than in A. formicarius, with which, however, it agrees
so closely in the form of the body and structure of the palpi, that it would be

1852.] 97

quite unnatural to separate them. The elytra of the male are truncate at apex,
so that the pygidium is visible.

5. A. formicarius, nigro-piceus, nitidus, parce griseo-setosus, capite
punctis paucis impresso, occipite brevissime canaliculato, thorace postice valde
constricto, dein subampliato et punctato, elytris grosse parce punctatis, basi
indeterminate rufis, impressis, et anguste flavo-fasciatis. Long. -H.

Ferte, Anthic. 185.

New York and Massachusetts, usually in salt marshes. The anterior part of
the thorax is convex, and sparsely punctured ; the posterior lobe is a little
widened towards the base, and is tolerably densely punctured. The base of the
antennae and tarsi are testaceous. The punctures of the elytra become small
behind the middle. The male has the pygidium prominent.

6. A. cinctus, rufus nitidus, parce griseo-setosus, thorace postice valde
constricto, dein subampliato, et granulato, elytris parce grosse punctatis, nigris
basi rufis, fascia pone basin apiceque flavis. Long. "15.

Say, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. 3, 278 ; Ferte, 274.

Illinois ; Mr. Willcox. This species is very closely allied to the preceding,
but differs in color, and in the sculpture of the posterior lobe of the thorax,
which, instead of being punctured, is densely and finely granulate. The punc-
tures of the front part of the elytra are also more numerous. The head is
marked with a few punctures, and the occiput with a very short impressed line,
just as in the last species. The pygidium of the male projects.

7. A. a n n e c t e n s , nigro-piceus, nitidus, parce pubescens, capite thoraceque
vix subtiliter punctulatis, hoc postice constricto, ad basin subtiliter bitubercu-
lato, elytris minus subtiliter punctatis, tibiis testaceis. Long. !.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 153.

One specimen, from the sea-shore at San Diego, California. The thorax is
longer than wide, much rounded on the sides before the middle, then narrowed,
and slightly constricted before the base, which is cylindrical, very finely punc-
tured, and distinctly bituberculate. The punctures of the elytra grow small
behind the middle.

8. A. californicus, rufo-piceus, nitidus, parce pubescens, capite tho-
raceque punctulatis, hoc postice constricto, vix bituberculato, elytris mirms dense
punctatis, macula ad medium apiceque nigro-piceis. Long. !.

Ferte, Anthic. 128.

Abundant at San Diego, California, on the sea-shore, and in the marshes.
The thorax is more obliquely rounded on the sides before the middle than in the
last species ; the tubercles of the base are scarcely visible. The punctures of
the head and thorax are very distinct, and those of the latter become very dense
towards the base.

This species varies very much in color. The spots are usually quite unde-
fined. I have a specimen with pale yellowish elytra, and the spots very well
defined ; the anterior one is placed near the middle, is very large, and extends
nearly to the suture. Others occur which are entirely black. The male has
the abdomen subtruncate at the apex.

9. A. reiectus, rufo-piceus, nitidus, parce pubescens, capite thoraceque
punctulatis, hoc postice angustato, subconstricto, elytris depressiusculis, sat
dense punctatis, ad basin medium et apicem infuscatis. Long. -1.

New York and ^Missouri Territory, in salt marshes. Rufo-piceous, shining,
sparsely pubescent. Head rounded prominent behind, finely not densely punc-
tured. Thorax longer than wide, moderately convex, not densely punctured,
rounded on the sides anteriorly, obliquely narrowed nearly to the base, where it
is slightly constricted, cylindrical portion of the base shorter than in the pre-
ceding, densely punctured, with two very obsolete tubercles. Elytra somewhat
flattened, twice as wide as the base of the thorax, humeri prominent, sides
slightly widened to the middle : strongly moderately densely punctured, punc-

98 (May,

tures smaller towards the apex ; base, middle, and apex darker. Varies with the
elytra piceous black, at base piceous. The male has the abdomen truncate
at tip.

10. A. floral is, piceus nitidus vix subtilissime piibescens, subtiliter
puncfatus, occipite impresso, thorace, elytrorum basi, antennis pedibiisque
rufescentibus. Long. '15.

Payk. Faun. Suec. 1, 256; Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 291 ; Ferte, 150.

Var. A. hasillaris Say, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. 3, 279.

Found in every part of the United States. For the synonyms see Ferte's
Monograph. As they do not relate to the occurrence of the insect on this con-
tinent, they are here entirely out of place. From the other almost glabrous
species found here, this is immediately distinguished by its impressed vertex.
The thorax most commonly has two prominences anteriorly, separated by an
impressed line.

The variety without these protuberances has a more distinct posthumeral
impression on the elytra, and is evidently A. basillaris Say.

11. A. vicinus, elongatus, rufus, nitidus, fere glaber, capite thoraceque
parce punctato, hoc elongato, postice angustato, elytris basi medio et apice late
nigris, sat grosse punctatis. Long. -l.

Ferte, Anthic. 157.

Common in the xMiddle and Southern States. This species varies in color
exceedingly. The diagnosis is from the light colored variety. The basal dark
spot of the elytra is sometimes wanting ; sometimes the head is fuscous ; some-
times the whole insect, excepting the base of the antennae and the tarsi, is
black. Ferte describes the head as impunctured, but I have never met with
any on the head of which a few points could not be discovered.

12. A. t h o r a c i c u s , elongatus, niger nitidus, fere glaber, capite thoraceque
parce punctatis, hoc rufo, elongato postice angustato, elytris sat grosse punctatis,
pedibus rufis. Long. !.

Ferte, Anthic. 158.

Georgia, rare. The co-existence of bright red thorax and legs, with black
immaculate elytra, is the only character to separate this species from the pre-
ceding, with which it accurately agrees in the form of every part of the body.
In one of my specimens there is a faint piceous band behind the middle of the
elytra, which would seem to be the last trace of the spots which exist in A.
vicinus. It would therefore seem safer to consider it as a variety of the pre-
ceding.

13. A. c o n f i n i s , elongatus, niger, nitidus, fere glaber, capite parce punc-
tulato, thorace parce punctato, elongato, postice subangustato, elytris densius
punctatis. Long. !,

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 153.

One specimen, from the sea-shore at San Diego, California. This species is
closely allied to the preceding, but differs in having the thorax less narrowed
behind, and the elytra more densely punctured.

14. A. horr idus , elongatus, testaceus, pilis longis erectis hispidus, capite
postice rotundato thoraceque grosse punctatis, hoc longiusculo subcampanulato,
elytris grosse punctatis, fascia obscura pone medium ornatis. Long. 'll.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 154.

One specimen, from the Gila River. The head has a small smooth longitudi-
nal line.

15. A. cribratus, elongatus, flavo-testaceus, longius pubescens, capite
postice rotundato thoraceque confertim punctatis, hoc longiusculo, obsolete
campanulato, postice vix angustato, elytris grosse punctatis, fascia pone medium
angusta nigra ornatis. Long. !].

1852.] 99

One specimen, St. Isabel, California. The head has an obsolete smooth
frontal line ; the apex of the elytra is fuscous.

16. A. difficilis, elongatus, testaceus, albido-pubescens, capite postice
rotundato, disperse punctate, medio la-vi, thorace subcampanulato, latitudine
non longiore, confertim punctato, elytris grosse dense punctatis, fascia lata ad
medium infuscata. Long. '12.

Lee. Agass. Lake Superior, 230.

Lake Superior, abundant. The frontal smooth line is broad ; varies with the
elytral band obsolete.

17. A. CO nf us us, elongatus, testaceus, albido pubescens, capite grosse
punctato, postice rotundato, medio laevi, thorace vix campanulato, lateribus
postice oblique angustato, dense punctato, elytris grosse punctatis, fascia
obscura ad medium ornatis. Long, -IQ.

New York; Louisiana, Mr. Wapler ; Southern Illinois, Haldeman. This species
is extremely similar to the preceding, but the head is more coarsely punctured ;
the sides of the thorax behind the middle are oblique, not parallel.

18. A. luteolus, elongatus, flavo-testaceus, albido pubescens, capite postice
rotundato, thoraceque confertim punctatis, hoc ovato, postice angustato,
latitudine vix longiore, elytris confertim sat grosse punctatis. Long. '12.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 151.
- Vallecitas, California. This species resembles the last very much, but the
thorax is not at all campanulate, the punctures on the head are denser, and the
only smooth part is on the vertex. A variety has a broad fuscous fascia at the
middle of the elytra.

19. A. scabriceps, elongatus, nigro-piceus, densius pubescens, capite
postice truncato, thoraceque confertissime rugose punctatis, hoc subcampanu-
lato, elytris grosse minus dense punctatis, apice rufescente. Long. ].

Lee. Agassiz Lake Superior, 230.

Very abundant on Lake Superior. Varies very much in color. The principal
varieties are : a., black, base of the elytra piceous : Q>. head and thorax
fuscous, antennas, legs and elytra testaceous, the latter with a broad black fascia
at the middle ; y. entirely testaceous, fascia of the elytra obsolete. The head
has a slight impression on the middle of the occiput, the frontal line is scarcely
visible.

20. A. ephippium, subelongatus, testaceus, pubescens, capite postice fere
truncato, scabro-punctato, medio la?vi, thorace vix campanulato, confertissime
punctato, elytris grosse minus dense punctatis, fascia ad medium picea ornatis.
Long. !.

Ferte, Anthic. 16S:

New York. Very similar to the last, but is less elongate, and the head is
less rugous, with a broad frontal smooth line. I am somewhat in doubt if this
really is Ferte's species, as he makes no mention of the smooth frontal space.
It is, however, compared with the A. sellatus, in which this line is very
distinct, so that the probability is that it also existed in his A. ephippium.

21. A. flavicans, testaceo-flavus, pubescens, capite postice subtruncato,
confertim punctato, medio laevi, thorace longiusculo, ovato, postice subangustato,
confertissime punctato, opaco, elytris sat dense grosse punctatis. Long. '12.

Elongate, testaceous yellow, head and thorax a little darker. Head almost
truncate behind, not narrowed behind the eyes, which are large and prominent ;
densely punctured, frontal line smooth, broad. Antennae slender, very slightly
thickened externally. Thorax a little longer than wide, moderately convex,
rounded anteriorly, obliquely slightly narrowed to the base, which is strongly
margined ; neck very distinct, as in the other species of this group. E!ytra
one half wider than the thorax, elongate, humeri oblique, rounded ; disc ante-

lOO [May,

riorly slightly flattened, punctures large, moderately dense, becoming small
posteriorly. One specimen, from Missouri Territory.

22. A. r u f u 1 u s , elongatus saturate rufus, nitidus parce pubescens, parce
hispidus, capite postice truncate, minus dense punctato medio lagvi, thoi'ace
elongato, postice sub-angustato, subtilius punctato, elytris minus subtiliter punc-
tatis. Long. -1.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 155.

One specimen, San Diego. Has very much the form of A. vicinus. The head
is tolerably strongly punctured, with a narrow smooth frontal line. The
antennae are less slender than in the other species of this group, and the eyes,
though not small, are less prominent.

23. A. cervinus, testaceus, elongatus, subtilius pubescens, capite fusco,
postice subtruncato, punctato, medio laevi; thorace longiusculo ovato, punctulato,
elytris densius punctatis, pone medium nigricantibus, gutta utrinque postica
apiceque flavis. Long. !.

Ferte, Anthic. 181.

A. bifasciatusW^dcy , Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 245 ; Hald. Proc. Ac. 1, 304.

A. terntinalis Lee. Agass. Lake Superior, 230.

A. hizonatus Ferte, Anthic. 274.

Found everyplace, from Lake Superior to Georgia, and from New York to
Nebraska- A very variable species; the most common form is that above
described ; there are others fuscous, legs and antennae testaceous, elytra black,
with a basal spot, and one behind the middle testaceous ; others, again, are
entirely yellow-testaceous.

Some of these varieties come very near to A. Haldemani, but are immediately
distinguished by the occiput not being channeled.

24. A. punctulatus, elongatus, niger nitidus, cinereo-pubescens, capite
postice subtruncato, thoraceque confertim subtilius punctatis, hoc longiusculo,
postice subangustato, elytris minus convexis, dense punctatis. Long. !.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 155.

San Jose and San Diego. The frontal line is narrow and slightly elevated.
The eyes are smaller than in the preceding, but are moderately prominent.

25. A. H a Id e m a n i, ater,subnitidus, breviter pubescens, confertim punctatus,
capite postice truncato, occipite impresso, thorace longiusculo ovato, elytris
maculis utrinque duabus magnis flavis, antennis pedibusque testaceis.
Long. '11.

A. quadngnttatus\^z\di. Pr. Ac. 2, 304.

Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Varies with the anterior spot diffuse so as
to cover nearly the anterior half of the elytra, and the posterior spots coalescing:
so that the elytra become yellow, with the suture, a transverse band at the mid-
dle, and the apex fuscous. The thighs are sometimes fuscous. The frontal line
is narrow and indistinct, and the points on the head are not very dense. Those
of the elytra are a little larger and very dense. The thorax becomes very
slightly cylindrical at base. It seems to resemble very much A. 4-maculatus
(Ferte 203) from Europe, but the pubescence is distinct, and equally distributed
over every part of the body.

26. A. quadrilunatus, ater subnitidus, breviter pubescens, confertim
punctatus, capite postice truncato, occipite vix impresso, thorace ovato, convexo,
elytris maculis utrinque duabus, tibiis, tarsis, antennarumque basi ferrugineis.
Long. '12.

? Ferte, Anthic. 201.

One specimen, New Mexico, Fendler. Very close to A. Haldemani ; the
head is a little more square behind, and there is scarcely a trace of an occipital
impression. The thorax is more convex in front, though scarcely enough so to
be described as round, and T have therefore doubts about it being identical with
the California species described by Ferte.

1852.] 101

27. A. biguttulus, magis elongatus, ater subnitidus, tenuifer pubescens,
confertim punctatus, capite postice subtruncato, thorace longiusculo, ovato,
elytris macula pone medium rotundata ferruginea. Long. '15.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 255.

One specimen, San Francisco. A fine species, differing from the two pre-
ceding by having the head less truncate behind, and the occiput not impressed;
frontal Ime none. The pubescence, though fine, is longer than in the preceding,
and the thorax is extremely densely punctured. The punctures of the elytra
are larger and not so dense.

28. A. n i g r i t u 1 u s , elongatus, niger, nitidus, tenuiter longius pubescens,
capite parce punctulato, basi subtruncato, thorace elongato, postice subangus-
tato, punctulato, elytris depressiusculis minus subtiliter punctatis, omoplatis
prominulis. Long. -08.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 154.

San Francisco, California. The form of the body is altogether that of A.
V i c i n u s , but the pubescence has caused me to separate it from that group.
The antennas are much thicker than in the preceding species, and the eyes are
smaller, in both of which respects it agrees with A. vicinus.

29. A. obscurellus, elongatus, fuscus, dense pubescens, capite punctu-
lato basi truncato, linea frontali laevi tenui, thorace longiusculo, ovato, confertim
punctulato, elytris elongato-ellipticis, punctatis, pone medium infuscatis.
Long. -OS.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 155.

San Jose, California, abundant. A small elongate species, with the humeral
angles of the elytra more rounded than usual. The elytra are transversely
moderately convex, and a little flattened towards the base. The eyes are small,
and the antennae tolerably thick.

30. A latebrans, sub-elongatus, flavo-testaceus, parce pubescens, capite
punctato, basi truncato, occipite breviter impresso, linea frontali tenui laevi,
thorace confertim punctulato, vix cordato, elytris basi emarginatis, punctatis,
pone medium vix infuscatis, humeris valde rotundatis. Long. '08.

One specimen, New York. Similar to the preceding, but less elongate. The
thorax is narrowed and very slightly cylindrical at base, which causes it to appear
somewhat cordate. The elytra are a little flattened at base ; the rounding of
the humeral angles gives them a more convex lateral outline than usual.

31. A. spretus, fuscus, longiuseulus, pubescens, capite punctato, basi
truncato, linea frontali integra laevi, thorace confertim punctulato, trapezoideo,
elytris basi emarginatis, punctatis, humeris rotundatis, elytrorum basi, antennis,
pedibusque testaceis. Long. '08.

New York and Boston. A pale variety found on the Upper Mississippi. This
species very nearly resembles the last, and when pale colored, can only be dis-
tinguished by the want of the occipital channel ; the thorax is not longer than
wide, and not at all cylindrical at the base. The elytra are a little longer and
more parallel.

32. A. nanus, fuscus, elongatus. dense pubescens, capite punctato, postice
truncato, medio laevi, thorace rufo confertim punctulato, trapezoideo, postice
subangustato, elytris confertim punctatis apice testaceis, basi rufis truncatis,
humeris rotundatis, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. -09 -08.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 156.

San Diego, California. Varies in color to pale yellow, without any fuscous
marks. It is very closely allied to the preceding, but the punctures of the head
are larger; the elytra not so coarsely but more densely punctured, and the
humeral angles are less rounded.

33. A. b e 1 1 u 1 u s , rufo-testaeeus, subelongatus, pubescens, capite confertim
punctato, linea frontali vix distincta, postice truncato, thorace trapezoideo,

102 [May,

postice angustato, punctulato, elytris basi truncatis) dense punctatis, fascia ad
medium apiceque nigris. Long. -07.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 156.

A very pretty little species found at San Diego, on the sea shore, and nearly
related to the preceding four species ; the head is densely and more finely
punctured, the frontal line very fine. The thorax is scarcely as wide as long,
slightly narrowed behind ; the basal margin is indistinct. The elytra are convex,
truncate at the base, with the humeral angles moderately rounded. The punc-
tures are denser and a little finer than in A. nanus.

34. A. pubescens, nigro-fuscus, pul)e cinerea suberecta hispidus, capite
postice truncato, thoraceque subtiliter punctatis, hoc quadrato, postice vix
angustato, elytris parallelis convexis grosse punctatis, basi truncatis. Long. 12.

Ferte, Anthic. 177.

One specimen, New York. This species and the two following differ from
all the preceding, in the form of the elytra, which are convex, truncate at base,
and with the sides straight as far as the middle, parallel in the males, slightly
diverging in the females, with the base each side of the scutellum a little
elevated. The head of this species is wider than the thorax, the eyes large ;
the frontal line narrow ; the occiput impressed ; thorax almost square, rounded
anteriorly, scarcely narrowed behind, very finely and densely punctured. Elytra
twice as wide as the thorax, punctures coarse, not dense ; the feet and base of
the antennae are piceous.

35. A. fulvipes, nigro-fuscus, brevius subtiliter pubescens, capite postice
truncato, parcius punctulato, thorace subtiliter confertissime punctulato, postice
subangustato, elytris parallelis, basi truncatis, grosse punctatis, antennis pedi-
busque rufis. Long. -1.

Ferte Anthic. 177.

Louisiana, Mr. Wapler. Smaller than the preceding, with which it agrees
pefectly in shape, except that the thorax is more distinctly narrowed behind.
The head is much less densely punctulate, and the occiput is not impressed.
The pubescence is very different, being fine, short and not all erect.

This is very evidently La Ferte^s species, although he says that the thorax
is not margined at base. I fear this is an error, as of all the American species
I have examined, there is but a single one, A. coracinus Lee. in which the
marginal line is not to be discovered.

36. A. corticalis, fusco-piceus, pube longa suberecta vestitus, capite tho-
raceque impunctatis, illo postice truncato, hoc trapezoideo, postice subangus-
tato, elytris basi truncatis, parallelis, convexis, grosse punctatis, pedibus rufis.
Long. '11.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 154.

I found this species very abundant at the junction of the Colorado and Gila
rivers, under the bark of trees. It agrees accurately in form with the two pre-
ceding species, but the head and thorax are impunctured; there is no occipital
impression ; the thorax is scarcely longer than wide, and is but slightly narrowed
behind. '1 he antennae are fuscous, with the base testaceous.

37. A. maritimus, pallidus, cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque subti-
lissime punctulatis, illo truncato, hoc longiusculo ovato, elytris subtilius punc-
tatis, murinis, ellipticis convexis, basi emarginatis. Long. '09.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 156,

San Diego, under sea-weed. At once distinguished by the roundness and
convexity of the elytra, which have scarcely any humeral angles; the frontal
line is very fine ; the thorax is as wide as the head, regularly narrowed to the
base, which is scarcely perceptibly margined. A variety occurs with the
suture and base of the elytra pale. Ferte's figure of A. bignttatus
represents very well this insect ; the species resembling it from the Atlantic
coast of the United States (A. i c t e r i c u s Ferte,) I have not yet seen.

1852.] 103

38. A. coracinus, elongatus niger, brevissime pubescens, capite subquad-
rato, basi subemarginato, thoraceque longiusculo postice angustato confertim
punctulatis, elytris elongatis, basi truncatis, grosse punctatis. Long. '17.

Two specimens from the Upper Mississippi. This species differs from all the
preceding by the thorax being perfectly without a basal margin, even at the
sides. The head is wider than the thorax, subquadrate, posterior angles broadly
rounded, base slightly emarginate, and impressed in the middle ; it is finely and
tolerably densely punctured; the eyes are small ; the antennae moderately thick.
The thorax is longer than wide, a little narrowed behind, punctured as the
head ; anterior constriction distinct. Elytra scarcely wider than the head,
parallel, truncate at base, strongly and coarsely punctured, base very slightly
prominent each side ; the pubescence is scarcely visible. The male has the
pygidium prominent.

39. A. pall ens, pallidus, subtiliter punctulatus pubescens, capite parce
granulato-punctato, medio laevi, triangulari, basi emarginato,'thorace transverse
postice valde angustato, elytris convexis, 'basi truncatis, abdomine nigricante.
Long. 'll.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 231.

Shores of Lake Superior. This and the next species differ from all the
others, in having the head triangular, with the posterior angles almost acute,
and the surface granulated. The eyes are moderately large. The antennae are
slender and long ; the thorax is transverse and much narrowed behind. The
terminal spurs of the tibiae are very distinct, and those of the anterior tibiae
unequal ; in the male the anterior tibiae are slightly sinuate internally, and the
terminal spur more prominent.

40. A. granular is, nigro-piceus, pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim
granulatis, illo triangulari basi emarginato, hoc transverso, postice valde angus-
tato, elytris basi valde truncatis confertim punctatis, apice testaceis, antennis
tibiis tarsisque testaceis. Long. '13.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 231.

Lake Superior, abundant. Varies in color : et. elytra testaceous, with a broad
black band ; /2. testaceous, band of the elytra and abdomen black ; y. testaceous,
elytra with an indistinct fuscous spot at the middle. The sexual niarks as in
the preceding, with which this species agrees in form. Both species vary in
having the thorax sometimes obsoletely channeled.

Species unknown to me :

A. exilis Ferte, Anth. 121.

A. ictericus Ferte, Anth. 149.

A. laetus Ferte, Anth. 157.

A. melancholicus Ferte, Anth. 174.

A. pusillus Ferte Anth. 178.

A. squamosus Ferte, 216.

A. lugubris Ferte, 217.

A. pallidus Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 245 5 Ferte, 275.

A. impressipennis Ferte, 300.

A. texanus Ferte, 301.

Tanauthrus Lee.

This genus was founded by me in the 5th volume of the Annals of the Lyceum
of Natural History, upon a very singular insect having the appearance of a
Zuphium. More careful examination has convinced me that my Anthicus alu-
taceus, described in the same place, must also be referred to this new genus;
the mould on the specimens having prevented me at that time from seeing the
generic characters. The following characters will separate this genus :

Antennse in frontem insertae, sub-12-articulatae, articulo llmo elongate, quasi
diviso, intermediis turbinatis. Tarsi articulis cylindricis, 4to minore non bilobato ;
elvtra depressa, apice truncata, abdomine breviora ; corpus depressum, capite

16

104 [June,

magno, oculis parvis, palpis articulo ultimo triangular!, angusto, tibiis omnibus
apice longius bicalcaratis.

1. T. salinus, depressus rufo-testaceus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, subti-
liter punctulatus, capite thoraceque nitidis, illo magno basi emarginato, anten-
narum articulo ultimo praecedentes quatuor aequanie. Long. -21.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 156.

This curious insect was found on the shore of a salt lake in the northern part
of the great Colorado desert. It runs very actively and frequently takes flight,
like Cicindela or Bembidium.

Keddish brown, with very fine cinereous hair. Head flat, quadrate, shining,
finely punctured, posterior angles rounded, occiput channeled, margin almost
acute. Thorax narrower than the head, a little longer than wide, trapezoidal,
slightly narrowed behind, base finely margined, slightly foveate in the middle ;
disc flat, finely punctured ; elytra not wider than the head, parallel, truncate at
base and tip, opaque, very finely and densely punctured, dusky towards the
base. Legs long, moderately slender ; posterior tarsi nearly as long as the
tibiae. The male has the anterior tarsi a little dilated.

2. T. alutaceus, elongatus, fere depressus, niger, subtilissime alutaceus,
brevissime pubescens, capite postice subtruncato, thoraceque punctulatis, elytris
obsolete punctulatis, antennis testaceis articulo ultimo praecedentes duos
aequante. Long. -1.

Anthicus ahitaceiis Lee. An. Lye. 5, 155.

Found at San Diego, California. A much smaller specimen, with the head
more rounded behind, was found at the Gila.

Elongate, almost depressed, black, opaque, scarcely pubescent. Head large,
slightly convex, finely punctured, base truncate, with the margin not acute,
posterior angles broadly rounded. Thorax narrower than the head, trapezoidal,
narrowed behind, base margined ; finely punctured. Elytra scarcely wider than
the head, truncate at base and tip, very finely rugous, and very obsoletely punc-
tured. Posterior tarsi shorter than the tibiae. The last joint of the antennae is
here only twice as long as the preceding, and the constriction is at its middle,
so that it appears like two ordinary joints. It was not until I removed the
mould very carefully, and counted the joints, that I became aware of the aflfinity
with the first species.

The Committee on the following by Dr. Woodhouse, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Description of a new species of Ectopistes.
By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Ectopistes Tnarginella, nobis.

Form. Bill short and slender, wings long and pointed, second quill distinctly
longest, its general form resembling E. Carolinensis, but much more delicate.

Dimensions. From tip of bill to end of tail, total length of skin 9 3-lOths
inches ; wing from flexure 5 4-lOths inches ; tarsus 7^-lOths; bill total length
6-lOths, from gap 7-lOths; tail 4 inches.

Color. Bill dark brown ; upper surface of the head brown, mottled with
black and light brown ; head, front of neck, back, and upper tail coverts, of a
lightish brown ; a brownish white band extends from each eye across the fore-
head ; one reddish brown from the anterior part of the orbit to the back of the
head; throat very light brown inclining to white: the feathers of the lower
portion of the throat are black, with a light brown margin, giving the appear-
ance of circular bands of black and white ; breast, belly, vent and under tail
coverts light fawn ; sides lead color ; primaries dark brown ; the first, second

1852.] 105

and third quills have a white line extending along their ou^f r edge ; secondaries
are rather lighter, and have a light brown margin, on their upper surface they
are reddish brown ; tertiary feathers and wing coverts reddish brown, with a
light margin, and on their outer edge an elongated black spot ; tail consists of
fourteen feathers, the two central of which are dark brown ; the four lateral
feathers are black near their extremity and white at tip ; and the six lateral
have the black, but are light brown at tip ; tarsus and feet light red.

Habitation. Cross Timbers.

Observations. This specimen somewhat resembles the E. Carolinensis, but on
examination proves to be totally different. I procured it in the cross timbers on
the North Fork of the Canadian, on the 6th of September, 1850, whilst attached
to the Creek boundary survey as surgeon and naturalist, under the command of
Lieut. J. C. Woodruff, Topographical Engineers, U. S. Army. I saw several of
them feeding on the ground, and was immediately struck with their size, being
so much smaller than our common dove. I was unable, however, to procure
but one specimen, and this on dissection proved to be a male.

The Committee on Mr. Lea's communication entitled, " Description
of a fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone of Pennsylvania, &c. ; ''
and " On some new fossil Molluscs from the Carboniferous Slates of the
Wilkesbarre Coal Formation," reported in favor of publication in the
Journal.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary, for February, March and
April, was read and adopted.

Dr. Rand offered the following, which was adopted :

Resolved, That Members of the State Medical Society, now in session
in Philadelphia, be invited to visit the Museum of the Academy on the
afternoons of this week, between the hours of 3 and 6 o'clock.

On leave granted Mr. Lea made a few observations on a cast of the
impressions of Sauropus primaevus Lea^ found in the Red Sandstone
of Pottsville, Pennsylvania.

ELECTION.

Mr. Edward S. Buckley, and Mr. Thomas F. Seal, of Philadelphia,
were elected Members of the Academy.

June \st.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Librarian of the British Museum, dated
London, 1st May, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of late numbers of
the Proceedings.

Also one from Prof. A. D. Bache, Superintendent of the U. S. Coast
Survey, dated Washington, April 6th, 1852, accompanying the donation
of Charts announced this evening.

Also from the Rev. M. A. Curtis, dated Society Hill, (S. C.) May
24th, 1852, accompanying the donation of plants from Syria, Egypt,
&c., announced this evening.

Mr. Lea read a paper entitled, *' Description of a new species of Es-

106 [June,

chara, from the Eqpene of Alabama," wliich being intended for publica-
tion in the Proceedings, was referred to Dr. Rand, Mr. Charles E. Smith
and Dr. Ruschenberger.

Dr. Woodhouse presented a paper, intended for publication, describing
a new species of Sciurus ; which was referred to a Committee consisting
of Dr. Watson, Dr. Leidy and Major LeConte.

Mr. Lea called attention to the stone slab containing supposed im-
prints of human feet, deposited by him this evening. This slab is from
the limestone formation immediately underlying the coal near Alton,
Illinois. The impressions have evidently been sculptured, and bear the
marks of some blunt instrument with which they have been executed.
Mr. Lea observed that these are not the first instances of this kind,
which have been noticed, and referred to a description of a similar slab
published in Silliman's Journal several years since.

Dr. Owen stated that the slab of limestone alluded to by Mr. Lea as found
on the Mississippi near St. Louis, is the same which is now preserved in his
(Dr. Owen's) collection, and the one on which two articles have appeared in
Silliman's Journal ; one by Mr. Schoolcraft and one by himself. At the con-
clusion of this latter article, entitled " Human footprints in solid limestone," it
was given as his opinion that these feetraarks were carved on the rock by the
aborigines.

Since that article appeared. Dr. Owen had obtained the most satisfactory cor-
roboration of this inference in two large slabs of magnesian limestone, of lower
Silurian date, obtained at Moccasin-track Prairie, in Missouri, which slabs con-
tained a great many carvings of human feet, as well as those of animals, and
rude imitations of the human figure, something like figures made in gingerbread.
The footmarks bear indubitable tool marks, and some are deficient in the true
number of toes, while, in others, the foot is distorted, with the little toe stand-
ing out almost at right angles.

These specimens, as well as that of Mr. Lea, show clearly that the aborigines
of Missouri had the same propensity for carving the imprint of feet, as the
Southern and Western aborigines of this continent had for representing the
hand on the walls of the ancient edifices, and in other situations.

Any one acquainted with Indians knows that there is no subject which they
study more closely than all kinds of tracks : in fact their life, their maintenance
and the whole security of the savage depends on an intimate and cunning know-
ledge of podology.

Dr. Owen intends giving, at some future time, a more detailed description of
these slabs of magnesian limestone from Moccasin-track Prairie, which are,
probably, the most interesting specimens of the kind ever yet discovered.

Mr. Lea exhibited specimens of shells from the drift on the line of
the Columbia Railroad, about three miles from Philadelphia. These
are the first organic remains of this kind found in this vicinity, Mr.
Lea believed them to have been unquestionably derived from the forma-
tion No. 2 of the Pennsylvania Survey. Although much mutilated,
they can be classified.

Dr. Leidy called attention to a fossil tooth of Tapir presented by Dr.
Hays. This is the only portion of the animal known. He proposed for
it the name of Tapirus Haysii.

1852.] 107

June Sth.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr. LeConte presented for publication in the Journal, a paper entitled
*' Synopsis of the species of Pterosticus Bon., and allied genera inhabit-
ing temperate North America/' which was referred to a Committee con-
sisting of Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Leidy and Mr. Kilvington.

Ju7ie 15 th,
Major John LeConte in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
dated Washington, June 9th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of late
numbers of the Proceedings of the Academy.

Dr. Charles M. Wetherill read a paper entitled " Chemical investi-
gation of the Mexican Honey Ant," which being intended for publica-
tion in the Proceedings, was referred to a Committee consisting of Dr.
Leidy, Dr. Grcnth and Dr. LeConte.

June 22d.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Geological Society of London, dated 1st
May, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal and Proceedings.

Also letters from the Trustees of New York State Library, dated
Albany, June 15, 1852, and from the Corresponding Secretary of the
Academy of Arts and Sciences, dated Boston, June 16, 1852, severally
acknowledging the receipt of late numbers of the Proceedings.

Also a letter from the Librarian of the American Academy, asking
for certain numbers of the Proceedings, to complete the series of the
same in that Institution.

Dr. Genth read a paper '' On some Minerals which accompany Cold
in California;" and a second paper entitled ''On Strontiano-CalcitCj a
new mineral '/' both of which were referred to a Committee consisting of
Dr. LeConte, Dr. Wetherill and Mr. Ashmead.

Mr. Cassin asked the attention of the Academy to the collection of Birds
presented by E. K. Kane, M.D., of the United States Navy, late Surgeon to
Grinnell's Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, and collected by him
during the absence of the Expedition in the Arctic regions.

Nearly all of the specimens are unusually valuable and interesting on account
of their representing species in much more mature plumage than is commonly
seen either in Museums or in recent specimens obtained so far south as Phila-
delphia. This circumstance is of course readily accounted for, as all the
species in the collection are only to be met with while in summer plumage in
the remote regions visited by the Expedition, and their interesting character
may be inferred from that fact.

Mr. C. regarded the specimens of the Brant (Bernicla brenta, Pallas) and of
the Ivory Gull (Larus eburneus, Phipps) as of especial interest.

108 [June,

June 2Qth.

Vice*President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Owen^s paper on a new Mineral from Califor-
nia, reported in favor of publication :

Notice of a New Mineral from California.
By D. D.Owen, M.D.

Mr. Henry Pratten, one of my assistants in the geological surveys in the
North West in 1848 and 1849, went to California in the spring of 1850, and
returned last February. Being interested in mineralogy and geology, he made
observations in these departments of science, both on his way out and during the
time he remained there.

The mineral in question he obtained at a locality known as the Wisconsin
and Illinois claim, near Nevada City, at which place he resided most of the
time he remained in California.

At the time he collected this mineral it struck him as something remarkable
and different from anything he had previously observed ; and he made at the
time some experiments on its blowpipe reactions, without being able positively
to decide what it might be.

He then first submitted it to a distinguished mineralogist, who referred it to
the species Karpholite.

In comparing its blowpipe reactions with that mineral, Mr. Pratten doubted
the correctness of the conclusion that it belonged to the species Karpholite, and
so did Dr. Norwood, who also examined its blowpipe reactions ; and they came
to the conclusion that its indications before the blowpipe resembled more those
of Molybdic acid.

When I returned home last March, Mr. Pratten submitted it to me and I made
a qualitative examination of the mineral in the humid way, and ascertained,
from the reactions of the solution of the mineral with sulphuretted hydrogen,
iodide of potassium, and ferro-cyanide of potassium, that the principal consti-
tuents were molybdenum and iron.

I found, moreover, that it was easily acted on by liquid ammonia, the molyb-
denum being dissolved, while oxide of iron was set free in brownish red flocks.

These chemical reactions proved that though the mineral resembles Karpho-
lite in the yellow color of its fibrous, acicular, tufted crystals, it is quite
different in its chemical constitution.

I made, also, an approximate quantitative analysis on a centigramme of the
mineral, which was all that could be spared at that time, by solution in liquid
ammonia ; collecting the precipitated iron on a filter, washing and weighing it
after ignition. The molybdenum was then separated by sulphuretted hydrogen.

The solution freed from molybdenum was evaporated with addition of hydro-
chloric acid to free the solution of HS ; after filtration it was evaporated to
dryness and ignited, and the small percentage of alkali and magnesia weighed
together; the magnesia, after being separated by peroxide of mercury, was
Weighed by itself.

The result of the analysis gave :

H=Water 15

Mo (?) Molybdic acid(?) . . 40 compound of molybdenum and oxygen
Fe Peroxide of iron . . .35

Alkali 9

Mg Magnesia .... 2

That the molybdenum exists in this mineral as molybdic acid is altogether
probable from the fact of liquid amiBinia acting on it so readily.

1852.]

109

The constituents of Karpholite, by two analyses one by Stromeyer and one
by Steinman, as recorded in Dana's Mineralogy, are :

Si Silica
...

Al Alumina .

Mn Oxide of Manganese
Fe " Iron

omeyer.

By Steinman.

36-15

. 37-53

28-67

. 26-47

19-16

. 18.33

2-29

. Fe 6-27

H Water

10-78

11-86

HF Hydrofluoric acid . . 1-47

Karpholite is therefore essentially a hydrated silicate of alumina and manga-
nese, and entirely different in its composition from the mineral in question.

Before the blowpipe this mineral fuses readily, and a sublimate is formed,
which, if the mineral is supported on its quartz matrix, forms a bluish ring on
the quartz ; and a brilliant yellow color is imparted to the flame. With mic.
salt, in the interior flame, it forms a green bead.

In its easy fusibility and in the production of this curious bluish ring, con-
densed on the quartz around the fragment exposed to the blowpipe flame, this
mineral is readily distinguished by the blowpipe from Karpholite, which fuses
with difficulty, and forms no such ring.

In the works on mineralogy, there is a meagre notice given of an ore of molyb-
denum, under the name of molybdic ochre or oxide of molybdenum, which occurs
in powdery incrustations of various shades of yellow, and is in fact molybdic acid,

being composed of molybdenum 63-66, and oxygen 33-39 (Mo.); but as this
mineral contains no iron, is produced from the decomposition of the sulphuret of
molybdenum, and has never been found in the fine delicate tufted acicular crys-
talline form, it is probably not the same as this California mineral.

I have not yet had a sufficient supply of the ore to ascertain the proportion of
oxygen united with the molybdenum in this mineral, but I am led to believe
that it exists in the state of molybdic acid, from the fact of ammonia acting on
it so readily. I think, moreover, that the molybdic acid is combined with the
iron, for the pure rich yellow color of the mineral forbids the idea of the iron
being only mechanically mixed ; and besides the iron is very nearly in the pro-
portion to form a subsalt : hence I infer that this mineral must be a submolybdate
of iron.

Ji'lOLl.

The Committee to which was referred the following by Mr. Lea,
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Description of a new species of Eschara^from the Eocene of Alabama.

By Isaac Lea.

Many years since I received from the late Judge Tait of Claiborne, a large
number of fossils from the Eocene
beds of that district, and among
the sand was found a fragment of
this interesting genus. I did not
then characterise it, in the hope of
getting a more perfect specimen.
I have not, however, seen any
other but this fragment.

There have been a number of spe-
cies described by Mr. Lonsdale, in
the Journal of the Geological Socie-
ty, vol. i., from the Tertiary of the
IT. S. These were taken by SirC.
Lyell to London, on his return from
one of his tours to this country.
The species which I propose to
characterise, differs in its form

110

[June,

very strikingly from the figures
and descriptions of Mr. Lonsdale.
In Michelin's Iconographie, plates
78 and 79, there is a species figured
from Claiborne, which resembles
this, but is not the same. In the
cuts annexed fig. 1 represents a
highly magnified view of the ex-
ternal surface, with its foramina
and numerous indented points.
Fig. 2 represents the dorsal sur-
face; and fig. 3 represents the
size of the specimen, with its na-
tural appearance.

Eschar a Claihornevsis. Folia-
ceous ; cells ovate, constricted
_ near the middle, boundary slightly

raised, thickened and smooth, mouth rounded at both ends and larger at the
upper one ; a small round foramen at the lower end of each larger foramen ;
surface between the foramina with numerous irregular pits ; dorsal separation
of opposed layers perfect, vesicle rather large, oblong, with the angles rounded.

The Committee on a paper by Dr. Woodhouse, describing a new
species of Sciurus, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of a New Species of Sciurtis,
By S. W. WooDHousE, M. D.

SciuRDs DORSALis, nobis.

Description. Ears large and broad, tufted with long black gray hairs. General
color above dark gray, with the exception of the dorsal line and a band extend-
ing along the external base or hind part of the ear, which is of a rich ferruginous
brown color; beneath white, with the exception of the perineum, which is
gray ; cheeks grayish white ; tail very large and broad, gray above, with a broad
white margin, and white beneath.

Fur long, compact and soft; claws long, very strong and much curved, of a
black color, with the exception of their points which are light and almost trans-
parent; whiskers very long and black ; iris dark brown.

Dimensions of Dried SJcin%

Length from nose to root of tail, about

From heel to point of longest nail,

Height of ears externally, ....

" ' to end of hair, .

Breadth of ear, .......

From ear to point of nose, about

Tail vertebrre, about .....

" to end of fur, about .....

Remarls. This beautiful squirrel I procured whilst attached to the expedition
under the command of Capt. L. Sitgreaves, Topographical Engineer U. S. Army,
exploring the Zuni and the Great and Little Colorado rivers of the West, in the
month of October, 1851, in the San Francisco Mountain, New Mexico, where I
found it quite abundant, after leaving which, I did not see it again. On the receipt
of my New Mexican collections (which contain some fine specimens, with their
crania,) I will give a fuller description.

Inches.

13

2

8-lOths.

. . 1

3-lOths.

2

8-lOths.

1

1 7-lOths.

8

11

1852.] Ill

The Committee on tlie following communication from Dr. C. M.
Wetherill, reported in favor of publication :

Cheimcal Investigation of the Meodcaii Honey A7it.
By Charles M. WETHERirx, Ph. D.

Several of these curious insects, described in a late number of the Proceedings,
were handed to me some time since by Dr. Leidy, with the request that I would
make a chemical examination of them. I was fearful at the time, from the
scarcity of material, and from the endosmosis and exosmosis that had apparently
taken place, (as the ants had been preserved for some time in alcohol,) that I
could not arrive at satisfactory conclusions. The difficulties were not, however,
as great as anticipat^^d. The following are the results of my experiments.

The ants were filled with a varying quantity of the honey; in some the
abdomen was distended, in others quite flaccid. The liquid also varied;
in some being of light amber color, and in others deeper in hue. Six of
the average sized insects weighed 2.6o3.3 grammes, their bodies weighed
0.288 gr. The honey, consequently, of the six ants weighed 2.3653 grammes,
and the average quantity of honey in a single ant 0.3942 gr. Since the average
wei^^ht of a single ant is 0.04S, it follows that the honey which an average one of
these ants contains is 8.2 times greater than the weight of its body. The density
of the ants, when filled with honey, and that of their bodies, was ascertained by
weighing in alcohol of density 0.8309, and reducing to water as unity.

The following are the data :

2.6533 grammes of the ants, with their honey, weighed in alcohol 0.9310 ; and
of the bodies without the honey 0.288 weighed 0.061 in alcohol.

From which the density is calculated; for the ants filled with honey at 1.28,
and for the bodies alone 1.05.

The syrup extracted from the ant had an agreeable sweet taste, the odor very
much resembling that of the syrup of squills. It reacted slightly acid to blue
litmus paper. When evaporated by the heat of steam, it dried to a gummy mass,
which did not exhibit traces of crystallization after standing for a couple of weeks.
It was very hygroscopic, becoming quickly soft from the absorption of water
from the atmosphere.

The sugar dried, as stated, by steam heat, dissolved without residue in ordi-
nary alcohol, leaving a residue in nearly absolute alcohol. This residue dis-
solved in ordinary alcohol completely. The alcoholic solutions were all set
aside, for several days, for crystallization, with negative results. These alco-
holic solutions had exactly the snriell of the perfumed bay rum. I call attention
to these peculiar odors, as perhaps capable, with additional evidence, of throwing
some light upon the origin of the honey.

When exposed for some time in vacuo over sulphuric acid, the syrup dries up
to a transparent gum-like mass, but without any signs of crystallization during
the process. 2.1065 of the syrup, after standing thus in vacuo for about two
weeks, weighed 1.4425, equal to a per centage of 68.478, sugar in the syrup.
When thus dried it had the rich sugar smell of candy made by heating sugar and
butter together.

Some of the honey was set aside for crystallization as removed from the insect.
After many days it was examined, but no traces of crystallization could be
observed, either with the naked eye or with the microscope. Some of the honey
was examined alone, under the microscope with high powers; no crystals were
observed, but here aqd there fragments of organic tissue. Examined by polarized
light, some of these stood out in bright relief against the dark ground of the field,
and were at first mistaken for fragments of crystals, until a capillary like tube
was observed, which resembled these fragments, and which changed its color by
the rotation of the polarization's plane.

No change could be observed after touching the drop under the microscope with
a drop of solution or tincture of iodine-

17

112 [June,

A drop of the honey, in a watch glass, blackened when exposed to a steam heat
with dilate sulphuric acid.

When heated with the blue solution obtained by adding tartaric acid or solu-
tion of potassa to sulphate of copper, a red precipitate of the suboxide of copper
fell.

Chloride of bariunn, ferrocyanitle of potassium, and sulphate of copper, added
to an aqueous solution of the honey, gave no precipitates, either in the cold or
by heat.

Nitrate of silver gave in the cold a whitish precipitate, which changed to dark
brown by heating.

A portion of ihe honey heated on platinum foil blackened, gave out fumes, and
the odor of burnt sugar, leaving a porous coke, which burned off and left an al-
most imperceptible ash.

A portion of the substance which had been left in vacuo for two weeks was
taken for analysis by combustion with oxide of copper and chlorate of potassa.

As the honey thus dried was not perfectly hard, but of a sticky nature, it was
necessary to introduce it into the combustion tube upon a piece of glass. 0.497
of honey gave 0.306 of water,' and 0.684 of carbonic acid, corresponding to a per
centage of C = 37.525 and H = 6.841 by loss = 55.634. This corresponds, as
nearly as could be expected, under the circumstances of the analysis, with the
formula of crystallized grape sugar C12 Hi4 Ou as may be seen by the following
comparison :

Bj Calculation.

By Analj-sis.

Anal. Starch Sugar by

De Saussure.

C12

36.363

37.525

37.21)

H14

. 7.071

6.841

6.84

Oi4

56.566

55.634

55.87

100.000 100.000 100.00

The following analysis may be compared with my results : 1. Diabetic sugar
by Peligot. 2. Sugar of grape, by De Saussure. 3. Cane sugar, by Liebig.
4. Sugar of honey, by Prout.

I. II. III. IV.

C. 36. 7 36.71 42.30 36.36

H 7.3 6.78 6.45 C ( ^^ .

O 56.0 56.51 51.50 H J ^"^'^^

100.0 100.00 100.00 100.00

It results, I think, from these experiments that the honey contained in the
Mexican ant is a nearly pure solution of the sugar, so called, of fruits whifth is in
a state of hydration, isomeric with grape sugar, Ci2 Hi4 On, and differing from
grape sugar in not crystallizing. The phenomena of circular polarization differ
in these two named sugars ; but the want of sufficient material rendered such
comparison impossible. The honey of bees is a mixture of these two kinds of
sugar ; and as it is obtained from the nectar of flowers cotitaining cane sugar, the
transformation into fruit and grape sugars must take place in their bodies.* As
the ant honey yields, among its reactions, one of cane sugar, viz: that of black-
ening when heated with dilute sulphuric acid, it is possible that it may contain
an admixture of cane sugar, which would account for the imperfect correspond-
ence of the analysis with the per centage calculated from the formula. It renders
also the supposition plausible, that these ants obtain their honey from the same
source as the bee.

With regard to the acidity of the honey, want of material prevented any expe-
riments. Can it be formic acid, or is it acetic from the oxidation of the alcohol
in which the ants were preserved /

*Loewig-Chem. der Org. Verbindungen.

1852.] 113

A portion of the alcohol (reacting acid like the honey) neutralized by caustic
potassa, then distilled with sulphuric acid, gave an aqueous acid liquid, which, on
addition of nitrate of silver, gave a whitish precipitate, becoming black on boil-
ing, rendering the supposition of formic acid probable.

The Committee on the two papers by Dr. Genth, entitled respectively
^^On some Minerals which accompany Gold in California,^^ and ^' On
Strontiano-Calcite, a new Mineral/' reported in favor of publication in
the Proceedings.

On some Minerals, wJdch accompany Gold in California.
By Dr. F. A. Genth.

A few days ago I had an opportunity of examining a lot of Gold from the north
fork of the American River, 30 miles from Sacramento City.

The gold was in very fine scales and but a few larger pieces among them.
The following minerals have been found mixed with it, viz. :

1. Hyacintli in almost microscopic crystals, of different lengths. The longer
ones exhibit the form of the primitive square octahedron combined with the
second square prism ; the shorter ones have besides, a second octahedron, a
double eight-sided pyramid and the first prism ; one of the crystals I found having
a basal plane besides. They are colorless or show a smoky tinge; only a few
less perfect crystals have a grayish-brown color. Lustre perfectly adamantine.

2. Chromic Iron in rounded grains, which sometimes show faces of the regular
octahedron. Color between jet-black and iron-black. Lustre submetallic.
Streak brown. Not magnetic. Before the blowpipe with borax it gives in both
flames emerald-green beads. The powder was decomposed by bisulphate of
potash, and the presence of sesqui-oxide of iron and chromium likewise ascer-
tained in the moist way.

3. Ilmenite occurs in iron-black grains, which show sometimes distinctly a
basal cleavage. Lustre submetallic. Streak brownish, and iron-black. Before
the blowpipe it gives a blood-red bead, which, when saturated, can be easily
enameled. The powder is easily decomposed by bisulphate of potash; the fused
mass dissolves completely in diluted hydrochloric acid, and this solution, when
evaporated, lets fall a white powder, which gives with borax and microcosmic
salt the characteristic reactions of titanic acid. The solution in hydrochloric
acid contains nothing but sesqui-oxide of iron.

[Both Chromic Iron and Ilmenite seem to have been confounded with magnetic
iron.]

4. Platimim. A few steel-colored rounded grains were observed, and of

5. Iriclosmi7ie, a few lead-colored scales. The quantity of both Platinum and
Iridosmine was too small for further examination.

I will mention here, that I have examined some white grains and scales from
Stanislaus in California, which were presented to me by Prof. John Frazer,
whose brother had them collected.

The few scales of gold mixed with them were extracted by diluted aqua regia.
I then treated them with concentrated aqua regia as long as it acted upon.

The solution contained almost pure bichloride of platinum with but a trace of
iridium ; neither rhodium nor palladium could be detected in it.

The residue consists of six-sided scales of a color between lead- and tin-white.
On heating them upon platinum foil, they give out a strong odor of osmium ; they
are therefore the combination Ir Os4 (or Ir OS3) known under the name of Sis-
sershite. Being heated thus, most of the scales become iridescent and assume,
like steel, yellow, orange and blue eolors. I do not know that this reaction has
been observed. In. order to ascertain whether every kind of iridosmine gives it,

114 [June,

or whether it is peculiar to that from California, I treated some from the Oural
Mountains in the same manner, and found that most, but not all of the lead-
colored scales are oxydized and assume yellow, orange and blue colors. This
reaction seems therefore to be an important one to distinguish Sisserskite from
Newjanskite. It is very likely, too, that we find in nature but two combinations
of Iridium and Osmium, Ir Os and Ir O34 and that Ir O33 is Ir Os-i mixed with
some Ir Os, as it is very difficult to distinguish their color.

On Strontiano-ccdcite^ a New Mineral.
By Dr. F. A. Genth.

Primitive form an obtuse rhombohedron (as it seems to show cleavage parallel
to the planes of a rhombohedron, similar to that of calcite) ; the secondary forms
which I observed were the second acute rhombohedron (analogous to that of
calcite of 65 50') and its corresponding scalene-dodecahedron. (Crystals micros-
copic and not very distinct ; in globular masses formed by an aggregate of rhom-
bohedrons, every globule terminating in the above-mentioned acute rhombohe-
dron. Fracture uneven. H. =^ 3.5. Sp. gr. == ?

Colorless and transparent at the points of the aggregations, which are white
and translucent. The colorless crystals have a vitreous, the white ones a some-
what pearly lustre.

When heated before the blowpipe it gives out a brilliant light, imparts to the
flame a slight crimson color, and is rendered caustic. Easily soluble in acids
with disengagement of carbonic acid. The solution gives a white precipitate
with sulphate of lime, but not with sulphate of strontia; it therefore contains
strontia. After, (in another quantity of the solution,) strontia was precipitated
with sulphate of potash, the addition of oxalate of ammonia produced a precipi-
tate of oxalate of lime.

The quantities I had at my disposal were too small to admit of a quantitative
analysis, but I presume from the quantities, precipitated with sulphate of potash
and oxalate of ammonia, that lime and strontia are contained in Strontiano-calcite
in about equal proportions.

The specimen was presented to me by William Wagner, Esq., who collected
it in the neighborhood of Girgenti in Sicily, where it, according to his statement,
is of rare occurrence and associated with celestine and sulphur.

In the chemico-mineralogical system it is to be placed between Dufrenoy's
Dreelite and Plumbocalcite.

Of the carbonates which have isomorphous bases, of carbonate of lime only,
two forms, rhombohedron and rhombic prism, have been observed; of carbonate
of lead, strontia and baryta, only the rhombic form is known; but when in com-
bination with carbonate of lime, they all likewise crystallize in the rhombohe-
drical form, thus forming Plumbo-calcite, Strontiano-calcite and Dreelite. It is
very likely, that we one of these days will meet with rhombohedrical forms of
the pure carbonates of lead, strontia and baryta.

The Committee on a paper by Messrs. Audubon and Bacbman, read
this evening by special permission, describing a new species of North
American Fox, reported in favor of publication :

Descri2)tio7i of a new North American Fox. Genjcs Yidpes^ Cuv.
By Audubon and Bachman.

VuLPES Utah.

V. c(7?"/?orc ,j?-;-wc//o?T, pilis velleris longioribus nee non gracilioribus quam in
V. fulvo, Cauda magna cylindracea.

Specijic characters. Larger than Vulpes fulvis ; fur longer aad finer than in
that species; taillarge and cylindrical.

1852.]

115

'eet.

Inches.

2

8

4

8

8

5

6

4

3|

5

3

led beneath, horn

Dimensioks.

From point of nose to root of tail,
Tail, (vertebra",)

" (to end of hair.) .....
Circumference of tail, (broadest part,)
From shoulder to fore-feet, . '. .
From rump to hind-feet, ....

Height of ears, (posteriorly,) ....
From point of nose to eye, ....
Longest hairs on the brush, ....
" on the body, . . . .

Description. Claws slightly arched, compressed, channel
color ; hair, of two kinds, first, a coarse and long hair covering the fur beneath it;
second, a dense and very soft fine fUr, composed of hairs that are straight, but
crimped and j^vavy, as in the silver gra}' fox. Fur plumbeous at the rqots,
gradually becoming dai-k brown towards the tips in those parts of the body which
are dark colored on the surface ; in those parts which are white, the fur is white
from the roots, and on no part of the animal does it present any annulations.

The long hairs are dark-brown from the roots, yellowish-white near the mid-
dle of their length, and are tipped with black.

On the under surface the hairs are principally white their whole extent, with
a few black ones intermixed; the fur on the tail is rather less fme and more
woolly than on the body.

Feet covered with, soft hair reaching beyond the toes ; on the forehead the hair
is rather coarse and short, with fine fur beneath. From this intermixture of
hairs the animal is greyish-white on the hea<l, dark-brown on the neck, grayish-
brown on the dorsal line and on the sides ; the throat, under surface of the bod}',
insides of legs, and feet are black.

The tail is irregularly banded with dark brown and dull white, the tip white
for about three inches.

Another Specimen. Nose, both surfaces of the legs, and behind the ears, dark
reddish-brown; whiskers black; under side of neck, and aline on the belly, liver
brown. Fur on the back very fine, and dark ashy-gray from the roots: the
longer hairs on the back are black at the roots, and are broadly tipped with white ;
fur on the sides, cinereous at the roots, and yellowish-white from thence to the
end.

There is a reddish tinge on the neck, extending to the shoulders ; sides of the
face grizzly-brown ; the hair on the tail is irregularly clouded with brown and
dull white, and is lightest on the under surface.

This animal was first noticed, by Lewis and Clarke, as the large red fox of the
plains, (vol. 2, p. 168,) and was referred to by us in the first volume of the
Quadrupeds of North America, p. 54, where we described it from a hunter's skin.

Having obtained a beautiful specimen from Captain Rhett, of the United States
Army, we now propose for it the name of Vnlpes TJtaJi, as it is, so far as our
information extends, chiefly found in the Utah territory, although it probably
ranges considerably north of the Great Salt Lake.

The habits of this beautiful fox are similar to those of the E.ed Fox, and it
runs into many varieties of color.

Captain Rhett informed us that he killed the specimen, kindly presented to us
by him, near Fort Larimee.

Several specimens of Vidpes Utah have been received at the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, and it will probably sooa be well known.

116 [June,

The Committee to wliicli was referred a paper by Dr. Le Conte,
entitled " Synopsis of the species of Pterostichus/' reported in favor of
publication in the Journal.

ELECTION.

Mr. Joseph Lea and Dr. William H. Tingley, both of Philadelphia,
W(3re elected llembers of the Academy,

1852.] 117

July 6A, 1852.
Dr. Elwyn in the Chair.

A paper was presented from Professor S. F. Baird and Mr. Charles
Girard, intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Charac-
teristics of some new Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution/' which was referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Le Conte, and Dr.
Leidy.

Dr. Wetherill read a paper intended for publication in the Proceed-
ings, entitled ^' Further examination of the Phoenixville Molybdate of
Lead.'' Referred to Mr. Ashmead, Mr. Vaux, and Dr. Rand.

Dr. Wetherill read a second paper, entitled ^' Chemical examination
of the food of the Queen Bee." Referred to Dr. Bridges, Dr. Rand,
and Mr. Vaux.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the American Philosophical
Society, dated June 21st, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of No. 2,
Vol. 6, and index and title page Vol. 5, of the Proceedings.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to a fragment of a fossil ox head,
found by Dr. Samuel Brown in a creek 'emptying into the Ohio river, and now
deposited in the cabinet of the Academy by the American Philosophical Society.
Notwithstanding its larger size and its locality, Cuvier considered it the same as
the Bos priscus. Harlan named it Bos latifrons. It belongs to a species of
Bison, and is, with very little doubt, distinct from the Bison priscus, and should
be called Bison latifrons.

Another fragment exhibited belonged to a smaller animal. The horn core is
relatively more conoidal and curved than in Bison latifrons. The specimen was
found at Big-bone-lick, Kentucky, and probably indicates a distinct species, for
which the name Bison antiquus was proposed.

Dr. L. further stated he had been studying the extinct Edentata of North
America, and had come to the conclusion, that there were probably four species
of Megalonyx, M. Jeffersonii, Harlan, M. laqueatus, Harlan, ?M. potens, Leidyy
and M. dissimilis, Leidy ; one species of Mylodon, the M. Harlani, Owen ; and
one species of Megatherium, which is probably distinct from that of South
America, and might be called with propriety M. mirabile, Leidy. The jaw
figured by Prof. Owen, in the Voyage of the Beagle, Foss. Mam. pi. xxix, Dr.L.
observed, he was satisfied did not belong to the Megalonyx Jeffersonii, as sup-
posed by Mr. Owen, but to a new genus and species, for which the name
Gnathopsis Oweni was proposed.

July \Zth.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Professor J. P. Kirtland, dated East Rockport,
Ohio, June 26th, 1822, accompanying the donations announced at a late
meeting of the Academy.

Also a letter from Dr. Johannes Gistl, dated Munich, April 21st,
1852, accompanying his donations to the Library announced this
evening.

raOCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. VI. NO. IV. 19

118 [July,

Dr. Genth read a paper describing a new mineral, Rhodophyllite, which
was referred to Mr. Vaux, Dr. Wetherill, and Dr. Bridges.

Dr. Owen, in presenting to the Society a specimen of Fusulina Lime-
stone, and Tutenmergel, made the following remarks:

The specimen of Fusulina cylindrica is from the carboniferous limestone on the
west side of the Missouri river, below Fort Kearney. One bed ^of limestone
there is a complete agglutinated mass of this interesting little foraminiferous
shell, which is almost the form and size of a grain of wheat, so that those unac-
quainted with the fossil take it to be " petrified wheat. ''^

Previous to its discovery on the Missouri river, during the geological survey
made by me in 1849, it had been found, I believe, only in isolated specimens in
a siliceous stratum towards the base of the coal measures of Ohio. In Europe it
has only been found in Russia. Both in this country and Europe it appears to be
confined to the carboniferous rocks.

The specimen of Tutenmergel is from Keeth's Rapid, on the Des Moines river,
Iowa, where it occurs in great perfection in ver}' perfect cones with a fine
crimped surface, and possessing internally the structure of Arragonite. The Tu-
tenmergel of this locality proves to my. mind that its form cannot be due to
simple shrinkage of the strata, as believed by most persons, but is a crystalliza-
tion, with simultaneous infiltration of calcareous waters a stalactitic formation,
not in the atmosphere, but within the substance of its argillaceous matrix.

The bed at Keeth's Rapid is only four or five inches thick ; but it occurs in
much thicker beds nine inches or more lower down near Amsterdam and else-
where on the Des Moines, but not in as pure a form, and almost of a black
color, while the Keeth bed is almost as colorless as calc spar.

July 2^th,
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Professor Lepsius, dated Berlin, June 20th, 1852, accompany-
ing his donation to the Library announced this evening.

From Dr. Samuel Webber, of Charlestown, New Hampshire, accom-
panying specimens of the fins and tail of a Fish, in the substance of
which were numerous hard granules. The letter also enclosed the fol-
lowing communication on the subject :

" In the town of Unity, about twelve miles from the place of my residence, is
a small body of water known by the name of Cold Fond, It abounds with fish
of the kind usually found in such waters, viz., roach, bream, perch and pickerel.
They are plump, firm, and well flavored, but almost uneatable in consequence of
a peculiarity which I have never observed nor heard of in these kinds of fish in
other localities. This peculiarity is that through the bodies of these fish are scat-
tered numerous small blackish grains of a globular form, and of about the size of
mustard seed, quite hard, and which annoy the teeth so much in the act of masti-
cation, as to take away all comfort of eating. Sometimes these little bodies are
single, sometimes clustered together more or less. They pervade even the fins
and tail, as may be seen by some specimens that I forward in company with this
brief sketch. 01 the nature and cause of this unusual condition of the fish, or of
the substance of these little pellet?, nothing is known. It has been conjectured
that the water of the pond is more or less impregnated, in parts at least consider-
ably, by some mineral spring, and that the particles of some mineral held in
solution by it, are taken into the circulation of the fish, and by some process of
decomposition are deposited in small tubercular aggregations in the various parts
of the body."

fe

1852.] 119

July 21 til ,
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee to which was referred Dr. Wetherill's paper on the
Phocnixville Moljbdate of Lead, reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Further Examiiiatioii, oj the P hccnixville Molybdale of head.

By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph. D.

In the Proceedings for the 30th March of this year, is a description of a red
variety of Molybdate of Lead, examined qualitatively by me, and in which it is
stated that I could not detect chromium either by the moist way, or before the
blow pipe. In the July number of Silliman's Journal, page 105, among the min-
eralogical notices by Mr. W. T. Blake, he observes that the specimens from the
Wheatley mine, which he mistook for chromate of lead, have been found to be the
molybdate containing chromic acid. I find also in Dana's Mineralogy, under the
head of this mineral, the observation that " a red variety contains a few per cent,
of chromic acid." In my former analysis I looked particularly for this acid
without finding it. Supposing that Mr. Blake had been more fortunate than my-
self, I repeated the examination on larger quantities of mineral, and with great
care, but have no reason to change what was before written. About one deci-
gramme of the pulverized molybdate was dissolved in boiling concentrated hydro-
chloric acid. No chlorine could be detected, as would have been the case were
chromic acid present. After boiling for some time to reduce the hypothetical
acid to sesquioxide of chromium, enough water was added to dissolve the formed
chloride of lead, and then sulphuric acid in excess. The solution was yellow, and
when drops of the liquid had reached the hot sides of the capsule the blue molybde-
num compound was formed, which gave with the yellow solution a green tinge to
those parts. The lead being thus separated in combination with sulphuric acid,
to the filtrate was added hydrosulphuret of ammonium, which kept in solution
the sulphnret of molybdenum thus formed, and precipitated sulphuret of iron, which
should contain sesquioxide of chromium, if chromic acid were in the mineral.
This sulphuret of iron was removed from the solution, oxidized by nitric acid,
precipitated hot by ammonia, then washed, and the ashes of the filter fused with
nitre and carbonate of soda. The result was the slightest shade greenish, as if
from the presence of minute traces of manganese, but not in the least yellow, nor
did it give a yellow solution with water, nor did the solution, neutralized exactly
by ammonia and nitric acid, give, as would be the case with chromic acid, the
purple red precipitate of the chromate of silver on addition of the nitrate. The
reactions of chromium are so decided that the presence of this metal could hardly
escape the notice of one looking for it. I have not yet been able to obtain a suf-
ficient quantity of the mineral for a quantitative examination. This compound
may possibly be an acid molybdate, analogous to many chromates which when
neutral are yellow, and red when acid.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Wetherill, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Chemical Examination of the Food of the Quee7i Bee.

By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph. D.

A specimen was given to me by Dr. Leidy, from Mr. Langstroth, of the food
of the ^|Ueen bee. It was an oblong mass, consisting of two differently colored
layers, the inner one horn-like and transparent, the outer whitish and more
opaque. Under the microscope, with high powers, it appears amorphous. It was

120 [July,

heavier than water, of the consistenc}' of wax, hut sticky and elastic. It contains
Wax, which is in larger quantity in the white than in the inner layer. Heated on
the platinum foil a portion of the body melts and flows to another part of the
platinum, where by further heating it diffuses the odor of wax. The residue does
not melt, but swells up by greater heat, with a smell of burned leather, and leaves
a porous coke, burning off with great difficulty, and with a slight ash. The sub-
stance in warm water is softened and partly dissolves, leaving white insoluble
flakes; the filtrate gives a precipitate on boiling, which precipitate does not melt
by heat, nor is it soluble in alcohol or ether. The original substance does not
dissolve in alcohol or ether, but in the latter menstruum is covered on the sur-
face with a white coating. In warm dilutfe hydrochloric acid it is slightly attacked,
but not completely dissolved. Tested for nitrogen by Lassaigne's method, by
fusion with sodium and obtaining the precipitate of Prussian blue, it indicated the
presence of considerable quantities of that element. As the body appears to be
composed of at least three substances, and the quantity at my disposal weighed
but three decigrammes, I was unable to subject it to an ultimate analysis.

From its reactions it appears to contain, besides wax, albumen and protein
compounds. It is truly a bread containing albuminous compounds, which
would probably prove, on analysis, similar to the gluten of wheat, for the nourish-
ment of the plastic organs of the body. The examination of this substance was
interesting in connection with the Mexican ant honey. The latter contains
no nitrogen, and would therefore seem incapable alone of affording nourishment
to the young insect, as supposed by some, and which young, in the case of bees,
are fed by pollen. Perhaps the accumulation of honey in the ant is the result of
a disease like diabetes ; though it would seem improbable that it should be a dis-
ease so widely diffused. These ants do not, I suppose, make wax or an analogous
substance, which is the use of the tioney of the bee.

The examination of compounds occurring in the lower animals, which are also
the result of the decomposition of amylaceous and albuminous substances, and a
comparison of these compounds with the animal's food, has been much neglected
by chemists. Yet it would seem that the study of certain decompositions deemed
physiologically important, could be more readily carried out upon those lower
orders whose organs are less complex. The food of animals is in general very
similar, as well in the percentage proportion of its constituents as in the rational
formulae of its elements. It consists, as is well known, of nitrogenized com-
pounds for formation, and amylaceous ones for respiration. The amylaceous
compounds, in particular, have been well studied in all their transformations out
of the body, and to a certain extent as occurring in man and in a few animals.
The three principal radicals of this class, amyl, ethyl, and formyl, and their
compounds and derivatives, are well known. It is therefore significant, and sug-
gestive of further research, when we find the three acids of their alcohol radicals
in the animal, as valerianic in the oil of Delphinus globiceps, acetic in man, &c.,
and formic in the ant ; these acids and other products of decomposition of the
three radicals being besides found in other animals and in plants, and some in a
diseased state of plant or animal. If it be desirable to study that mysterious
force, the vital, how can it be done but by its effects, for which nature must be
cross-examined in her every form. This is the more important, as we find vitality
to determine the resolution of the same food into different products in different
animals, as may be required for their existence. We have a beautiful example
of this in the case of the bee. One of the simplest transformations of an organic
compound is that of cane to grape sugar ; it requires merely the absorption of two
equivalents of water by the former. Grape sugar appears by the phenomena of
fermentation to be more readily decomposable than cane sugar ; and we accord-
ingly find this change taking place in the body of the bee in the formation of its
honey, which is to be worked up again into wax. When cane sugar is given to
bees for the formation of wax, wax is indeed formed, but apparently with more
difficulty, and does not detach itself readily as in vsax from honey. This excre-
ment of honey compared with food is probably the simplest occurring in animal
life.

18520 '. ' 121

The relation of food to respiration and nourishment in man and kindred ani-
mals has been well set forth by Liebig in his Animal Chemistry. According to
this author, an equivalent of starch is changed into fat by losing one equivalent
of carbonic acid, and seven equivalents of oxygen. Now, since wax bears a great
analogy to the fats, it may be supposed to be derived from honey in a similar manner.
Wax composed of cerine and myricine has a composition of C34H34O2 ; anhydrous
grape sugar C12H12O12, or three equivalents C36H36O36, two equivalents carbonic
acid, two of water, and twenty-eight oxygen ; three equivalents of grape sugar
would yield one of wax. That wax is produced from honey is shown by Grund-
laeh, (Natural History of Bees,) as quoted by Liebig. The air in the hive during
the formation of wax should contain an excess of oxygen, which has not been
shown by analysis, that 1 am aware of.

Grundlach supposes that honey is alone necessary to the support of bees with-
out nitrogenized substances like pollen, and instances the fact that bees often
starve in April when their honey is consumed, and when they can obtain pollen
from the fields, but no honey. But this, perhaps, only proves that much honey is
necessary to their existence, owing no doubt to the large expenditure in the for-
mation of wax, and which is not voluntary but continually going on. For the
same author has observed that bees shut up and fed without a queen, will not
build up honey comb, although the wax laminae will continue to be secreted from
their bodies. If there is any analogy between bees and the vertebrata, that
nitrogenized compounds are as necessary to the formation of the plastic organs as
the non-nitrogenized are to the respiration, (and it would seem thus probable from
the fact that the queen bee, the fruit of whose labor requires much nitrogen,
lives on highly nitrogenized food,) it seems as incredible that bees should be sup-
ported entirely by honey, as that man should be by starch only.

A careful examination of the relation between food and its transformation in
the bodies of such animals, would no doubt throw great light upon mooted points
in physiology ; and the many differences in the nature of the products, which
could no doubt be reconciled with the laws of chemistry, would in themselves
afford one of the strongest proofs in favor of the theories with which they
might agree.

The Committee on Dr. Genth's paper, describing a new Mineral, re-
ported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

On RhodophylUte, a New Mineral.
Ey Dr. F. a. Genth.

Primitive form most probably hexagonal ; sometimes small six-sided laminas.
Cleavage basal, eminent. Usually in masses consisting of foliated scales.

H = 2-5. Sp. gr. (at 77*^ F.) = 2-617.

Color of fine scales between greyish and silver-white and peach-blossom red ;
masses of the latter color. Streak reddish white. Lustre pearly. Subtrans-
parent ; subtranslucent. Scales flexible, but not elastic. The powder greasy
to the touch.

Yields water in the matrass. Heated before the blowpipe, it becomes silver-
white, with a greyish-green tint ; small scales are rounded at the edges, and
become brownish from the oxidation of the iron ; dissolves in borax and micro-
cosmic salt, and gives in both flames emerald green beads ; by the latter reagent
a skeleton of silicic acid is separated; with soda in the oxidizing flame it forms
a yellow mass. Hydrochloric acid apparently does not act upon it ; sulphuric
acid acts slowly upon the fine powder, but the mineral previously heated to red-
ness is almost completely decomposed by it, with separation of silicic acid as
a jelly.

122

[July,

Composition : 3 (RO, Si O3) + 2 (R2 O3, SiOa) + 9 (MgO, HO.) According
to analysis it contains :

Silicic acid

. = 33-41 . . 32-98 contains

oxygen

17-12

Sesquioxide of chi

romium i 6-85

tc

2-12

Alumina

. 5. = 18-15 . . 11-11

<(

5-19

Oxide of iron .

:\ 1-43

-((

0-32

Oxide of nickel

trace

Magnesia

= 35-86 . . 35.22

((

14-08

Lime

trace

Litiiia
Soda

I = 0-28 . . 0-28

it

0-11

Potash .

= 0-10 . . 0-10

(t

0-02

Water .

. = 12-79 . . 13-12

it

11-66

100-59 101-09

Found near Texas in Lancaster county, associated with chromic iron, gymnite,
nickel-gymnite and other minerals.

Considering sesquioxide of chromium and alumina as isomorphous bases, and
in the same manner oxide of iron and the small quantities of alkalies isomor-
phous with magnesia, the oxygen ratio of

RO :

R2 O3

: SiOs : HO is

14 53 :

7-31

: 17-12 : 11-66,

= 1-99 :

1

: 2-34 : 1-6, which is very near

= 1 -.

2

4

: s : 3, and gives the equivalents

in the following proportion :

RO .

R2O3

: SiOs : HO

12 :

2

: 5 : 9, or the formula

3 (RO, SiOs) + 2 (R2O3, Si03) 4. 9(MgO, HO).

In the chemico-mineralogical system, this mineral is to be placed among
the Silicates of bases RO -\- R'i Os -{- Hydrates, and it has some relation
to Chlorite and Ripidolite. Besides, most of its physical and chemical proper-
ties seem to be identical with Fiedler's Rhodochrom, a mineral from Tino in
Greece and some localities in the Oural Mountains, which by G. Rose is consi-
dered a serpentine, containing a large quantity of chromium ; but the latter has
a greenish-black color, and dissolves in hydrochloric acid. As no quantitative
analysis of it has been published, further examinations have to prove what rela-
tions exist between these minerals. I at least consider it useless to speak about
identity, if it cannot be proved by analysis.

Another mineral, much resembling Rhodophyllite, but of a different composi-
tion, is Kammererite.

In the following I will give a brief report of the data of the analysis, and the
modes which were adopted in separating the different ingredients.

I. 2-0490 grammes of the mineral gave:

Water ....
Silicic acid

Sesquioxide of chromium
Alumina ....
Sesquioxide of iron .
Oxide of nickel
Pyrophosphate of magnesia
Lime ....

Tl. 1-7 lOG grammes gave :

Chloride of lithium, sodium and potassium 0-0138 grammes.
Plaliiuim . . . . . . 0-0036

. 0-6759

aiiJi

. 0-1103

<<

. 0-2277

it

. 0.0327

tc

trace

i(

. 2-0084

tc

trace

it

1852.] 123

III. 2'4806 grammes gave:

Silicic acid . . . . . . 0-8288 grammes.

Sesquioxide of iron i

chromium V . . . 0-4502 '<

Alumina \

Pyrophosphate of magnesia . . . 2-3499 "

<c

Magnesia 0-0451

IV. 2.6148 grammes gave :

Water 0-3344 grammes.

In analysis No. I. the fine powder was fused in a platinum crucible with car-
bonate of soda and nitrate of potash ; the fused mass was decomposed by hydro-
chloric acid, and evaporated to dryness ; the dry mass moistened with hydro-
chloric acid, heated and filtered. The silicic acid, thus separated, containing
still a small quantity of chromium, etc., was fused a second time by carbonate of
soda, and treated as above; the solution containing the small quantity of chro-
mium was added to the other part. The acid liquid containing in solution the
sesquioxides of chromium and iron, alumina and magnesia, was very nearly
neutralized by carbonate of soda, and precipitated by carbonate of baryta. The
mixture was often stirred, and after two days filtered. The weaker bases were
completely precipitated, and did not contain a trace of magnesia. The precipi-
tate of alumina, the sesquioxides of iron and chromium, and the excess of car-
bonate of baryta, were treated with sulphuric acid and the soluble sulphates
filtered from the insoluble sulphate of baryta. The filtrate was precipitated by
ammonia and boiled, to prevent the dissolution of sesquioxide of chromium. This
precipitate, after having been filtered and dried, was finely powdered, and fused
with carbonate of soda and nitrate of potash, in order to oxidize the sesquioxide
of chromium into chromic acid. From the solution in water alumina was preci-
pitated by carbonate of ammonia. The filtrate was then acidulated with hydro-
chloric acid, the chromic acid reduced by alcohol, and the sesquioxide of chro-
mium precipitated from the boiling solution by ammonia.

After baryta had been separated by sulphuric acid from the filtrate of the weak
bases, magnesia was precipitated from the ammoniacal solution by phosphate of
ammonia, with the requisite precautions. In analysis No. III. I decomposed
the finely powdered mineral (previously heated to redness) by evaporation with
sulphuric acid. The silicic acid not having a white color, was fused with car-
bonate of soda and nitrate of potash as above, and the solution containing
alumina, sesquioxides of chromium and iron, and magnesia added to the other
parts. The sesquioxides were separated from magnesia by carbonate of baryta.

The solution containing the magnesia, from which baryta was separated by
sulphuric acid, and to which an excess of chloride of ammonium had been added,
gave with ammonia a white gelatinous precipitate, which was insoluble in caustic
potash, but it gave the other reactions of magnesia. In analyzing this mineral
1 tried at first to separate magnesia from the sesquioxides by chloride of ammo-
nium and ammonia, but although I had ounces of ammoniacal salts in solution,
only half of the magnesia (17 per cent.) remained in solution. I dissolved and
precipitated thus three times, but at last I had to give it up, and separated the
balance which was remaining with the weak bases by carbonate of baryta. I
never before had such difficulties in separating alumina from magnesia, and H.
Rose, in his newest edition, is still in favor of this method, and separated the
small quantity of magnesia, which always falls down With the alumina, by dis-
solving the latter in caustic potash. I shall make further experiments with the
magnesia separated from Rhodophyllite, and intend to make communication of
my results to the Academy, if I find them interesting enough.

For the estimation of the alkalies, the mineral, previously heated to redness,
was decomposed by sulphuric acid, the soluble sulphates were boiled with car-
bonate of baryta, and the carbonates of the alkalies with traces of magnesia
extracted by water. The solution v/as evaporated to dryness, dissolved and
filtered from som.e magnesia which remained ; but the last trace of it was sepa=
rated by oxide of mercury after the carbonates were converted into chlorides.

124 [August,

The chlorides were weighed together, dissolved in water, and on the addition
of bichloride of platinum evaporated to dryness, and the rennaining double salt
of bichloride of platinum and potassium extracted by alcohol. This salt was
heated to redness (as its quantity was very small,) and the platinum separated
by water from the chloride of potassium. From the quantity of platinum, that
of potash and chloride of potassium was calculated, and the latter subtracted
from the whole amount of alkali-metals. The difference is the weight of
chloride of sodium and lithium, but their quantity is too small for a correct
analysis. From reactions it was supposed that the mineral contained about
equal proportions of those. Fluorine and phosphoric or boracic acid could not
be detected.

ELECTION.

Mr. James L. Claghorn, of Philadelphia, Mr. George M. Keim, of
Reading, Pennsylvania, and Dr. G. Bischoff, of the same place, were
elected Members ; and

Dr. Henry G. Dalton, of Demerara, was elected a Correspondent

August Sd,
Vice-President Bridges in the chair.

A communication from Prof. S. F. Baird was read, stating that the
Vulpes Utah, of Audnbon and Bachman, described in the last No. of the
Proceedings (for May and June) is identical with the F. macrourusy
Baird, described in Capt. Stansbury's Report of the Exploration of Utah.
As this Report was published early in June, the writer claims priority
of date for the latter name.

Dr. LeConte read a paper intended for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Remarks on the Coccinellidae of the United States," which
was referred to Dr. Watson, Dr. Hallowell and Mr. Kilvington.

Dr. LeConte reud a second communication, also intended for publi-
cation, entitled '^ Description of a new species of Trombidium." Referred
to the same Committee.

August 10 til.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. J. P. Heister, for Dr. Bischoff of Read-
ing, Pennsylvania, dated August 5th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt
of the notice of election of the latter as a member of the Academy.

A circular was received from Mr. Francis S. Holmes, Curator of the
Museum of Natural History in the College of Charleston, dated July
1852, giving an account of the establishment of the Museum, and re-
questing the transmission of duplicate specimens in exchange, and the
publications of the Academy ; and also offering to present a specimen of
a recent Crinoid from the coast of South Carolina.

The communication was referred, on motion, to the Curators.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Linnean Society of Lon-
don, dated June 23d, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of the last No.

1852.]

125

of the Journal, of late Nos. of the Proceedings, and of previous Nos.
of the same, deficient in the series of that Society.

August 24:th.
Prof. Haldeman in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Lieut. W. S. Boyd, U. S. Marine Corps, dated Valparaiso,
June 27th, 1852, referring to a collection of shells now offered for sale
by Mr. Weld, Purser U. S. N.

From Prof. Ehrlich, dated Linez, April 3, 1 852, presenting the works
announced this evening.

From M. Laporte, Sr., dated Bordeaux, May 4, 1852, in reference
to an exchange of foreign insects for those of this country.

August 31s^.
Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

The Committee on the following paper by Prof. Baird and Mr. Chas.
Girard, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Characteristics of some New Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian

Institution,

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard.

SECOND PART,

Containing the species of the Saurian order, collected by John H. Clark, under
Col. J. D. Graham, head of the Scientific Corps U. S. and Mexican Boundary
Conamission, and a few others from the same or adjoining territories, obtained
from other sources, and mentioned under their special headings.

Holbrookia texana, B. and G. Cophosaurus texanusy Trosch. Arch, fiir
Naturg. for 1850, (published in 1852,) 389. Tab. VI.

This species, easily distinguished from H. maculatay attains a larger size and
is provided with a more elongated tail. The body above and the lower surface
of the head are grayish, maculated with small yellowish white subcircular dots ;
on the upper surface of the tail and hind legs there are transverse bands of black.
On the posterior half of the abdomen there are two black crescents, the convexity
of which is posterior, and extending from near the back to the belly, without
coming into contact either above or below. The space between the crescents,
as well as an anterior and posterior area, are yellowish white on the back and
blue on the belly. The breast, the medial line of the belly, the inferior surface
of thighs and tail, are unicolor, of a uniform yellowish white; the tail underneath
presents seven or more large subquadrangular or subcircular black patches. In
the female, the abdominal crescents are represented by two lateral spots.

Localities. Along the Rio San Pedro, a tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte.

Holbrookia affinis, B. and G. This species comes nearest to H. texana^
from which however it can be readily distinguished by its more slender form and
its proportionally larger dorsal scales and superciliary plates. The coloration
differs but little from the former in the female, to which sex the only specimen
in our possession belongs. The back however is darker, scattered with black
spots, of which two dorsal rows may be followed from the occiput to the base of
the tail, where they meet and constitute a crescent or an angle, the convexity of

20

126 [August,

which is directed backwards. The tail underneath is provided with black patches
similar to those in H. texana.

Locality. Found with the preceding species.

HoLBRooKiA PROPiNQUA, B. and G. This species, very closely allied to H.
mactilata, is most readily distinguished by a more slender form of body and a
more elongated tail. Another character is found in the possession of a more
depressed and protruding snout. On the sides of the abdomen there are some-
times two, but generally three, black patches, whilst in H. maculata these con-
ditions are reversed.

Localities, Between Indianola and San Antonio (Texas.) We possess one
individual of the same species, collected by R. H. Kern, Esq., in a more south-
westerly locality.

HoLBRooKiA MACULATA, G. Specimens of this species were obtained on the
boundary line between San Antonio (Texas) and El Paso del Norte, thus extend-
ing greatly its geographical range.

Crotaphytus Gambelii, B. and G. Of the size, shape and general appear-
ance of G. Wislizenii, from which however it can be readily distinguished by
the larger scales both on the back and belly. The head is likewise more ovoidal ;
at any rate the plates which cover its surface are larger, especially on the occipi-
tal region. The scales on the sides of the head are larger than in C. Wislizenii,
especially those of the temporal region. The general distribution of color is
the same as in C Wislizenii; the only difference consists in the absence of the
small yellowish white dots spread all over the body of the latter species. The
transverse yellowish markings appear also to be more conspicuous.

Locality. Not precisely known; collected by the late Dr. Wm. Gambel
during his last visit to California. Specimens also in the Academy of Natural
Sciences.

CROTAPHYTUS DORSALis, B. and G. A small and very characteristic species.
The snout is short, truncated or rather rounded, giving to the head a much greater
resemblance to that of C. collaris than to that of either O. Wislizenii or C.
Gambelii. The scales are proportionally larger than in any of the known species
of the genus. Along the dorsal line, a row of still larger and carinated scales,
constitutes another very distinctive mark between this species and the others, its
congeners. The tail seems rather compressed and is one and a half times the length
of the body. The ground color nbove is bluish brown with crowded yellowish-
white subcircular spots. The tail is alternately serai-annulated with bluish-
brown and yellowish-white. The lower part of the body is unicolor, except
under the head, where there are several narrow and oblique bluish streaks.
Locality. Desert of Colorado, California. Collected by Dr. John L. LeConte.
This species, according to the notes of Dr. LeConte, in running, carries its
body very high above the ground, with the tail frequently elevated over the back,
somewhat like a squirrel. It runs with very great swiftness, over the sand,
making for its hole whenever pursued.

Uta ornata, B. and G. This species maybe distinguished from U. Stanshn-
riana, of which it has the general appearance, by a dorsal space covered with
five or six rows of scales larger than those on the sides of the body. Along the
middle of the sides there exists one row of small scutollac imitating the lateral
line in lishes. The ground color is reddish-brown with transversely elongated
black patches all along the upper part of the body and tail. The belly is uni-
color in the female, whilst it is blue in the male.

Localities. On the Rio San Pedro (Texas) and province of Sonora. Speci-
mens of the same species were collected by Dr. John L. LeConte at San Diego
(Cal.) and San Francisco (Cal.)

ScELOPORUs PoiNSEXTii, B. and G. Sc. torqnatus var. B. Wiegm.? This
species, although more intimately related to Sc. torqnatus than to any other of
the same genus, is nevertheless easily distinguishable from the latter by the form
and structure of the scales on the middle region of the back, which are subcircu-

1852.] 127

lar, very thin, without carinae and finely denticulated posteriorly. On the sides,
the upper part of the legs and on the tail, the scales taper posteriorly into a sharp
point. The plates on the upper surface of the head are rather small and irregu-
lar in shape, except the occipital, which is larger than in any other allied species.
The general color is olivaceous, reddish on the back and sides, with transverse
dorsal black bands, much broaSer and more distinct on the tail. There is also a
black collar convex backwards, embracing the region of the neck above and
terminating in advance of the origin of the fore legs.

At the request of Col. J. D. Graham, we have dedicated this species to the
memory of the late Hon. Joel R, Poinsett, whose name is associated with the
progress of science and the useful arts throughout his public career, especially
while Secretary of War of the United States.

Localities. Rio San Pedro of the Rio Grande del Norte, and the province of
Sonora.

ScELopoRus Clarkii, B. and G. Allied to bothSc. torquatus^n^Sc. spinosus,
it resembles the former in the presence of an imperfect black collar, which is
more distinct in the young. This, however, is never seen to form a complete
crescent on the neck, but is gradually diminishing in width from its origin in
advance of the fore legs towards the upper part of the body. From Sc. spinosus
it differs by having proportionally much larger scales on the temporal region, and
all the scales terminated by a much less developed posterior point. The body is
uniform yellowish green, excepting the band of black on the sides of the head.
The male has a bluish abdomen, indistinctly black along the middle region. The
lower surface of the head is blue, on the middle region surrounded with black.

Dedicated to John H. Clark, to whose skill as a collector, and untiring zeal for
science, the world is indebted for the splendid zoological collections sent and
brought home by Col. Graham from the survey of the Mexican boundary.

Locality. Province of Sonora.

ScELOPORus Thayerii, B. and G. This species has the general appearance of
Se. scalaris and Sc. graciosus. It differs from both by a very readily apprecia-
ble character, which consists in the possession of much larger scales on the upper
region of the body. The color is yellowish green above, with two longitudinal
bands of brown or black, and two yellow ones, on each side. Sometimes, instead
of bands, a series of small patches of the same color is observed, the black
patches also form transverse and undulating narrow bands. The belly is uniform
yellow underneath, the male has on each side an elongated patch of blue, with a
narrow band of black along the abdominal margin. Under the throat there is a
medial black patch, limiting on each side another blue spot.

At the request of Col. Graham likewise, we have dedicated this species to Col.
Sylvanus Thayer, of the U. S. Engineer corps, and the founder of the present
system of instruction at the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, as a tribute
to the high scientific attainments and valuable services in his profession as an
officer.

Localities. Indianola, on the Gulf of Mexico, San Antonio, (Texas,) El Paso
del Norte, and as far westward as the province of Sonora.

ScELOPORus DisPAR, B. and G. No species of the genus Sceloporus will be
more easily recognizable than the present one, on account of the great disparity
which exists between the scales on the upper part of the body and those on the
tail, the latter being twice as large and more strongly carinate-d. The scales on
the abdomen are likewise a little larger than those on the back. The color in the
only specimen which we have hitherto seen of this species is uniform blackish
green, but as it has been collected for a long time, the color may have changed
considerably. The head is reddish brown. The abdomen in the male is blue
from the fore to the hind legs, leaving a medial narrow space of the color of the
throat and thighs, and along which a narrow black band separates it from the
blue.

Locality. Vera Cruz. Sent by Dr. Burroughs to the Academy of Natural
Scinces of Philadelphia, where the specimen described is preserved.

128 [August,

Genus Cnemidophorus.

A. With eight rows of abdominal scales.

Cnemidophorus marmoratus, B. and G. This species is so closely allied to
Cn. tigris figured in Stansbury's Report on the great Salt Lake, that, at first
sight, it is difficult to perceive the differences. These consist in the proportional
size of the scales, which are smaller on the back and larger on the tail and belly,
in Cn. marmorams than in Cn. tigris. The head is broader on the vertex in Cn,
marmoratus than in Cn. tigris. Differences in the shape of the cephalic plates
are likew^ise obvious when the two species are compared. The hind legs are
more developed in Cn. marmoratus than in Cn. tigris, the scales which cover
their under surface are larger and extend over a greater area. The ground color
is yellowish green, marbled with black, except on the head and posterior part of
the tail.

Locality. Between San Antonio (Texas) and El Paso del Norte.

Cnemidophorus Grahamii, B. and G. This is a large and beautiful species,
strongly suggestive of Cn. tigris, from vihich. it differs by a much smaller and
narrower head, and by some differences in the proportional size of the cephalic
plates. The scales on the upper region of the body are still more minute than in
Cn. marmoratus. Those on the margin of the subgular fold are much larger than
in either Cn. tigris and Cn. marm,oratiis. The head is olivaceous ; the ground
color of the body reddish-green, with seven or eight longitudinal series of sub-
quadrangular black dots, constituting sometimes continuous bands. This species
is dedicated to the accomplished officer to whom the U. S. and Mexican boundary
survey was, for a short time, entrusted. His name has long been associated
with the progress of science in the United States, from the date of the first ex-
pedition of Major Long, to the present time, and we take great pleasure in ten-
dering this especial mark of respect.

Locality. Found with the preceding species.

CNEMmoPHORUS GULARis, B. and G. Allied to Cn. sexlineatuSf of which it
has the general appearance. The body, however, is shorter, the fore and hind
legs are more developed, and the scales on the upper region of the body smaller
than in the latter species. Another very striking difference is to be found on the
subgular fold, where the marginal scales are considerably larger than in Cn.
sexlineatus.

Localities. From Indianola, (Texas,) and the valley of the Rio San Pedro, a
tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte.

Cnemidophorus perplexus, B. and G. This species has the general appear-
ance of C71. Grahamii, having like the latter a proportionally small and narrow
head, which distinguishes at once these from both Cn. tigris and Cn. marmoratus.
From Cn. Grahamii it differs by the absence of large scales on the margin of the
subgular fold. The scales on the upper part of the body are nearly the same,
but those on the belly are larger in Cn. 'perplexus than in Cn. Grahaviii. The
ground color is yellowish green, with seven yellowish stripes extending from the
occiput to the origin of the tail.

Localities. Valley of the Rio San Pedro of the Rio Grande del Norte. Speci-
mens were also collected by Gen. Churchill, on the Rio Grande west of San
Antonio, (Texas,) and by Dr. William Gambel on his last journey to California.

Cnemidophorus gracilis, B. and G. This species comes nearer to Cn. per-
plexus than 10 any other of the same genus, but the head is still narrower, the
body, tail, and legs slender, and proportionally more elongated. The scales on
the lower surface of the head and throat are much smaller than in Cn. perplexus.
The color is bluish black above, with four yellowish white narrow stripes extend-
ing from the occiput to the origin of the tail.

Locality. Desert of Colorado; collected by Dr. John L. Le Conte.

1852.] 129

B, With ten rows of abdominal scales.

Cnemidophorus PRAESiGNis, B. and G. Ten longitudinal rows of abdominal
scales, quadrangular, broader than long. Two subguttural folds, the surface of
the posterior one covered with scales of medium size. A transverse band of
similar scales extends from one ear opening to the other. Nostrils between the
suture of two plates. Scales on the upper part of the body proportionally small;
on the tail, elongated, narrow and keeled. The middle region of the back is
greenish brown, exhibiting an indistinct medial streak with irregular quadrangles
of the same color on each side, separated by a narrow band of deep black. The
sides are black, provided with two narrow stripes of yellowish white on each and
extending along the tail. Between these stripes, and specially along the abdomen,
irregular dots of the color of the stripes are seen scattered. The hind legs and
tail are variegated with black and bluish spots.

Locality. From Chagres, collected by Prof. C. B. Adams. Said' to be also
common at Panama.

Plestiodon obsoletuMj B.and G. Total length about nine inches. Body and
limbs rather short and stout ; tail longer than the body, conical, and rapidly
tapering away. Parieto-occipital and vertical the largest of all the cephalic
plates; rostral, labials, and temporal ones considerably developed. General color
greenish white; uniform below ; the scales on the back and sides are thinly mar-
ginated with black.

Locality. Valley of the Rio San Pedro of the Rio Grande del Norte.

Elgaria nobilis, B. and G. This is the most beautiful species of the
genus. The body and tail are slender and elongated ; the limbs slender and
rather short. The ventral shields are twelve rowed ; fourteen longitudinal rows
of scales on the back, obscurely keeled. The ground color is olivaceous ; the
upper surface of the head, the belly and lower surface of the tail, are dotted with
black. From the occiput to the origin of the tail, there are nine or ten trans-
verse blackish brown bands on the back, covering two or three rows of scale?,
margined posteriorly with white. The intermediate spaces between these brown
bands are of the same width as the bands themselves. Upwards of twenty brown
half-rings are observed on the tail, the width of which is a little less than the
intermediate spaces.

Locality. Fort Webster, Copper mines of the Gila, (Santa Rita del Cobre,)
New Mexico.

The Committee to which was referred Dr. Le Conte's remarks on the
Coccinellidse of the United States, and also on his description of a new
species of Trombidium, reported in favor of publication.

Remarks upon the Coccinellid^ of the United States.
By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

It is not my intention on this occasion to present a synopsis or catalogue of the
native species belonging to the present group. The very elaborate and carefully
written work of Mulsant* renders such a labor entirely superfluous. I propose
now merely to present some views on the classification of the genera of this
family, and to add descriptions of the new species which have recently been
obtained.

On account of the difficulty of distinguishing the species of Scymnus, I have
made new descriptions of all the species observed ; the Corylophi, with but a
single exception, are new, and I have, therefore, by adding a new description of
that species, completed a monograph of that division of the present family.

Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Lyon, 1S50.

130

[August,

Although the labors of Mulsant have served to establish many natural groups
among the species of this difficult tribe, I can by no means agree with him re-
garding the generic value of such groups. However constant may be the char-
acters used by him, yet they are entirely too unimportant to be used for sepa-
rating species, otherwise closely allied. A genus to be natural must differ from
its neighbors by some decided modification of structure, accompanied with a re-
cojjnizable difference in external form : and although it maybe convenient to give
names to subordinate groups, yet they canl n no case be admitted as ger>era.

For this reason, I find it impossible to adopt Mulsant's numerous genera, and
therefore present the following table as showing the relations between such of
our native genera, as appear to be really separated by trenchant and recognizable
characters.

Div. I. COCCINELLJE.

Antennae articulo l^o crasso, Qndo brevi rotundato : tarsi semper dilatati,
articulo 3io minuto recepto : palpi maxillares securiformes ; alarum margo
simplex.

A. Mandibulae simplices vel, bifidae.

1. Antennae longiusculae basi liberce.

a. Metasterno non diviso, epimeris maiusculis :

(corpus oblongum.)

Ungues simplices, tenues

Uftgues dentati . . . . . . , .

b. Metasterno diviso, epimeris rainoribus : (cor-

pus praecipue rotundatum, ungues semper
dentati.)
Antennae clava lata truncata .....
Antennae clava lata apice rotundata ....
Antennae clava elongata : (corpus rotundatum glabrum)
Antennae clava elongata, apice emarginata : (corpus
oblongum pubescens)

2. Antennae breves, basi obtectae.

Labrum occultum . ,

Labrum conspicuum

3. Antennae brevissimae, basi liberae. '

a. Prosternum antice non lobatum.
Corpus glabrum, pedes antici dentati . . .
Corpus glabrum, pedes mutici, ungues dentati . .
Corpus glabrum, pedes mutici, ungues simplices
Corpus pubescens, ungues dentati ....

b. Prosternum antice lobatum, os obtegens

B. Mandibulae multidentalas .....

Anisosticta Chevr-
HippoDAMiA Chevr.

COCCINITLLA Lin.
PSYLLOBORA ChcVr.

Myzia Muls.

COCCIDULA Kug.

Chilocokus Leach.
ExocHOMus Redt.

Brachiacantha Chev.
Hyperaspis Chevr.
OxYNYCHus Lee.

SCYMNUS Kug.
ffiNEIS Muls.

Epijlachna Chevr,

Anisosticta Chevr.

1, A. seriata Lee. Cocc. seriata Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 177.

NcBmia liiigiosa Muls. 31.

The genus Nacmia does not seem sufficiently distinct.

HippoDAMiA Chevr.

This genus may be divided into two groups :

at. Ungues omnes acute dentati. {Ilippodamia and Adonia Muls.)

/8. Ungues omnes obtuse dentati. (Meg-ilia Muls.)

The following species, except (5), belong to division (.)

1. H. convergens Guurin : Muls. Cocc. modesta Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat,
Sc. 3, 178.

1852.] 131

2. H. Mulsanti, nigra, thorace subconvexo, antrorsum angnstato, subtilis-
sime punctulato, margine lateral! et apicali albo, elytris rufo-flavis, fascia sub
basali, macula magna obliqua pone mediam, alteraque versus apicem nigris.
Long. -22.

One specimen, Pic River, Lake Superior. Very similar to H. 5-signata
(Muls.) but differs by its convex and less punctured thorax being narrowed in
I'ront, and margined with white on the sides and apex. The large posterior spot
of the elytra is more oblique, and is a little narrower at its external part : the
epimera are white.

In the only specimen of H. 5-signata in my collection, the thorax, besides the
large white blotches at the anterior angles, has two small white dorsal spots, and
one at the middle of the apex.

3. H. a m b i g u a , nigra, thorace punctulato, margine laterali et antico, macu-
lisque dorsalibus duabus plus minusve albis, elytris valde punctulatis rufis, ad
baain albidis, sutura basi nigra. Lorij. '2 27.

California and Oregon. Very similar to H. convergens, but easily distinguished
by the stronirly punctulate elytra : the elytra are usually without spots, sometimes
there is a single black dot on each at the anterior fifth near the sutnre. The
thorax varies as follows :

at. Lateral and apical margin narrow, white ; dorsal spots small, distinct.

^. Lateral margin white, dilated at the anterior angles ; dorsal spots none.

4. H. p u n c t u 1 a t a, nigra, thorace valde punctulato, maculis duabus dorsa-
libus, alteris ad angulos anticos, margineque apicali medio prolongato albis,
elytris punctulatis, rufis basi pallidis, sutura antice nigra. Long '27.

Several specimens, San Francisco, California. Very similai^ to the preceding,
but the thorax is more strongly punctured and more convex ; the white of the
sides extends only half way to the base, and the apical white margin, even
W'hen not entire, is prolonged a little in the middle ; the dorsal spots are some-
times wanting ; the posterior angles are sometimes marked with a small white
point.

This species and the preceding have been confounded w^ith unspotted varieties
of H. convergens, from which their strongly punctulate elytra at once distin-
guish them.

5i H. maculata Lee; Cocc mamlata De Geer; C. \Q-mac2data'F^hr.\
C. oblonga Oliv. ; Megilla maculata Muls. 28. This species is common in the
southern part of California. One specimen from New York is more strongly-
punctured on the elytra than any other I have seen, but I can find no other
difference.

CocciNELLA Linne.

Our species fall into three natural divisions according to the form of the en-
closed spaces of the first abdominal segment, behind the coxae. I have latinised
Mulsant's "plaques abdominales " into " scuta abdominis;" Redtenbacher's
" Schenkellinie " is more appropriate, but is not so easily translated,
a. Scuta abdominis margine arcuato, {Adalia Mnls.)
/. Scuta abdominis margine angulato, {Harvionia and Coccinella Muls.)
y. Scuta abdominis margine externo obliterato, {Daidis Muls.)

1. C. venusta Mels.Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3,178 (1S47.)
Harmonia notulata Muls. 83 (1850.)

2. C. pi c ta Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 51.
C. concinnata Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 178.
Harmonia contexta Muls. 87.

HarTno7iia picta Muls. 1017.

3. C. lacustris, hemispherica, nigra, dense punctulata, thorace macula
alba utrinque ad angulos anticos, elytris rufo-flavis, macula scutellari obcordata,
duabusque utrinque transversis nigris, lateribus pone humeros late sulcatis,
epimeris mesothoracis albis. Long '27. ^

Lake Superior, several specimens. This species very closely resembles C.

132 [August,

montlcola (Muls. 115), but the elytra have the lateral margin from the humeri
to the middle broadly sulcate, while in C. monticola the same part is scarcely
perceptibly copcave ; the black transverse spois of the elytra are also larger.
Otherwise there is no special difference.

Myzia Muls.

This genus differs from Coccinella by its long and slender antennae ; I have
included in it also Mulsant's genus Anatis, as I can find no difference worthy
of note. The following is new :

1. M. Rathvoni, late ovata, ntrinque fortius angustata, thorace lateribus
rectis, maculis duabus baseos lateribusque late albis, his puncto nigro notatis,
elytris piceo-rufis, lateribus usque ad medium explanatis. Long. -4.

I take great pleasure in dedicating 'this fine species to Mr. S. S. Rathvon, of
Lancaster, Pa., to whom science is indebted for many valuable additions to our
entomological fauna. It was found at Sacramento, California, by Mr. Childs.
Broadly oval, very convex, strongly narrowed before and behind, so as to be al-
most angulated at the middle, on the sides. Head black, with an obscure rufous
spot each side. Thorax twice as wide as long, strongly narrowed in front,
sides nearly straight, broadly margined ; black, with two basal spots and a very
broad lateral margin white ; the sides have a marginal black spot near the pos-
terior angles. Elytra piceo-rufous, with some very indistinct black dots, of
which the posterior series consisting as in M. 15-punctata of 6 spots is most
distinct ; the lateral margin from the base to the point of greatest breadth is
strongly flattened and concave, and is blackish towards the middle. Beneath
black.

This is evidently a very dark colored specimen, and it is probable that on
further exploration varieties will be found similar to the light colored and ocel-
late specimens of M. 15-punctata.

COCCIDULA Kug.

1. C. lepida, elongato-oblonga, flava, subtiliter albo-pubescente, capita
pectoreque nigris, elytris disperse punctatis, basi, lateribus ad medium, macula-
que communi pone medium nigerrimis. Long. 'll.

One specimen, Vermont. Prof. C. B. Adams. Oblong elongate, convex,
bright yellow, covered with fine short white hair. Head black, finely and not
densely punctured, clypeus, mouth and antennae yellow. Thorax finely punc-
tured, rounded on the sides, base rounded, posterior angles subobtuse, not
rounded. Elytra tolerably coarsely punctured, base and sides as far as the
middle black ; black portion broader at the scutellum and at the middle of the side ;
disc with a common rounded black spot at the second third ; beneath yellow ;
breast entirely black ; prosternum black posteriorly.

The anterior coxae in this genus are much smaller than in any other of the
present tribe, and are almost round.

ExocHOMus Redt.

1. E. G u e xi, hemisphericus, thorace nigro lateribus antice rufis, basi sub-
angulato immarginato, elytris obsolete punctulatis, rufis macula magna sub-
apicali nigra. Long. '12.

Louisiana. 1 have dedicated this species to my estimable friend Mr. J. A.
Guex, to whom I owe my specimens of this and many other interesting species.
Size and form of E. marginipennis (Muls.) (E. prcetextatus Mels. Pr. Ac. 3, 178 ;
Cocc. marginipenyiis Lee. An. Lye. 1, 173.) Head black in the female, yellow
in the male. Thorax very obsoletely punctulate, black; sides broadly rufous
in the male, rufous only at the anterior angles in the female ; base very much
rounded, somewhat angulated, not margined. Elytra very finely and obsoletely
punctulate, rufous with a large black spot near the apex and a little nearer to
the suture than the side. Beneath piceous j sides and feet yellow.

BiiAciiiACANTHA Chevr.
1. B. albifrons. Coccinella alhifrons Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc 4, 94;
Muls. 1019.

1852.] 133

Missouri Territory and Louisiana. In the male the anterior part of the tho-
rax is white, a little prolonged in three places, so that the outline of the black
part is four-lobed.

2. B. 10-pu st ulat a. Hyperaspis \Q-pnstnlaia Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3,
179. This is commonly considered as the small variety of B. ursina, but it
differs essentially in having the elytra much more strongly punctured.

3. B. b a s a 1 i s Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 179 ; B. covfnsa Muls. 537.

4. B. quadripunctata Mels. ibid. 3, 178 ; B. diversa Muls. 538.

Hyperaspis Chevr.

1. H. militaris, ovalis, convexa, subtiliter punctulata, capite thoraceque
nigris, hoc lateribus albis, elytris flavis, sutura maculaque humerali nigris ; pe-
dibus abdominisque lateribus testaceis. Long. -1.

One specimen, Columbia, S. Carolina. Rounded, slightly oval, very convex
and very finely punctulate. Head black, mouth and organs testaceous. Thorax
with the base much rounded, and very finely margined; black, sides vi^hitish
yellow. Elytra pale yellow with abroad sutural vitta and an oblong spot on the
humeral callus black. Beneath piceous black ; feet, sides and apex of the
abdomen testaceous.

2. H. V i 1 1 i g e r a, ovalis, modice convexa, thorace nigro lateribus flavis, ely-
tris rugose punctulatis, albicantibus sutura vittaque lata postice adnexa nigris,
pedibus testaceis. Long. '08.

Missouri Territory. Oval, somewhat oblong, moderately convex. Head
sparsely and obsoletely punctulate, testaceous in the male, black with yellow
mouth in the female. Thorax obsoletely punctulate, rounded and finely mar-
gined at the base ; in the male yellow with a large basal black spot, anteriorly
lobed and extending beyond the middle ; in the female black with narrow yel-
low sides. Elytra finely punctulate and wrinkled; whitish, with a broad black
vitta commencing near the base, and extending nearly to the apex, where it
curves inwards and joins the suture, which is also black ; margin behind the
middle and at the apex black. Beneath piceous, margin of the abdomen and
feet obscure testaceous.

3. H. ar c u a t a, ovalis, modice convexa, nigra, capite thoraceque lateribus
maculaque apicali 3-dentata albis, elytris subtiliter punctatis, basi marginenue
usque ad medium tenuiter albis, pedibus testaceis. Long. .07.

One male found at the mouth of the Gila, California. Oval, slightly oblong,
moderately convex. Head obsoletely punctured, base rounded, scarcely mar-
gined, black ; sides yellowish white ; apex with a transverse yellow spot, pos-
teriorly 3-dentate, at the sides almost reaching the yellow margin. Elytra dis-
tinctly punctured, black, with a narrow arcuated white line extending from
near the scutellum, along the base of the outer margin as far as the middle.
Beneath piceous, feet dark testaceous.

4. H. a n n e X a, rotundato-ovalis, convexa, nigra, thorace lateribus albis,
elytris obsolete punctulatis, vitta suturali lata, alteraque postice abbreviata, ad
basin extensa, margineque tenui nigris. Long. '10.

One pair. San Francisco. Rounded oval, less convex than H. militaris.
Head scarcely punctulate, in the male yellow, in the female black. Thorax
scarcely punctulate, black, lateral margin yellow. Elytra very indistinctly
punctulate, yellow, M'ith a sutural vitta broader in front, and another very broad
vitta commencing at the base and extending to within one-seventh of the apex
deep black ; outer margin and apex with a very narrow black line. Beneath
blackish piceous, tarsi paler; anterior legs, tibiae and tarsi of the male tes-
taceous.

In the female the black vittae are much broader, so that the elytra appear
black, with a narrow marginal vitta and another suboblique discoidal one united
osteriorl^; to the marginal vitta.

5. H. quadrivittata, rotundato-ovalis, modice convexa, nigra, valde

21

134 [August,

punctulata, thorace lateribus flavis, elytris margine externo et apicali, vittaque
obliqua utrinque abbreviata flavis. Long. -lO.

One specimen found near Long's Peak. Similar to the female of the preced-
ing, but is strongly punctulate, and the discoidal yellow vitta does not unite
with the marginal one. The organs of the mouth and the feet are piceous.

6. H. consimilis, hemispherica, punctulata, nigra, thorace margin^
laterali pallido, elytris gutta subbasali, vitta abbreviata postica, margineque
externo subundulato flavis, tibiis anticis testaceis. Long. -10.

One specimen (female,) Lake Superior. Very similar to H. disconotata
(Muls.) but the anterior spot does not reach the base, the posterior spot is vitti-
form, extending from the middle to within one seventh of the apex ; the outer
margin is much narrower and but slightly undulated, posteriorly it separates
from the margin, leaving the apex black. The feet are black, the anterior tibise
and extremity of the middle tibiae yellow.

7. H. el eg an s Muls. 658; Cocc. tindnlata\\ Say Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. 4, 92.
Coccinella lugubris (Randall Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 52), is probably a

variety of this species ; the types of Randall's species are, however, long ago
destroyed.

8. H. fimbriolata Mels. Proc. Ac, Nat. Sc. 3, 180 ; II, rufomarginata
Muls. 661.

9. H. iu c u n d a, hemispherica, obsolete punctulata, capite thoraceque rufis,
hoc basi medio nigro, lateribus flavis, elytris nigris maculis utrinque duabus
margineque externo postice abbreviato flavis, corpore pedibusque rufis.
Long. '12.

One specimen, Illinois, Mr. Willcox. Almost hemispherical, finely and
almost obsoletely punctulate. Head yellowish rufous, thorax rufous, sides
broadly yellow, base rounded very finely margined, black as far as the yellow
of the sides. Elytra black, with a large round yellow spot before the middle
and another slightly reniform one towards the apex ; lateral margin yellow,
from the base for two-thirds the length, a little expanded behind. Pygidium
rufous. Body beneath and feet rufous.

10. H. t ae n i a t a, nigra, hemispherica,nitidissima, subtiliter punctulata,elytris
margine laterali antice, maculaque magna triangulari ad marginem extensa ru-
bris. Long. '10.

One specimen, San Diego, California. Almost hemispherical, black, finely
but not densely punctulate, very shining. Head and thorax entirely black, punc-
tures of the latter very distinct. Elytra with a large triangular blotch at the
middle, extending two-thirds the breadth of the elytra, to the margin, where it
is expanded so as to reach the base ; the posterior outline is a little emarginate
towards its inner part, which is near about the centre of the elytron. Body be-
neath entirely black.

11. H. pratensis, subhemispherica, nigra, valde punctulata, thorace
lateribus late albis, elytris utrinque trimaculatis, maculis duabus anticis trans-
versim positis, tertia subapicali rufo-flavis, pedibus flavis. Long '15.

One specimen, Missouri Territory. The maculation of this species is very
similar to that of some varieties of Brachiacantha dentipes. Almost hemisphe-
rical black, very distinctly punctulate; mouth yellow; thorax with a large
yellowish white spot occupying the whole of the side; base less rounded than
usual, subtruncate at the middle. Elytra with a large orange colored spot be-
fore the middle, closer to the suture than to the side ; another smaller marginal
one opposite the posterior part of the discoidal spot, and a third towards the
apex, equidistant between the sides and suture. Beneath shining black, legs
yellow.

12. H. s ig n ata Muls. 683 ; Core, signnta Oliv. Ent. 92, 7, 107.
H. hucopsis Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 179 (specimen masculinum.)

1852.] 135

13. H. bigeminata Lee. ; Cocc, ligeminata Rand. Bost. Journ. 2, 32.

H. Guexl Muls. 687.

I have compared my specimens with Randall's type, the only one remaining
in his collection at the time I examined it. My specimens agree perfectly with
JVulsant's description of H. Guexi.

(Eneis Muls.

1. (E. puncticollis, breviter, ovata, glabra, nigra nitida, thorace parce
punctato, lateribus subrotundatis, elytris impunctatis. Long. -07.

Southern States. Broadly oval, convex, shining black. Head sparsely punc-
tured black, with yellow palpi. Thorax very short, marked with a few distinct
punctures, base rounded, finely margined, sides rounded, posterior angles
slightly rounded. Feet black.

2. CE. pu s il 1 a, breviter ovata, glabra, nigra, nitida, capite thoraceque la-
teribus flavis, hoc parce punctulato, elytris impunctatis, pedibus flavis.
Long. '06.

Georgia, and Missouri Territory. Very similar to the preceding, but besides
the differences in color the thorax is less distinctly punctured, and the posterior
angles are more rounded. A specimen from New York has the head and tho-
rax entirely black, but the feet are yellow. It is probably the female of this
species.

SCTMNUS Kug.

The species found in the United States may be arranged in groups, as follows.

A. Abdominis laminae extus omnino obliteratse.

a. Elytra maculis discoidalibus notata .... Sp. 1 5.

b. Elytra macula apicali notata Sp. 6 7.

B. Abdominis laminae integrae vel vix imperfectae

1. Abdominis laminae extus interruptae . Sp. 8 9.

2. Abd. lam. integrae.

c. Elytra testacea ....... Sp. 10 13.

d. Elytra nigra, apice testacea Sp. 14 21.

e. Elytra nigra immaculata Sp. 22 27.

A. a.

1. S. am ab i 1 is , ovalis, minus convexus, ater nitidus, punctatus, subtiliter
pubescens, capite, thoracis lateribus, elytrorum macula obliqua, fascia postica,
apice, pedibusque laete flavis. Long. '07.

New Orleans, one specimen, Mr. Guex. Oval, less convex than usual, shining,
finely and densely punctured, and very finely pubescent. Head and organs of the
mouth yellow. Thorax narrowed in front, base slightly sinuous, finely margined,
black, sides with a yellow margin, which is wider in front. Elytra forming a
very distinct angle with the sides of the thorax, black, with a large transverse
spot, a posterior band and the apex yellow ; the spot is oblique and extends from
just below the humerus to the middle of the elytra, ending near the suture ; the
band is placed at the second third of the elytra, is sinuate on each side, and at the
sides and suture is confluent with the yellow apical margin, so that on each side
a transverse black spot is included. Under surface black, venter testaceous at
the sides and apex ; feet yellow.

2. S. ornatus, ellipticus, convexus, ater, opacus, breviter pubescens, sub-
tiliter punctulatns, elytris maculis magnis utrinqueduabusauruntiacis. Long. "09.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 239.

One specimen, found on the North shore of Lake Superior. Elliptical, mode-
rately convex, black without lustre, finely punctulate, and covered with short
gray hair. Thorax narrowed in front, slightly rounded on the sides, base not
sinuate, distinctly margined in the middle. Elytra with a large oblique orange
colored spot before the middle, and another rounded, somewhat transverse one
behind the middle extending nearly to the sides and to the suture. Under sur-

136 [August,

face black, tibiae and tarsi very obscurely rufo-piceous. Abdominal plates shorter
than the first segment of the abdomen.

S. (D io m u s) m yr m id o n Muls. 954, seems to be allied to this species,
but the yellow feet, testaceous apex of the elytra, and shorter abdominal plates,
at once distinguish it.

3. S. guttulatus, rotundatus, convexus, niger nitidus, punctulatus, pubes-
cens, elytris gutta parva utrinque ad medium, alterisque duabus pone medium
rufis. Long. '08.

Two specimen?, San Francisco, California. Slightly oval rounded, and 'con-
vex, black, finely punctulate, tolerably densely pubescent. Thorax som what
narrowed in front, very slightly rounded on the sides, not margined at the base,
which is scarcely sinuate. Elytra more distinctly punctured than the thorax,
marked with a small round red spot at the middle about the internal third of the
breadth, and two others placed transversely about two sevenths from the apex,
of which the exterior is the larger and slightly oblique. Under surface entirely
black. Abdominal plates a little shorter than the first joint of the abdomen.

4. S. f la V if TO n s. rotundatus, convexus, niger, punctatus, breviter pubes-
cens, elytris macula utrinque pone medium, ore tibiis tarsisque flavis. Long. '08.

Melsheimer, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 181.

New York and Pennsylvania, rare. Rounded, convex, black shining, distinctly
punctured, covered with fine gray hair; mouth and its organs yellow. Thorax
narrowed in front, scarcely rounded on the sides, finely margined at the base,
which is truncate in front of the scutellum, and obliquely sinuous each side.
Elytra with a large round yellow spot at the posterior third, and equidistant from
the side and suture. Body beneath entirely black, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Ab-
dominal plates shorter than the first segment; their posterior margin is parallel
with the margin of the segment, and reaches the side as in the preceding
species.

5. S. bioculatus, rotundato-ovalis convexus, niger punctatus, cinereo-
pubescens, elytrorum gutta pone medium, tibiis tarsisque flavis. Long. '07.

Muls. 960.

Georgia, rare. This species exactly resembles the last, but it is smaller and
more oval, the elytra being a little narrowed behind, and not so regularly rounded
on the sides, as in S. flavifrons. The punctures of the elytra are somewhat
larger. In one specimen the head is testaceous, in the other it is black, but both
are females.

A. b.

6. S. term ina tu s , subrotundatus, convexus, niger nitidus, punctatus, sub-
tiliter pubescens, capite, thoracis abdominisque lateribus pedibusque testaceis,
elytris apice late flavis. Long. "075.

Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 203: Muls. 952.

Pennsylvania, Georgia. Rounded, slightly oval, convex, black and shining,
covered with very fine gray hair. Head testaceous; thorax finely and closely
punctured, narrowed in front, but litte rounded on the sides, base rounded, finely
margined, scarcely at all sinuous, sides narrowly margined w